Z型La-SrTiO3/Ag/Ag2O异质结光催化降解亚甲基蓝研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法、化学沉淀法和光还原法合成了具有高催化活性的Z型La-SrTiO₃/Ag/Ag₂O异质结光催化剂。对该光催化剂进行了SEM、TEM、XRD、XPS、UV-Vis、PL和EPR的表征分析,并考察了初始亚甲基蓝(MB)浓度、pH和H₂O₂浓度等相关运行参数对光催化剂催化性能的影响。结果表明,成功制备的La-SrTiO₃/Ag/Ag₂O复合材料对光具有较大的吸光度,可以有效抑制了光致电子-空穴对的复合。该催化剂具有较高的光催化降解活性,光照120min后对30×10^-6的MB降解效率可达到98%。     

水热法合成TiO2/Fe3+光催化剂及其氧化降解亚甲基蓝

以硫酸钛为钛源,采用水热法合成了TiO2/Fe3+光催化剂,利用XRD对产物晶体结构进行表征,研究在紫外光(365nm)照射下用合成的TiO2/Fe3+粉末催化降解亚甲基蓝的效果,分析了亚甲基蓝初始浓度、TiO2/Fe3+用量、掺Fe3+量、光照时间和溶液初始pH值等因素的影响;考察了溶液初始pH值对TiO2/Fe3+粉末的吸附性能和光催化活性的影响。结果表明:合成的TiO2/Fe3+晶体为锐钛矿型(A-TiO2)。在4mg/L的亚甲基蓝溶液(pH=8)中,加入掺Fe3+量0.8%(摩尔分数)合成的TiO2/Fe3+粉末使其用量为0.6g/L,室温下紫外光照反应6h,亚甲基蓝的降解率达到98.2%。在上述优化条件下,当溶液的pH<6时,催化剂对亚甲基蓝的吸附量和光催化效率均较低,且二者随pH升高而显著增加;当pH≥6时,对亚甲基蓝的吸附作用较大,因此较明显地提高了光催化活性。     

CuMnO2/TiO2复合光催化剂增效催化降解亚甲基蓝

首次利用旋涂法将CuMnO_2纳米晶负载于TiO_2纳米棒阵列薄膜上,制备出光催化性能增强的CuMnO_2/TiO_2复合光催化剂,并考察了样品对亚甲基蓝(MB)的光催化降解性能。研究结果表明,CuMnO_2纳米晶和TiO_2纳米棒之间形成p-n异质结结构,能够有效促进电子和空穴的分离,使得CuMnO_2/TiO_2复合光催化剂具有更高的光催化性能。采用浓度为0.25 g/L的CuMnO_2悬浮液制得的CuMnO_2/TiO_2复合材料的光催化降解效率最高,其光催化效率和表观速率分别为88%和0.298 6 h~(-1),较纯TiO_2提高约26%和80%。     

Ag-CNT/TiO_2复合电极对亚甲基蓝的光电催化降解作用(英文)

采用金属银修饰的碳纳米管制备了Ag-CNT/TiO2复合电极。利用X-射线衍射(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM),透射电子显微镜(TEM),和能量分散性X射线分析(EDX)对所制的Ag-CNT/TiO2复合材料进行了表征。结果表明:二氧化钛颗粒和金属银颗粒在碳纳米管上均匀分布,所制电极具有较高的光电催化性能。其对亚甲基蓝的光电催化降解归因于一种协同效应,即二氧化钛的光降解、碳纳米管网络的电子辅助、金属银的增强和外加电势的作用。尤其是,经银修饰的复合电极增强了其对亚甲基蓝的光电降解,且随银含量的增加其光电催化效果增加。     

负载TiO2的硅藻土对亚甲基蓝的光降解性能研究

硅藻土是一种天然生物成因的SiO₂. 采用硅藻土做载体,用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO₂/硅藻土复合光催化剂,TiO₂呈薄膜状负载在硅藻土上,部分团聚成颗粒状. 在紫外光条件下负载TiO₂硅藻土对亚甲基蓝具有良好的光催化降解性能,36h后对亚甲基蓝的脱除率为90％, 48h达到98％, 降解效果好. 纯硅藻土48h后对亚甲基蓝的脱除率仅为35％左右. 负载TiO₂硅藻土对亚甲基蓝的光降解性能受TiO₂的同质多像结构影响. 随着锐钛矿含量增加, 负载TiO₂硅藻土的光降解性能增强. 但是, 当温度进一步升高, TiO₂由锐钛矿型转化为金红石型, 负载TiO₂硅藻土的光降解性能随之降低. 添加H₂O₂明显提高亚甲基蓝溶液的降解效果.     

