基于非线性时间序列分析的绝缘子污闪预测研究

To solve the problem of the flashover forecasting of contaminated or polluted insulator,a flashover forecasting model of contaminated insulators based on nonlinear time series analysis is proposed in the paper.The ESDD is the key of flashover on polluted insulator.The ESDD value of insulator can be forecasted by the method of nonlinear time series analysis of the ESDD time series and a forecasting model of polluted insulator flashover is proposed in the paper.The forecasting model consists of two artificial neural networks that reflect relationship of environment,ESDD and flashover probability.The first is used to estimate the ESDD time series of insulator and the second is employed to calculate the probability of the flashover.A series of artificial pollution tests show that the results of the forecasting model is acceptable.     

风沙条件下的平板模型直流沿面放电特性

The influence of sand dust on discharge of external insulation has caused widespread concern.At present,the research results show wind-sand electricity has a remarkable effect on the discharge characteristics of insulator and has little influence on the discharge characteristics of air gap.The flashover of insulator strings occurs along the insulator surface and air gaps,and the sand dust deposited on the insulator surface may affect the flashover characteristics of insulator strings.This paper studies the flashover characteristics of flat plate model under DC voltage in wind-sand condition.The experimental results show that under positive polarity voltage,the flashover voltage of the flat plate model has a maximum value,while under negative polarity voltage,the flashover voltage of the flat plate model has a minimum value with a certain degree of sand dust deposition.The wind or sand in sand-dust weather has an important effect on the flashover characteristics of the flat plate model.In certain variation range of electric charge,electric charge of sand dust has little effect on the flashover voltage of flat plate model under DC voltage.The deposition of sand has significant influence on the flashover process of flat plate model,which is related to the deposition density and moisture content of sand particle.     

多层有机绝缘结构真空沿面闪络特性和机理研究(英文)

In order to further investigate the surface flashover mechanism in vacuum, the surface flashover and electric field distribution of multilayer organic insulation structure are studied and developed based on the previous studies. The samples of multilayer organic insulation structure are prepared by inserting multilayer organic composite material with different relative permittivity between the electrode and the dielectric. Two multilayer organic insulation structures are prepared in this study. One is the cylindrical samples, the other is 45° samples. The impulse (1.2/50 μs) and DC flashover voltages in vacuum are tested, and the electric field distributions of two insulation structures are analyzed by ANSYS. It is found that these two insulation structure could effectively improve the surface flashover performance in vacuum. The results indicate that the highest impulse first flashover voltage of cylindrical samples reaches 65 kV and increases by 25% under im- pulse voltage. The highest first flashover voltage of /c samples reaches 81 kV and increases by 32% under impulse voltage. The results of electric field simulation demonstrate that different mechanisms exist between 45° insulation structure and cylindrical structure.     

高海拔地区±800kV特高压直流线路复合绝缘子悬挂方式对污闪电压的影响(英文)

To solve the contamination flashover problem for transmission lines in high-altitudes area,an analysis of the flashover performance of contaminated ±800 kV ultra high voltage(UHV) DC composite insulators of various suspension modes at a high altitude(2 100 m) is presented.The 50% withstand voltage(U50%) was determined by the up-and-down method.Experimental results show that suspension modes play an important role in the flashover performance since DC arcs detach from the insulator surfaces more easily at high altitudes than at sea level.Flashover voltages of the long string composite insulators gradually decreased with salt deposit density(SDD).The flashover voltage of type II string is by 4.6% lower than that of type I string.For type V string,the ionized air could more easily diffuse away from the insulator surface,while producing a higher utilization ratio of the leakage distance.Therefore the flashover voltage of type V string is by 8.7%～14.4% higher than that of type I string.Type Y string configuration appears to lead to much lower flashover voltages than type I and V string configurations.     

2000～2007年输电线路雷击闪络统计分析(英文)

Lightning stroke is one of the important causes of the accidents that occur on transmission lines. With the development of power system, the proportion of outages on transmission lines because of lightning stroke also increases. And according to the lightning accidents results, the lightning stroke characteristics is related to the time factors tightly. In order to analyze the correlativity between the lightning flashover amount and the time factors, about 425 times lightning flashover on 187 lines in 10 power supply companies of 220 kV and 500 kV transmission lines during 2000～2007 are investigated in this paper. The correlativity between the lightning flashover amount and the time factors is analyzed. According to the lightning stroke accidents investigation records, the lightning flashover amount of transmission line increases from the year of 2000 to 2007. In each year lightning flashovers mostly happen in the month of June, July and August. Similarly in each day the flashover amount also varies with the time of day obviously. These lightning flashovers mainly occur during 14:00～21:00 in the afternoon. The analysis results in this paper have a good agreement with the meteorological observations and lightning detection data of lightning location system (LLS). And these results provide good reference for the lightning protection work in power system.     

