广西珊瑚姜精油成分GC-MS分析及抑菌活性研究

以广西珊瑚姜精油为实验材料,测定该产区珊瑚姜精油的成分以及对巨大芽孢杆菌、球毛壳霉菌等8种菌的抑菌性能.采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对精油的成分进行测定并分析,通过纸片扩散法测定抑菌能力,利用试管稀释法测定最小杀菌浓度和最小抑菌浓度(MIC).结果显示,该产区珊瑚姜精油中共检测出36种化学成分,其主要成分包括...     

绿豆蔻植物精油的提取、成分分析及抑菌活性研究

为了研究绿豆蔻精油的化学成分以及抑菌活性,本文采用水蒸气盐析辅助蒸馏法提取绿豆蔻精油,通过气相色谱-质谱联用法（GC-MS）对绿豆蔻精油成分进行分析;并以枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌为供菌种,测定绿豆蔻精油的抑菌活性。结果表明,绿豆蔻的最佳提取工艺条件为：Na Cl浓度为5%,液料比为12∶1(m L∶g),提取时间为3.0 h,在此条件下,精油的提取率最高可达5.6%;对绿豆蔻精油进行GC-MS分析,检测出20种化合物,其中萜类化合物18种;进一步的抑菌活性研究显示,绿豆蔻精油对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、沙门氏菌均有良好的抑菌作用,其中对大肠杆菌的抑菌效果最好。     

九里香不同来源品种的鉴别研究

目的：通过对九里香的生药学研究,比较不同来源九里香的区别,为该药的鉴定及正确使用提供科学依据。方法：比较九里香和千里香的性状、叶片横切面显微、粉末显微等鉴别法的差异,主要研究了薄层色谱鉴别法的效果,以甲醇为溶剂,采用超声提取法制备供试品溶液,以九里香酮作为对照品,将三种溶液各以1μL,分别点于同一以羧甲基纤维素钠为黏合剂的硅胶G薄层板上,以二氯甲烷-甲醇(40∶1)为展开剂,置紫外光灯(365nm)下检视。结果：九里香和千里香在性状对比上,两种叶片形状有些许差异,且两种叶片的最宽处位置不一。在显微对比上,叶横切面显微观察可油细胞数量和、大小、位置存在差异,但粉末鉴别上区别不大。在薄层色谱鉴别方面,以九里香酮作为对照品可知,千里香含有九里香酮,而九里香内则不含该成分。结论：九里香与千里香作为两种不同来源的品种,在性状、显微、薄层等方面都具有较大的差异,该文建立的方法便捷、科学、可行,因此,采用性状鉴别法、显微鉴别法、薄层色谱鉴别法可有效鉴别九里香和千里香。     

也黄中活性成分的提取及抑菌实验研究

利用4种不同极性溶剂（石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇）浸泡地黄,对地黄不同极性段成分进行提取,得到不同极性段成分的各种浸膏。通过硅胶柱层析对浸膏进行分离浓缩,用纸碟法研究其不同极性段成分的抗菌活性,实验结果表明,氯仿浸膏60％石油醚一40％氯仿洗脱液、20％石油醚一80％氯仿洗脱液,乙酸乙酯浸膏,正丁醇浸膏等对大肠杆菌、金色葡萄球菌、枯草杆菌等有较好的抑菌活性。     

薏苡茎脂溶性成分GC-MS分析及抑菌活性研究

采用95%乙醇提取,石油醚萃取得到薏苡茎脂溶性成分,经GC-MS分析,鉴定出23种成分,占总量的87.12%,主要有脂肪酸、酯类、醛类等化合物。通过滤纸片琼脂扩散法测定脂溶性成分对4种细菌的抑制作用,以碘伏作为阳性对照,结果表明脂溶性成分对表皮葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌有很好的抑制作用,对伤寒杆菌的抑制作用也有一定的抑制作用。     

