纳米银的合成及其UV-Vis光谱特性

作为贵金属纳米材料,纳米银在许多领域的广泛应用而成为当今纳米科学最感兴趣的研究对象.简单介绍了纳米银的合成方法如光化学法、超声辅助还原法、电化学还原法、模板法、辐射还原法和生物化学法,主要讨论了化学还原法和微乳液法以及纳米银合成研究的一些进展.光谱吸收是纳米银的重要性质,UV-Vis特征光谱是研究纳米银的形成和纳米晶生长的重要手段,因此详细评述了纳米银的光谱特性,最后,对它们的研究发展趋势进行了展望.     

纳米银粉的制备及其应用研究进展

本文分类总结了20世纪90年代以来国内纳米片状银粉和球形银粉的制备方法,包括还原球磨法、光诱导法、化学还原法、液相还原法、液-固相还原法、喷雾热分解法、蒸发冷凝法及雾化法等,比较了各种方法的优缺点,展望了纳米银粉制备技术的发展,同时,论述了纳米银粉现有的和潜在的用途.     

多形貌纳米银的可控合成研究进展

按纳米粒子的维度分别介绍了纳米银的合成方法及研究现状。分析了纳米银制备过程中存在的不足,展望了多形貌纳米银可控合成的发展趋势,提出了纳米银产业化进程中存在的一些问题,认为多形貌纳米银是实现未来纳米器件多功能化的重要材料     

Ni-Al-Co复合空心微珠的制备与吸波性能研究

晶型可控纳米银的合成正受到越来越多的关注,采用液相化学还原法,在温和的水溶液中用水合胼还原AgNO3,PVP作保护剂,单纯改变加料方式,成功制备了球形、三角形、六边形、圆盘状等均一或者混合形貌的纳米银分散液,用粒度分析仪、紫外-可见光分光光度计(UV-Vis)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等进行表征.结果表明,随着加料方式的改变,得到了球形,球形与片状共存的纳米银分散液,片状纳米银颗粒比例占到50％左右.     

生物法制备纳米银溶胶的稳定性

利用生物还原法制备纳米银溶胶,借助于UV-Vis表征技术对其热稳定性和化学稳定性进行考察。结果表明：生物法制备的纳米银溶胶在100 ℃下加热6 h,UV-Vis谱图未发生明显变化;H＋和具有高价阳离子的电解质对其稳定性的影响明显;OH－对银溶胶的稳定性影响相对较弱。生物法制备的纳米银溶胶在热稳定性、化学稳定性方面均略优于柠檬酸三钠法制得的银溶胶     

化学法制备形状可控纳米银的研究进展

主要介绍了化学法制备形状可控纳米银的研究进展,对球形、线状、片状、立方状及树枝状纳米银的合成方法和工艺进行了总结归纳,讨论了影响纳米银形貌的主要因素并提出相应的解决措施.     

晶型可控纳米银合成的简单方法及表征

晶型可控纳米银的合成正受到越来越多的关注,采用液相化学还原法,在温和的水溶液中用水合肼还原AgNO3,PVP作保护剂,单纯改变加料方式,成功制备了球形、三角形、六边形、圆盘状等均一或者混合形貌的纳米银分散液,用粒度分析仪、紫外-可见光分光光度计(UV-Vis)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等进行表征。结果表明,随着加料方式的改变,得到了球形,球形与片状共存的纳米银分散液,片状纳米银颗粒比例占到50%左右。     

柠檬酸钠-施氏假单胞菌还原制备纳米银及抑菌活性研究

以硝酸银为原料,利用柠檬酸钠联合施氏假单胞菌还原法制备纳米银,并对纳米银的紫外吸收特性、微观形貌、物相组成,以及其稳定性和抑菌性进行了分析。结果表明,与单独柠檬酸钠制备的纳米银相比,联合还原法制备的纳米银有明显的紫外吸收峰,其粒径的整体大小减小了约10倍,稳定性同步增强,制备效率提高了26.7%;抑菌实验表明,联合法制备的纳米银对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌性分别提高了62.5%和77.5%。     

脱合金法制备纳米多孔泡沫钛合金

双金属纳米颗粒由于其可调的显微结构和优异性能引起了人们的普遍关注.本文综述了双金属纳米颗粒近年来的研究现状.总结了化学还原法,多元醇还原法,置换反应法和微波辅助加热法制备双金属纳米颗粒的研究成果,并提出了双金属纳米颗粒目前研究中存在的问题和今后潜在的发展方向.     