锌卟啉敏化TiO2光催化剂的原位法制备及其光催化性能研究

以锌卟啉为敏化剂,采用溶剂热法原位合成了锌卟啉敏化TiO2复合光催化剂。利用XRD、SEM、UV-Vis DRS和TG-DTA对所得锌卟啉-TiO2复合光催化剂进行了表征和分析。分析结果表明,采用原位合成法能使锌卟啉原位负载于TiO2表面,且未改变TiO2的晶型和形貌;锌卟啉的存在使TiO2在可见光区域出现吸收峰,采用原位合成法制备的金属卟啉敏化TiO2光催化剂相对于溶剂回流法制备金属卟啉敏化TiO2光催化剂有更好的热稳定性和更好的催化降解亚甲基蓝性能。     

我国几种含钛物料作为光催化材料降解亚甲基蓝的实验研究

半导体光催化氧化技术是一种新型的现代化水处理技术,对多种有机物有明显的降解效果,具有广泛的前景,近年来,半导体光催化氧化已成为光化学领域和环保领域中的研究热点之一.实验研究了处理后的几种含钛物料对水溶液中染料亚甲基蓝降解的过程,讨论了其光催化活性与其TiO2含量、溶液的PH值、氧化剂加入及外加电场的关系.结果表明五种含钛物料均具有光催化活性,光催化活性与其TiO2含量有关;降解染料亚甲基蓝时与溶液PH有关,PH=10时光催化效果最好;氧化剂加入、外加电场可提高光催化反应速度.     

Ag3PO4/羟基磷灰石复合光催化剂的制备及对亚甲基蓝的高效降解

以天然废弃物牡蛎壳为原料,利用沉淀法和水热法制备出高纯度的羟基磷灰石(HAP),负载Ag₃PO₄后制备出具有可见光响应的复合光催化剂Ag₃PO₄/HAP,并以亚甲基蓝（MB）为反应模型考察了不同催化剂的降解性能。利用SEM、TEM、XRD、BET、XPS、UV-Vis、电子自旋共振（ESR）等仪器对样品进行表征。结果表明,两种方法均可合成HAP材料,但水热法合成的材料纯度更高,且合成出了纳米等级的HAP;Ag₃PO₄的添加未改变HAP的组成和结构,却改善了材料对可见光的吸收性能。与沉淀法相比,水热法制备的HAP具有更好的吸附性能,其比表面积为46.63 m2·g-1;且随着Ag₃PO₄质量的增加,复合材料的比表面积逐渐增大。水热法制备的Ag₃PO₄/HAP表现出了较高的活性,其中1:2-Ag₃PO₄/HAP催化剂的表现更突出,在10 min时即可达到50%的降解率,并在40 min内达到完全降解;经自由基捕获实验证实,参与降解反应的主要活性物种为?O₂?和h+。      

TiO2纳米管的制备及光催化降解亚甲基蓝研究

以TiO2和NaOH为原料,采用水热法制备了TiO2纳米管(titania nanotube,简称TNT),通过X射线衍射(XRD)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)、BET比表面积测定等手段对其结构和性质进行了表征.以亚甲基蓝(methylene blue,简称MB)为模型反应物,考察了TiO2纳米管光催化降解MB的效果.研究结果表明,TiO2纳米管是在酸交换后形成的,400℃焙烧时,TiO2纳米管中出现锐钛矿相;制备的TiO2纳米管可有效地降解MB,TiO2纳米管光催化降解MB的效率与其锐钛矿相的含量有关.     