满山香精油和金橘精油的成分分析及其抗氧化性能研究

采用气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)对满山香和金橘精油的化学成分进行分析,并采用DPPH自由基(DPPH·)清除法、ABTS自由基阳离子(ABTS⁺·)清除法对精油及其主要单体的抗氧化性能进行了研究。结果表明,满山香精油鉴定出49个组分的化学成分,占总含量的70.86%,其主要成分为葎草烯(11.71%)和石竹烯(9.22%);金橘精油经鉴定出28种组分,占总含量的96.31%,其主要成分为柠檬烯(70.15%)。满山香精油和金橘精油对DPPH·和ABTS+·)清除法对精油及其主要单体的抗氧化性能进行了研究。结果表明,满山香精油鉴定出49个组分的化学成分,占总含量的70.86%,其主要成分为葎草烯(11.71%)和石竹烯(9.22%);金橘精油经鉴定出28种组分,占总含量的96.31%,其主要成分为柠檬烯(70.15%)。满山香精油和金橘精油对DPPH·和ABTS⁺·具有清除活性,其中满山香精油清除DPPH·和ABTS+·具有清除活性,其中满山香精油清除DPPH·和ABTS⁺·的IC_(50)值分别为12.75 mg/mL和1.30 mg/mL;金橘精油清除DPPH·和ABTS+·的IC_(50)值分别为12.75 mg/mL和1.30 mg/mL;金橘精油清除DPPH·和ABTS⁺·自由基的IC_(50)值分别为22.34 mg/mL和3.33 mg/mL。     

甜橙精油的挥发性成分分析及抗氧化和抑菌活性研究

使用GC-MS联用技术对甜橙精油进行分析,从中鉴定了24种化学成分,占总含量的92.24%。主要成分为柠檬烯,达到了78.24%;其次为β-蒎烯、(+)-柠檬烯-1,2-环氧化物、β-水芹烯、芳樟醇、α-蒎烯,含量依次为3.22%,1.89%,1.45%,1.28%,1.05%。甜橙精油的DPPH抗氧化研究表明,甜橙精油具有体外清除DPPH自由基的能力,且DPPH自由基的清除能力与精油浓度呈正相关,在精油浓度20%～100%范围内,y=55.11x+12.48,R2=0.994。抗菌实验结果显示,甜橙精油对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和白色念珠菌等具有一定的抗菌能力。     

凤眼草抑菌活性成分的研究

对苦木科臭椿属植物臭椿的果实凤眼草(Ailanthus altissima)的95％乙醇提取液的抑菌活性进行了研究.利用系统溶剂萃取法得到了石油醚提取物、氯仿提取物、乙酸乙酯提取物和正丁醇提取物,重点研究了4种提取物对枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌性和最低抑菌浓度.结果表明,乙酸乙酯提取物和正丁醇提取物均...     

金银忍冬提取物的挥发性成分及抑菌活性分析

采用索氏提取法,以正己烷为溶剂,提取金银忍冬鲜叶和鲜花中的活性物质,通过气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）法分析其挥发性化学成分并通过抑菌活性实验分析其抑菌活性。分析结果表明：金银忍冬鲜叶提取物中GC含量最高的化合物是（-）-异长叶醇（22.63%）,其次是2,7,10-三甲基-十二烷（10.48%）。金银忍冬鲜花提取物中GC含量最高的化合物是2,7,10-三甲基-十二烷（14.16%）,其次是邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（9.60%）。金银忍冬鲜叶提取物质量浓度为0.19 g/mL时,对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用最明显,抑菌圈直径达到13.81±1.48 mm;金银忍冬鲜花提取物在质量浓度0.027 5~0.22 g/mL范围内,对大肠杆菌有较好的抑制作用。根据半数抑制浓度比较提取物对3种供试菌种的抑制能力,结果显示金银忍冬鲜叶及其鲜花提取物对3种实验菌的抑制效果顺序均为金黄色葡萄球菌>大肠杆菌>枯草芽孢杆菌。     

Antitermitic and Antifungal Activities of Essential Oil of Calocedrus formosana Leaf and Its Composition

Calocedrus formosana Florin (Cupressaceae) is an endemic tree species in Taiwan; its timber is recognized for natural decay resistance. To examine the antitermitic and antifungal activities of leaf essential oil and its main constituents, C. formosana leaves were extracted and the essential oils analyzed by GC-MS. Bioactivity tests against the termite Coptotermes formosanus demonstrate that the LC50 value of leaf essential oil is 27.6 mg/g. Furthermore, exposure to T-muurolol caused 100% mortality at a dosage of 5 mg/g after 14 d. Leaf oil constituents displayed activity against four fungi, Lenzites betulina, Pycnoporus coccineus, Trametes versicolor, and Laetiporus sulphureus. Two compounds, alpha-cadinol and T-muurolol, exhibited the strongest antifungal activity. The LC50 values of alpha-cadinol against L. sulphureus, L. betulina, and T. versicolor are 9.9, 28.6, and 30.4 microg/ml, respectively.     