基于运行电压下泄漏电流的交流污闪电压预测(英文)

This paper presented a model to predict the AC flashover voltage of contaminated suspension insulators.The prediction method is based on the maximum leakage current under AC operating voltage.Three kinds of widely used suspension insulators were tested in various contamination states such as pollution layers with different equivalent salt deposit density(ESDD),different composition of the conductive components,different non-soluble deposit density(NSDD) and different pollution distribution states to simulate the contamination states in nature.The effective ESDD was proposed and calculated.Influences of contamination states to maximum leakage current and flashover voltage were studied.Then,the relationships between flashover voltage and leakage current in these states were presented.Finally,considering the difference of insulator profiles,a new parameter is defined and a model to estimate the flashover voltage based on this parameter is developed.The model could be used in all kinds of suspension insulators in different contamination states and was validated by the test results.     

基于ATP-EMTP的±500kV直流线路雷击事故仿真分析(英文)

This paper calculates and researches on lightning accident of ±500 kV Xing-An DC transmission line in Guangdong based on ATP-EMTP and the simulation calculation model of the HVDC has been constructed. The results show that: when a lightning current strikes to the positive polar conductor of double circuit transmission line and the flashover of insulator strings occurs, as the over-voltage wave propagating along the lines due to the coupling effect between the conductors, the grounding electrode lines would produce the coupling voltage wave, which makes the flashover of the insulator strings occur at the different place along the grounding electrode lines, the unbalanced current of the grounding polar line is produced due to the insulator strings flashover and the unbalanced current exists for a long time, when the unbalanced current is up to the locking condition, the negative polar conductor is locked and the double-pole block fault occurs. In the paper, some effective measures are given to prevent this accident.     

A Forecasting Method of Pollution Flashover Voltage of Insulators Based on Robust Regression

In view of the limitations in the prediction of pollution flashover voltage by least squares regression, a method to predict pollution flashover voltage by robust regression is proposed. According to testing voltage and the data of salt deposit density (ρSDD ) and non-soluble deposit density (ρNSDD ), the regression coefficient is solved by a complex weighting least square iteration algorithm. In iterative calculations, the weight function is adopted, in which the weight coefficient is the function of the residual error of last iteration to weaken the influence of singular values on the regression coefficient. The characteristic exponent denoting ρSDD influence and characteristic exponent denoting ρNSDD influence are mapped by the regression coefficient, and thus the pollution flashover voltage of insulators can be predicted. Through the comparison of test results, robust regression results and least squares regression results, the effectiveness of the proposed robust regression-based forecasting method is verified.     

Experimental and Numerical Study of the Pollution Accumulation on Outdoor Insulators

Flashover on polluted insulators is the most common accident occuring in power system. A great amount of work has been done to study the flashover characteristics on various kinds of insulators with se...     

Coordinated Strategy of De-Icing Outage Scheduling and Unit Commitment

正Ice storms have negative effects on the power grid,which may cause line breakdown or ice flashover.To improve the stability and security of the ice-covered power grid,a de-icing device is proposed to de-ice the ice-covered transmission line.     

覆冰绝缘子直流闪络特性研究现状

在总结大量文献研究成果基础上 ,从闪络特性和机理等方面分析了覆冰绝缘子直流闪络的各种影响因素。结果表明 :闪络电压与覆冰类型、覆冰水电导率、覆冰量及气压等有关 ;长串的直流闪络梯度较短串小 ,闪络频率与电压梯度成正比 ;闪络是由持续、高幅值的泄漏电流融化冰层所致。并提出了覆冰绝缘子闪络特性方面亟待研究的课题。     

Flashover Performance of HVDC Iced Insulator Strings

Based on artificial icing test results, it was found that the DC flashover voltage of iced insulator strings was non-linear with different string lengths. An experimental formula of flashover voltage on iced insulators of different string lengths is introduced in this paper. Icing tests were carried out on different kinds of insulators including DC anti-fog, double-shed and three-shed insulators. Under serious ice conditions, the DC flashover voltages of the different types of insulator strings were very close. The flashover voltage of energized iced strings was a little higher than that of de-energized ones.     

Research on Hot-line Cleaning of Artificial Contaminanted Insulator Using High Pressure Hot Water Vapor

The hot-line cleaning of insulator contaminants has a great significance to prevent pollution flashover.The technique of hot-line cleaning insulator contaminants by water vapor is proposed in this paper.The flashover characteristics of insulator under the procedure of cleaning by hot-line water vapor are tested to investigate the security of cleaning system in the operation.Three kinds of insulator are chosed to carry on the experiment.The average flashover voltage,flashover voltage gradient and withstand voltage in35 kV insulators in hot-line cleaning are measured.The results show that the average flashover voltage and withstand voltage of insulators used for hot-line water vapor cleaning are both larger than the operation phase voltage in 35 kV system.The flashover voltage gradient is larger than usual pollution flashover voltage gradient.The system security can be ensured when there is no overvoltage in the system,which verifies that the insulators cleaning method presented in this paper is effective and reliable.     