《贵金属》2006年目录

篇名年,卷(期):页码…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………贵金属冶金学广西某锰银矿银的赋存状态研究氯酸钠氧化法从废氧化铝—铂催化剂中提取铂纳米银粉的制备及其应用研究进展200620062006272727(1)(1)(1)1657纳米银粉的制备及表征采用有机还原剂化学还原法制备钠米银粉的研究铱溶液中氢还原分离微量铑的研究富硫高砷难浸金精矿的氰化浸出工艺研究200620062006200627272727(2)(2)(2)(3)1143513合成亚砜BSO萃取分离钯铂的性能研究乙二醇水热还原法制备纳米银湿法…     

Size dependence of the phase composition of silver nanoparticles formed by the electric explosion of a wire

Transmission electron microscopy, selected-area electron diffraction, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) have been used to determine the morphological and phase features of silver nanoparticles synthesized by a physical method of electric explosion of silver wires. In the nanoparticles obtained, the presence of a hexagonal phase was detected besides the cubic phase and the size dependence of the phase composition of the nanoparticles has been revealed; all particles smaller than 25 nm only had a hexagonal structure, particles with sizes of 25–30 nm contained both the hexagonal and cubic phases, and particles larger than 30 nm had only a cubic structure. Based on an analysis of the conditions of synthesis of silver nanoparticles, an attempt to explain the mechanism of the stabilization of the hexagonal phase depending on the particle size was undertaken.     

低温烧结纳米银膏研究进展

金属纳米颗粒因尺寸效应可在较低温度下实现烧结,并表现出优异的电热学性能、机械可靠性和耐高温性能,成为适配第三代半导体的关键封装材料. 其中,银因具有高抗氧化性的优势被广泛研究,并成功应用于商业应用中. 基于功率器件封装领域,总结了低温烧结纳米银膏的研究现状,并从纳米银颗粒的烧结机制、制备方法、性能优化、烧结方法、可靠性及商业应用等方面展开说明. 结果表明,随着对烧结理论的进一步认识,可以有目的性地优化纳米银颗粒的尺寸和表面修饰,同时基于纳米银颗粒衍生出新型的产品,以适应不同的烧结工艺和性能要求.     

控制剂碳酸钠辅助微波合成球形纳米银颗粒

在聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)存在下,以无水Na2CO3为控制剂,利用微波辅助多元醇法快速加热还原硝酸银制备了球形Ag纳米颗粒,研究了Na2CO3的添加量对球形Ag纳米颗粒大小的影响。用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、X射线衍射(XRD)和紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)对制备的银纳米颗粒的形貌、组分、粒径和相结构进行了表征。结果表明,制备的Ag纳米颗粒的平均粒径随着Na2CO3添加量的增大而逐渐减小。     

Significant Parameters in the Optimization of Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Chemical Reduction Method

Silver nanoparticles of narrow size distributions were synthesized by reduction of highly concentrated silver nitrate (AgNO₃) solution with sodium hypophosphite (NaH₂PO₂ · H₂O) in the presence of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP). An orthogonal experimental design (OED) with L₉ orthogonal array was employed as a chemometric method to optimize the experimental conditions for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Particle size of silver nanoparticles was considered as the defining characteristics. The concentration of reducing agent, weight ratio of AgNO₃ to protecting agent, and temperature were optimized using a three-level OED and nine experiments. The particle size was characterized to optimize the synthesis conditions. The concentration of reducing agent emerged as the most important parameter influencing the particle size. The temperature also influenced the particle size. Based on 1 M AgNO₃ solution and 0.1 M NaH₂PO₂ · H₂O, 1.7 g silver nanoparticles of 10-50 nm were obtained from 3.4 g silver nitrate with weight ratio of PVP/AgNO₃ equal to unity at 40 °C.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles and Silver Inks: Review on the Past and Recent Technology Roadmaps