Antifungal Activities and Chemical Composition of Wood and Leaf Essential Oils from Cunninghamia konishii

Abstract

In this study antifungal activities of essential oils from wood and leaf and their constituents of Cunninghamia konishii against four wood decay fungi and six plant pathogenic fungi were investigated. GC and GC-MS analyses show that the major compounds of wood essential oil were cedrol and α-pinene, while those of leaf essential oil were α-pinene and p-cymene. Antifungal tests demonstrated the wood oil from C. konishii used against Trametes versicolor, Lenzites betulina, Laetiporus sulphureus, and Gloeophyllum trabeum and leaf oil from C. konishii used against L. sulphureus had strong antifungal activities. Moreover, wood oil used against Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium solani, Pestalotiopsis funereal, and Ganoderma australe also had strong antifungal activities. Among the seven constituents of wood oil, cedrol displayed the best antifungal properties, indicating that it may be used as potential antifungal agents for the control of fungal diseases in plants.     

Composition and Antifungal Activity of the Essential Oil of the Brazilian Chenopodium ambrosioides L.

The antifungal activity of essential oil (EO) from the Brazilian epazote (Chenopodium ambrosioides L.) was evaluated by the poison food assay at concentrations of 0.3%, 0.1%, and 0.05% with eight postharvest deteriorating fungi (Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus glaucus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus ochraceous, Colletotrichum gloesporioides, Colletotrichum musae, Fusarium oxysporum, and Fusarium semitectum). EO components were tentatively identified by Kováts retention indices (RIs) using gas chromatography and gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Growth of all fungi was completely inhibited at 0.3% concentration, and by 90% to 100% at 0.1% concentration. The following 13 tentatively identified compounds (relative percent) accounted for 90.4% of the total volatile oil: alpha-terpinene (0.9), p-cymene (2.0), benzyl alcohol (0.3), p-cresol (0.3), p-mentha-1,3,8-triene (0.2), p-cimen-8-ol (0.6), alpha-terpineol (0.5), (Z)-ascaridole (61.4), piperitone (0.9), carvacrol (3.9), (E)-ascaridole (18.6), (E)-piperitol acetate (0.5), and (Z)-carvyl acetate (0.3). Autobiographic thin layer chromatography of the EO to separate the principal fungitoxic fraction yielded only one fraction that completely inhibited the growth of all test fungi at a concentration of 0.1%. This fraction was characterized by RIs and GC-MS presenting a composition (%) of p-cymene (25.4), (Z)-ascaridole (44.4), and (E)-ascaridole (30.2). The results suggest ascaridoles were the principal fungitoxic components of the EO.     

紫茉莉提取物的抑菌活性

紫茉莉是紫菜莉科的一种多年生草本植物.通过对其根、茎与叶提取物抑菌活性的室内测试结果表明:紫茉莉根甲醇提取物与茎甲醇提取物对梨黑斑病菌和西瓜炭疽病菌菌丝生长具有较好的抑制作用.其巾根甲醇提取物对以上2种病原真菌菌丝生长的抑菌率分别为85.49%和84.78%、茎甲醇提取物为98.36%和75.38%;此外,该2种提取物对梨黑斑病菌、西瓜炭疽病菌与草莓灰霉病菌孢子的萌发也具有较好的抑制效果.前者对以上3种病原真菌孢子萌发的抑制率依次为90,50%、73.39%、77.94%;后者分别为89.91%、84.03%和75.90%.     

落地生根萃取物的抑菌活性

[目的]比较落地生根根、茎、芽和花各萃取相提取物的抑菌活性,进一步明确起抑菌作用的活性成分,为以后的分离打下基础.[方法]以番茄早疫病菌、水稻立枯病菌为指示菌,采用生长速率法和孢子萌发法,测定各自的抑菌活性.[结果]落地生根芽氯仿萃取物对2种菌的菌丝生长和孢子萌发具有较好的抑制作用,菌丝生长抑制率分别为92.41%和89.22%,孢子的萌发抑制率依次为91.85%、86.11%.[结论]芽氯仿相萃取物的抑菌效果最好,表明落地生根植物中起抑菌作用的活性成分主要集中在芽部位,且抑菌活性成分主要为弱极性物质.     