铁/石墨烯的制备及其对亚甲基蓝的吸附降解

目的合成铁/活性炭和铁/石墨烯材料,将其作为催化剂考察对水中亚甲基蓝染料的吸附和降解,制备出最优催化剂。方法探讨20℃时铁/活性炭和铁/石墨烯材料的吸附能力、降解能力以及双氧水用量对其降解效果的影响,并研究铁/活性炭和铁/石墨烯材料的吸附模式,计算动力学参数。结果当用相同质量、不同铁含量的铁/活性炭和铁/石墨烯材料吸附同一初始浓度的亚甲基蓝溶液时,纯活性炭和纯石墨烯的吸附效果最好,但其催化降解能力随铁含量的增大而增强。当铁的质量分数为20%时的铁/活性炭和铁/石墨烯为优选催化剂,其对亚甲基蓝的吸附符合Freundlich方程模型,倾向于多层吸附。铁(20%)/石墨烯催化分解双氧水的活化能大于铁(20%)/活性炭作用时的活化能。结论体系中活化能适度能避免双氧水过度快速分解,从而可增加其对亚甲基蓝的作用时间,提高体系的催化降解效果。     

Fabrication of TiO2 nanostructured films by spray deposition with high photocatalytic activity of methylene blue

TiO₂ films were successfully deposited onto hot quartz substrates by airbrush spraying using an aqueous dispersion. The films consisting of cubic or cauliflower-shaped structures expressed higher photodegradation efficiencies of methylene blue than those with prism-, flower- or fan-blade-shaped morphology due to the difference in the optical band gap energy. The photodegradation obeyed the pseudo-first-order Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model with apparent rate constants ranging from 3.95 × 10^− 3 to 19.38 × 10^− 3 min^− 1 based on the film surface morphology.     

Characterizing the discoloration of methylene blue in Fe/H2O systems

Methylene blue (MB) was used as a model molecule to characterize the aqueous reactivity of metallic iron in Fe⁰/H₂O systems. Likely discoloration mechanisms under used experimental conditions are: (i) adsorption onto Fe⁰ and Fe⁰ corrosion products (CP), (ii) co-precipitation with in situ generated iron CP, (iii) reduction to colorless leukomethylene blue (LMB). MB mineralization (oxidation to CO₂) is not expected. The kinetics of MB discoloration by Fe⁰, Fe₂O₃, Fe₃O₄, MnO₂, and granular activated carbon were investigated in assay tubes under mechanically non-disturbed conditions. The evolution of MB discoloration was monitored spectrophotometrically. The effect of availability of CP, Fe⁰ source, shaking rate, initial pH value, and chemical properties of the solution were studied. The results present evidence supporting co-precipitation of MB with in situ generated iron CP as main discoloration mechanism. Under high shaking intensities (>150 min⁻¹), increased CP generation yields a brownish solution which disturbed MB determination, showing that a too high shear stress induced the suspension of in situ generated corrosion products. The present study clearly demonstrates that comparing results from various sources is difficult even when the results are achieved under seemingly similar conditions. The appeal for an unified experimental procedure for the investigation of processes in Fe⁰/H₂O systems is reiterated.     

Effect of Fe-doped TiO2 nanoparticle derived from modified hydrothermal process on the photocatalytic degradation performance on methylene blue

Anatase Fe-doped TiO2 nanoparticles with 10-15 nm particles sizes were directly prepared with amorphous TiO2 nanoparticles and Fe(NO3)3.9H2O by hydrothermal method. The TiO2 crystallite grain sizes decreased with the increase of Fe contents. When Fe contents increased, the diffuse reflectance spectra of Fe-doped TiO2 nanoparticles displayed a red shift in the band gap transition. And the absorbing band edge moved to visible range when the Fe contents were more than 2 mol%. XPS analysis showed that Fe3+ was not on the surface of TiO2 nanoparticles, but inserting into the matrix interior. As a result, the photoactivity degradation of MB on Fe-doped TiO2 nanoparticles decreased.     

Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution by a solvothermal-synthesized graphene/magnetite composite

In this study, we have demonstrated a facile one-step solvothermal method for the synthesis of the graphene nanosheet (GNS)/magnetite (Fe(3)O(4)) composite. During the solvothermal treatment, in situ conversion of FeCl(3) to Fe(3)O(4) and simultaneous reduction of graphene oxide (GO) into graphene in ethylene glycol solution were achieved. Electron microscopy study suggests the Fe(3)O(4) spheres with a size of about 200 nm are uniformly distributed and firmly anchored on the wrinkled graphene layers with a high density. The resulting GNS/Fe(3)O(4) composite shows extraordinary adsorption capacity and fast adsorption rates for removal of organic dye, methylene blue (MB), in water. The adsorption kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics were investigated in detail to reveal that the kinetics and equilibrium adsorptions are well-described by pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm model, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters reveal that the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic in nature. This study shows that the as-prepared GNS/Fe(3)O(4) composite could be utilized as an efficient, magnetically separable adsorbent for the environmental cleanup.     

Synthesis of manganese vanadate nanobelts and their visible light photocatalytic activity for methylene blue

Manganese vanadate nanobelts have been synthesised by a simple hydrothermal process using polymer polyvinyl pyrrolidone as the surfactant by adjusting the pH value. The X-ray diffraction, selected area electron diffraction and the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) show that the manganese vanadate nanobelts are composed of a single crystalline monoclinic Mn₂V₂O₇ phase. Scanning electron microscopy and TEM observations show that the thickness, width and length of the nanobelts are 20 nm, 350 nm–1 μm and several dozens to several hundreds of micrometres, respectively. The photocatalytic activities of the manganese vanadate nanobelts have been evaluated by the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) in an aqueous solution as a model pollutant under the solar light irradiation. After 4 h of the irradiation by the solar light, the MB solution with the volume of 10 mL and the concentration of 10 mg·mL^?1 can be totally degraded using 10 mg manganese vanadate nanobelts.     

TiO2/膨胀石墨复合材料的制备及其对亚甲基兰的光催化降解

采用快速升温法制备出以膨胀石墨为载体的TiO2/膨胀石墨光催化剂,用SEM及XRD对其表面形貌及结构进行表征,研究了该负载型光催化剂在紫外光照射下的催化能力,探讨了在催化剂中TiO2的负载量、亚甲基兰溶液的初始浓度及其pH值对光催化剂的降解能力的影响.结果发现,负载量为10%的光催化剂对40mg/L的亚甲基兰溶液5h的光降解率达到58.8%.     

Synthesis,characterization and photocatalytic activity of ZnO-SnO2 nanocomposites

Nanocomposites of coupled ZnO-SnO₂ photocatalysts were synthesized by the coprecipitation method and were characterized by X-ray diffraction, UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, surface area analyzer and scanning electron microscopy. Their photocatalytic activity was investigated under UV, visible and solar light and evaluated using methylene blue (MB) as a model pollutant. The performance of the coupled ZnO-SnO₂ photocatalysts was found to be related to the Zn/Sn molar ratio and to the calcination conditions. The photocatalyst with a Zn/Sn molar ratio of 1:0.05 calcined at 600 °C for 2 h showed the maximum degradation rate of MB under different lights used. Its photocatalytic activity was found to be about two times that of ZnO and about 10 times that of SnO₂ which can be explained by the heterojunction effect. Charge separation mechanism has been studied.     

Photocatalytic decolorization of methylene blue in the presence of TiO2/ZnS nanocomposites

The synthesis of distinct nanocrystalline TiO2 capped ZnS samples was carried out using a chemical deposition method. The materials characterization showed that the presence of ZnS onto TiO2 surface results in a red shift of the material band edge when compared with the initial semiconductor. The photocatalytic activity of the prepared nanocomposites was tested on the decolorization of methylene blue (MB) aqueous solutions. The dye photodecolorization process was studied considering the influence of experimental parameters such as catalyst concentration, TiO2/ZnS ratio, pH and methylene blue adsorption rate. The material with the best catalytic activity towards the methylene blue photodecolorization was the TiO2 doped with 0.2% of ZnS. The complete photodecolorization of a 20ppm methylene blue solution, at natural pH was achieved in less than 20min, nearly 70min faster than the TiO2 photoassisted process.