布置方式对直流绝缘子串人工污秽闪络特性的影响

直流绝缘子串布置方式对污闪电压有影响，以2种典型直流瓷绝缘子(XZP-210和XZP-300)为试品，在人工雾室中通过试验研究了悬垂单串布置(I型)、悬垂双串布置(II型)和V型布置绝缘子串的直流负极性污闪特性，分析了布置方式对负极性污闪电压的影响。结果表明：直流绝缘子串布置方式对污闪电压有影响；在不同污秽程度下，V型布置时直流污闪电压比I型布置时高14.5%~25.9%，II型布置则比I型布置低4.2%~9.0%；且随着污秽程度的增加，V型布置相对于I型布置的污闪电压提高的百分数和II型布置相对于I型布置降低的百分数均增大。     

PRTV涂料对绝缘子串交流冰闪电压的影响

PRTV涂料具有良好的防污闪性能,但用于防覆冰闪络方面,国内外的相关研究还鲜有报道。根据人工气候室的试验结果,笔者分析了在覆冰期、融冰期覆冰水电导率和串长对涂有PRTV绝缘子串的覆冰闪络电压的影响。通过对涂有和未涂PRTV两种形式绝缘子串的覆冰闪络特性的分析,得出PRTV对于提高覆冰绝缘子闪络电压没有效果,涂PRTV的绝缘子串其冰闪电压约降低10%～15%;PRTV涂层的憎水性引起绝缘子表面覆冰状态发生变化,使得冰层与涂料表面粘附不紧密,内部存在许多微小气隙,容易产生局部放电和局部电弧,从而损坏PRTV涂层,导致绝缘子串泄漏电流增大。     

低气压下复合绝缘子长串直流污闪特性

由于复合绝缘子具有的耐污性能好的优越性,我国正在建设的云广±800kV直流特高压线路也将采用复合绝缘子。为研究绝缘子面临的污秽和高海拔的综合影响,利用大型多功能人工气候室试验研究了低气压下复合绝缘子直流污秽闪络特性,结果表明:用升压法获得的复合绝缘子闪络电压比用升降法获得的50%耐受电压约高7%;复合绝缘子闪络电压与长度基本呈线性关系;气压对复合绝缘子直流污秽闪络电压的影响程度指数为0.6～0.8且受污秽度的影响;在盐密为0.05mg/cm2时,±800kV直流特高压线路所需复合绝缘子长度的基本配置应≥8.2m。     

盘形悬式绝缘子直流冰闪电压值的统计特性研究

人工覆冰试验长期以来被人们用来作为覆冰绝缘试验的一种重要手段.而当前,基于对盘形悬式绝缘子直流覆冰输电线路外绝缘特性研究的试验方法,尚无一部统一的标准,试验方法和结果差异很大.因此,对盘形悬式绝缘子直流覆冰试验方法进行研究,对直流覆冰输电线路外绝缘特性的研究具有重大的意义.笔者在直径为7.8 m、高为11.6 m的大型...     

覆冰绝缘子串的交流闪络特性和放电过程

为了解长串绝缘子在高海拔下的冰闪特性,在气候室内对XP-70、XWP2-160绝缘子串和FXBW4-110/100合成绝缘子进行了人工覆冰电气试验研究。结果表明:气压对覆冰绝缘子串冰闪电压的影响与污秽绝缘子的相似,3种绝缘子的气压影响指数分别为0.64、0.55和0.69;在不同气压下冰闪电压与绝缘子串长均呈线性关系;绝缘子串覆冰以后的电压分布发生变化且受冰的状态的影响,这个变化是覆冰绝缘子串电气特性下降的主要原因;覆冰绝缘子串的局部电弧发展成完全闪络所需的时间比污秽绝缘子长,且受冰层的融化和冰凌状态的影响;覆冰绝缘子的临界闪络电流大于污秽绝缘子,且与绝缘子串长和类型有关,其原因有待进一步研究。     

低气压覆冰条件下直流绝缘子的极性效应

在人工气候室内模拟不同气候条件,试验研究了 XZP- 160 瓷绝缘子、FC160P/C170DC玻璃绝缘子和 10kV直流合成绝缘子的放电过程及闪络特性。结果表明:瓷和玻璃绝缘子直流覆冰闪络的极性效应明显;而合成绝缘子的极性效应与覆冰状况有关。     

丧失憎水性的直流复合绝缘子耐污特性

通过人工污秽试验研究了丧失憎水性的复合绝缘子在直流电压下的污秽闪络特性,给出了两种憎水性状态下的复合绝缘子污闪电压,在憎水性完全丧失状态下时不同表面污秽度下的复合绝缘子50%闪络电压,文中还分析了表面污秽不均匀分布对污闪电压的影响。试验结果表明即使复合绝缘子完全丧失憎水性,其污闪电压较相同长度的瓷或玻璃绝缘子串高20%～50%。