染料敏化太阳能电池对电极的研究进展

综述了近年来染料敏化太阳能电池对电极的种类、特点及制作方法的研究进展情况,对不同种类对电极的制备方法及其优缺点进行了比较,指出了贵金属类对电极的不足,同时也给出了非金属类对电极的优势.最后提出,大力开展非金属类低价高效的对电极研究是今后染料敏化太阳能电池课题研究的一个重要方向,并对染料敏化太阳能电池的前景进行了展望.     

染料敏化太阳能电池对电极的研究进展

简要说明了染料敏化太阳能电池中对电极的作用,指出对电极是染料敏化太阳能电池的重要研究方向。详细介绍了各类对电极的特点和制备工艺,通过对比发现,铂对电极性能最好,但高成本限制了它的应用;价格低廉、性能较高的碳和聚合物对电极的发展前景广阔。最后论述了对电极的发展方向和国内外的研究现状。     

染料敏化太阳能电池无FTO煤基炭对电极的研究

分别以气煤、焦煤、瘦煤为原料制备了低成本、高性能煤基炭对电极(counter electrodes, CEs), 并使用煤基炭CE同时代替导电玻璃基底和催化层, 分别考察了浸渍和表面修饰对煤基炭CE结构和光电性能的影响。采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜和电化学阻抗谱等表征手段, 对煤基炭CE的结构和性能进行了表征。结果表明: 浸渍后煤基炭CE形成了底层致密表层多孔的一体化结构; 经过表面修饰的煤基炭CE表现出良好的光电性能, 其开路电压(V_oc)、短路电流密度(J_sc)和填充因子(FF)分别为0.79 V、13.48 mA/cm²和0.67, 光电转化效率(η)达到了7.16%, 与传统Pt电极的效率相当, 比石墨电极效率提高30%。煤基炭CE是传统Pt/FTO电极的良好替代材料。     

染料敏化太阳能电池用过渡金属化合物对电极的研究进展

由于成本低、制作工艺简单、光电转换效率高, 染料敏化太阳能电池被认为是传统太阳能电池最有力的竞争者之一。染料敏化太阳能电池常用的对电极是Pt电极, Pt价格高, 储量少, 因此寻找一种价格便宜且催化性能较好的材料代替Pt制备对电极是目前的研究热点。过渡金属化合物品种多、制备过程简单、价格低且催化性能好, 近年来受到人们的广泛关注, 是代替Pt制备染料敏化太阳能电池对电极最好的材料之一。本文综述了染料敏化太阳能电池过渡金属化合物对电极的研究现状, 对过渡金属化合物对电极的性能特点及今后研究的重点进行了分析。     

PEDOT基对电极染料敏化太阳能电池研究进展

染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)是新型太阳能电池的研究热点之一,其优异的弱光发电性能被不断探索,同时透明及柔性DSSC在可穿戴设备上的应用也与日俱增。DSSC的循环依靠对电极的作用才能及时高效地完成,因此对电极材料的选择尤为关键。近几年研究者们对对电极材料的研究不断深入,其中可作为DSSC对电极材料使用的高分子导电聚合物聚3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩(PEDOT)因其高导电性、对电解质的催化能力、透明性和柔性等特点受到广泛关注。以含PEDOT或掺杂PEDOT对电极的DSSC为对象,阐述了PEDOT对电极的制备方法,并总结了近几年PEDOT作为DSSC对电极的研究进展。在此基础上,提出未来在电池效率突破研究中应以原位聚合法制备PEDOT对电极为主,以及在大规模工业化生产中应以物理涂覆法为主的观点,为PEDOT对电极DSSC的研究提供依据。     

碳材料在染料敏化太阳能电池和钙钛矿太阳能电池对电极中的应用进展

染料敏化太阳能电池和钙钛矿太阳能电池是目前太阳能电池领域的研究热点,但这两种电池中使用的传统对电极材料,如Pt和Au等稀有且价格昂贵,不利于大规模量产。碳材料作为除Pt,Au等之外的另一种候选材料,其种类丰富且成本低廉,作为对电极应用在这两类电池中具有逐渐接近甚至超越传统电池的光电转换效率,表现出良好的应用前景。本文综述了作为两类电池对电极的碳材料具备的结构、性能及对电池光伏性能的影响,着重介绍各种形式的碳材料应用于对电极的最新研究进展,并指出现有研究存在的局限性与待解决的问题,讨论了碳材料对电极未来的研究方向。     

染料敏化太阳能电池中纯铂对电极的研究进展

作为染料敏化太阳能电池的重要组成部分,对电极的催化性能和价格直接关系到电池的光电转换效率和成本。作为对电极的催化材料,导电聚合物、碳材料和无机化合物等材料虽成本低廉,但其催化性能仍不及金属铂。因此,重点综述了近年来染料敏化太阳能电池纯铂对电极的研究状况,并指出了纯铂对电极中有待解决的问题及今后的发展方向,同时还介绍了染料敏化太阳能电池的工作原理和对电极的作用。     