The synthesis of silver nanoparticles for silver ink formation has attracted broad interest in the electronic part printing and semiconductor chip industry due to the extraordinary electrical and mechanical properties of these materials. The preparation of silver nanoparticles through a physical or chemical reduction process is the most common methodology applied to obtain nanoparticles with the required size, shape and surface morphology. The chemical solution or solvent carrier applied for silver ink formulation must be applied simultaneously with the direct writing technique to produce the desired adherence, viscosity, and reliable performance. This review paper discusses the details concerning the past and recent advancement of the synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles and silver ink formation. A review on the advantages of various sintering techniques, which aim to achieve the electrical and mechanical properties of the required printed structure, is also included. A brief summary concerning the recent challenges and improvement approaches is presented at the end of this review.     

Formation of nanoparticles and nanorods via UV irradiation of AgNO3 solutions

The synthesis of silver nanoparticles via UV irradiation of AgNO₃ solutions was controlled by using UV–vis absorption spectra and TEM (transmission electron microscope) images. The UV–vis absorption method is good enough for the general control of synthesis process, and TEM images give us information about size of formed species. For investigated solutions of silver nitrate in ethanol and water, we observed formation of large nanoparticles (size about 100 nm) and nanorods (100 nm in length). Moreover, there was effort to confirm evidence of formation of these particles by using TOF mass spectrometer. Due to laser desorption/ionization process there is only evidence of small silver nanoparticles Ag_x, x ≤ 4 (clusters), and variety of silver compounds Ag_xN_yO_z (x ≤ 5, y ≤ 2, z ≤ 3).     

非水溶液体系中晶种法制备球形银纳米颗粒

以丙三醇作溶剂,硝酸银为原料,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为分散剂,硼氢化钠为还原剂制备了银纳米晶种;以此银纳米粒子作为初级晶种,以丙三醇作溶剂和还原剂,通过升温提高丙三醇的还原性制备银纳米颗粒。研究分散剂种类、生长液银浓度、晶种加入量对银粉的影响,采用X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)对制备产物的结构、物相、形貌进行表征。结果表明,通过改变条件可以制备出分散性良好、粒径均匀的70 nm左右的球形银粉。     

Room-temperature synthesis of gold nanoparticles — Size-control by slow addition

We report a simple and rapid process for the roomtemperature synthesis of gold nanoparticles using tannic acid, a green reagent, as both the reducing and stabilising agent. We systematically investigated the effect of pH on the size distribution of nanoparticles synthesized. Based on induction time and σ-potential measurements, we show that particle size distribution is controlled by a fine balance between the rates of reduction (determined by the initial pH of reactants) and coalescence (determined by the pH of the reaction mixture) in the initial period of growth. This insight led to the optimal batch process for size-controlled synthesis of 2–10 nm gold nanoparticles — slow addition (within 10 minutes) of chloroauric acid into tannic acid.     

Enviro-Friendly Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Berberis lycium Leaf Extract and Their Antibacterial Efficacy

In the present study,an enviro-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Berberis lycium Royle leaf extract and their antibacterial efficacy against five pathogenic bacteria were investigated.This biosynthesis technique is proved to be advantageous over physical and chemical methods as no toxic chemicals are used.The structural and morphological characterization was made by UV-visible spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy,and transmission electron microscopy.The synthesized nanoparticles were oval,rectangular,and spherical in shape,size ranges from 8 to 100 nm and exhibited an absorption peak at 458 nm.The biosynthesized silver nanoparticles have shown good antibacterial effect toward tested bacteria.It is believed that these biosynthesized silver nanoparticles can play a vital role in nano-based products in future.