八宝景天叶乙醇提取物的抑真菌活性

[方法]采用菌丝生长速率法研究了八宝景天叶乙醇提取物对9种植物病原真菌的抑制作用,同时采用菌丝生长速率和孢子萌发2种方法测定其对玉米弯孢病菌的抑菌活性。[结果]在质量浓度为200 g/L时,对9种植物病原真菌均有一定的抑制作用,且抑制率均达75%以上,其中对玉米弯孢病菌的抑制作用最强,抑制率为82.27%,对其孢子萌发的抑菌活性高于对其菌丝生长的抑菌活性,EC50值分别为74.18、66.53 g/L。[结论]八宝景天叶有着良好的抑菌效果,具有很好的开发价值。     

金刚藤挥发油成分的分析研究

通过水蒸汽蒸馏法提取金刚藤的挥发油,利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)技术,对其化学成分进行定性和定量分析,共鉴定出棕榈酸、2-己酰基呋喃、乙酰基丁香油酚等35种组分,占总含量的96.2％.     

Extraction,Chemical Composition,and Antifungal Activity of Essential Oil of Bitter Almond

The essential oil from the powder residual of dried bitter almond, a novel and environmentally-friendly fungicide, was successfully extracted in a 0.7% yield by hydro-distillation under optimized conditions. The chemical composition of bitter almond essential oil (BAEO) was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Twenty-one different components representing 99.90% of the total essential oil were identified, of which benzaldehyde (62.52%), benzoic acid (14.80%), and hexadecane (3.97%) were the most abundant components. Furthermore, the in vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of BAEO against common plant pathogenic fungi were evaluated by the mycelium linear growth rate method and pot test, respectively. It was documented that 1 mg/mL of BAEO could variously inhibit all tested pathogenic fungi with the inhibition rates of 44.8%~100%. Among the tested 19 strains of fungi, the median effective concentration (EC₅₀) values of BAEO against Alternaria brassicae and Alternaria solani were only 50.2 and 103.2 μg/mL, respectively, which were higher than those of other fungi. The in vivo antifungal activity of BAEO against Gloeosporium orbiculare was much higher than Blumeria graminis. The protective efficacy for the former was up to 98.07% at 10 mg/mL and the treatment efficacy was 93.41% at 12 mg/mL. The above results indicated that BAEO has the great potential to be developed as a botanical and agricultural fungicide.     

环氧油脂肪酸组成分析研究

通过薄层色谱、气相色谱、色质联用等技术,首次得到了油脂环氧化反应期间的脂肪酸环氧化反应规律:开始反应阶段,高含量不饱和脂肪酸反应速率高于低含量不饱和脂肪酸;环氧化反应期间,多不饱和脂肪酸首先生成单环氧酸,之后再逐渐生成二环氧酸,最后生成三环氧酸;富含亚麻酸的油脂环氧化反应时有更易于开环反应的趋向,其次是富含亚油酸的油脂,再次是富含油酸的油脂.实验结果表明,不同环氧油原料在进行环氧化反应时需要控制不同的反应条件,以避免开环副产物量的增加,从而制备得优质环氧油产品.     

微波提取温莪术挥发油及其成分分析

研究了微波萃取技术提取温莪术挥发油的方法并分析了挥发油的成分及含量,对萃取功率、萃取时间和投料比进行了单因素考察,根据考察结果选择粉碎度、萃取时间和萃取功率进行正交实验设计,确定出微波萃取挥发油的最佳工艺条件,以出油率为指标与水蒸气蒸馏法和超临界CO2萃取法进行比较,并且用气质联用（GC-MS）分析比较挥发油的成分和含量。结果表明,微波萃取法的最佳工艺为小于38μm的莪术细粉加8倍量石油醚在700W的功率下萃取550s,其出油率为4.70%,挥发油中含姜黄醇、大根香叶酮和β-榄香烯,含量分别为0.82%、3.80%和1.94%。该方法提取速率快,出油率高,有效成分含量也较高,且挥发油质量较好,是较为理想的一种提取方法。