染料敏化太阳能电池新型对电极材料研究进展

染料敏化太阳能电池以其成本低廉、原材料丰富、制作工艺简单、理论转换效率高、对环境无污染等优势而备受人们关注,并在工业化生产中逐渐得到推广和应用。虽然人们在物理和化学方面对其进行了大量的研究,但其转换效率并没有得到明显的提高。对电极作为染料敏化太阳能电池的重要组成部分,其材料的性能直接影响着染料敏化太阳能电池的转换效率。为此,不少科研工作者提出了一个通过优化对电极材料自身结构来提高整个染料敏化太阳能电池光电性能的议题。着重综述了近几年对电极材料自身结构优化方面具有代表性的研究成果。     

柔性染料敏化太阳能电池研究进展

从柔性基底的选择、低温法制备纳米晶TiO2薄膜、柔性对电极等几个方面介绍了柔性DSSC的研究进展,重点评述了纳米晶TiO2薄膜低温制备技术,如低温烧结法、微波烧结法、水热法、紫外光照射法和加压法等的优缺点,并展望了柔性DSSC未来的研究方向.     

量子点敏化太阳能电池对电极材料的研究进展

量子点敏化太阳能电池(Quantum Dot-Sensitized Solar cells, QDSCs)制备工艺简单, 制造成本低廉, 是一种有希望的新型太阳能电池。QDSCs利用量子点具有光谱吸收强、尺寸可调和多激子效应等优点, 能够提高其光电转换效率; 同时, 利用无机量子点替代染料作为敏化剂, 能够解决染料敏化太阳能电池(DSCs)的稳定性问题。但是, QDSCs光电转换效率较低是制约其应用的主要问题。近年来, 通过改变和调控对电极的材料和电子特性提高QDSCs的光电效率的方法受到了广泛关注。本文综述了QDSCs对电极材料的制备方法、微观形貌和晶体结构; 重点分析了金属化合物、复合材料、杂化材料、多元金属硫族化合物、导电聚合物和碳材料对电极对量子点敏化太阳能电池的电荷转移阻抗、光电性能等参数的影响; 并分析影响其电催化活性和电子传输性能的主要因素。最后, 提出通过表面修饰、复合和杂化等方法构筑新型对电极材料, 进而改善和提高QDSCs转换效率和稳定性, 是今后的研究重点和研究方向。     

Highly conductive polymer materials based multi-walled carbon nanotubes as counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxxythiophene) (PEDOT), polyaniline (PANI) and polythiophene (PTh) based multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composites were successfully prepared using RF-rotating plasma grafting method. Morphological characterizations of composites were determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which showed that conducting polymers (CPs) of PEDOT, PANI and PTh were coated on the surface of CNTs. The surface properties of the Carbon Nanotube (CNT) composites were also determined by using Infrared Spectra (FT-IR), X-ray Photon Spectra (XPS), and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectra (SEM-EDX) analysis. X-ray photon spectra results confirmed the formation of the composites. Composites of MWCNT were used in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) as counter electrodes and exhibited short-circuit photocurrent densities of 11.19, 10.70 and 8.54 mA/cm² for PANI/MWCNT, PTh/MWCNT and PEDOT/CNT, respectively.     

Characteristics of dye-sensitized solar cells with surface-modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes as counter electrodes

A polystyrene-based functional block copolymer is employed as a surface modifier for multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) paste utilized in the fabrication of a MWCNT counter electrode (CE) in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The surface modification of MWCNTs paste improves the dispersibility of MWCNTs, resulting in a facilitated fabrication of electrodes through the screen printing procedure, as evidenced by a lower viscosity and more homogeneous paste, as well as a more uniform MWCNT coating. Upon removing organic compounds from the paste through a thermal treatment procedure, the DSSC with the modified CE exhibits enhanced solar energy conversion efficiency (η) compared with that of the neat MWCNT CE. The behavior stems from an improvement in the overall redox reaction kinetics and the short-circuit current (J _sc) of the DSSC. The DSSC also exhibits an improved η value over an extended storage period, which demonstrates a successful combination of processability, performance, and stability of the DSSC achieved by using an optimum amount of surface modifier for MWCNTs.     

Anthocyanin-sensitized solar cells using carbon nanotube films as counter electrodes

Carbon nanotube (CNT) films have been used as counter electrodes in natural dye-sensitized (anthocyanin-sensitized) solar cells to improve the cell performance. Compared with conventional cells using natural dye electrolytes and platinum as the counter electrodes, cells with a single-walled nanotube (SWNT) film counter electrode show comparable conversion efficiency, which is attributed to the increase in short circuit current density due to the high conductivity of the SWNT film.     

Electrospun carbon nanofibers as low-cost counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells

Electrospun carbon nanofibers (ECNs) have been explored as an electrocatalyst and low-cost alternative to platinum (Pt) for triiodide reduction in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). The results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry measurements indicated that the ECN counter electrodes exhibited low charge-transfer resistance (Rct), large capacitance (C), and fast reaction rates for triiodide reduction. Although the efficiency (η) of ECN-based cells was slightly lower than that of Pt-based cells, their short circuit current density (Jsc) and open circuit voltage (Voc) were comparable. The ECN-based cells achieved an energy conversion efficiency (η) of 5.5 % under the AM 1.5 illumination at 100 mW cm(-2). The reason for lower cell performance using the ECN electrode was because of its lower fill factor (FF) than that of Pt-based cells, probably caused by high total series resistance (RStot) at ～15.5 Ω cm2, which was larger than that of ～4.8 Ω cm2 in the Pt-based devices. Simulated results showed that the fill factor (FF) and η could be substantially improved by decreasing RStot, which might be achieved by using thinner and highly porous ECNs to reduce the thickness of the ECNs counter electrode.     

Polypyrrole nanorod networks/carbon nanoparticles composite counter electrodes for high-efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells

Polypyrrole(PPy) nanorod networks with a high electrical conductivity of 40 S cm(-1) have been obtained in a high yield by employing an ion association of heparin-methylene blue as a new morphology-directing agent. The polypyrrole nanorod networks are mixed with different content of carbon nanoparticles to make PPy nanorod networks/carbon nanoparticles(PPy/C) counter electrodes. It is found that the PPy/C composite with 10% carbon content shows a lower charge transfer resistance and better catalytic performance for the reduction of I(3)(-), compared with the pristine PPy and carbon electrodes. The better catalytic performance is attributed to the interaction of the superior electrocatalytic activity of the unique polypyrrole nanorod networks and the carbon nanoparticles, which can accelerate triiodide reduction and electron transfer in the electrode. Under standard AM 1.5 sunlight illumination, the dye-sensitized solar cell based on the PPy/C composite with 10% carbon content as the counter electrode demonstrates a high efficiency of 7.2%, which is much higher than that of pristine PPy and carbon electrode-based DSCs and comparable to that of the thermal decomposed Pt-based DSC.     

Carbon nanotube/graphene nanocomposite as efficient counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells

We demonstrated the replacement of the Pt catalyst normally used in the counter electrode of a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) by a nanocomposite of dry spun carbon multi-walled nanotube (MWNT) sheets with graphene flakes (Gr-F). The effectiveness of this counter electrode on the reduction of the triiodide in the iodide/triiodide redox (I(-)/I(3)(-)) redox reaction was studied in parallel with the use of the dry spun carbon MWNT sheets alone and graphene flakes used independent of each other. This nanocomposite deposited onto fluorinated tin-oxide-coated glass showed improved catalytic behavior and power conversion efficiency (7.55%) beyond the use of the MWNTs alone (6.62%) or graphene alone (4.65%) for the triiodide reduction reaction in DSSC. We also compare the use of the carbon MWNT/Gr-F composite counter electrode with a DSSC using the standard Pt counter electrode (8.8%). The details of increased performance of graphene/MWNT composite electrodes as studied are discussed in terms of increased catalytic activity permitted by sharp atomic edges that arise from the structure of graphene flakes or the defect sites in the carbon MWNT and increased electrical conductivity between the carbon MWNT bundles by the graphene flakes.     

基于不同浓度铂对电极的染料敏化太阳能电池的性能研究

染料敏化太阳能电池对电极上用于催化的铂的浓度对电池的光电转换性能有重要的影响,特别是当光从对电极射入染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)时.制备了不同铂浓度对电极的电池,研究了光从对电极入射时,铂对内部阻抗、光吸收效率等的影响,优化出最佳的铂浓度.结果表明,10mmol/L为最佳对电极入射铂浓度,在一定浓度范围内,开路电压(...     

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes as a new counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells

Airbrushed multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT) networks were investigated as a new counter electrode for dye-sensitized TiO2 photoelectrochemical solar cells. The structural and physical properties of the MWNTs were studied by various techniques including SEM, TEM, Raman, optical absorption, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The MWNTs exhibited catalytic activity for the reduction of triiodide in the electrolyte as studied by EIS measurements. The performance of the dye-sensitized solar cells was improved by using MWNTs as counter electrodes. This observation is explained by the significantly increased contact area between the MWNT counter electrode and the electrolyte which facilitates efficient charge transportation in the solar cell. We demonstrated that the MWNTs are suitable for replacing expensive Pt electrodes for fabricating high efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells. The process used in this study is also technically attractive for large scale and economic production.     

Synthesis and characterization of natural dye and counter electrode thin films with different carbon materials for dye-sensitized solar cells

This study aims to deal with the film of the counter electrode of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and the preparation, structure and characteristics of the extract of natural dye. This study adopts different commercial carbon materials such as black lead, carbon black and self-made TiO2-MWCNT compound nanoparticle as the film of the counter electrodes. Moreover, for the preparation of natural dyes, anthocyanins and chlorophyll dyes are extracted from mulberry and pomegranate respectively. Furthermore, the extracted anthocyanins and chlorophyll are blended into cocktail dye to complete the preparation of natural dye. Results show that the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the single-layer TiO2-MWCNT counter electrode film and the cocktail dye of the DSSCs is 0.462%.