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国外鱼用益生素的研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
近十年来,国外在鱼用益生素方面开展了一定的研究,取得了一些进展.在介绍益生菌这一概念及其作用机理的基础上,阐述了作为益生菌所必备的基本条件,综合介绍了益生素在鱼虾贝类等的应用研究结果,指出了今后在该方面研究时应当注意的3个关键词鱼;虾;贝类;益生素 相似文献
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益生菌及在食品中的应用 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
随着人们对肠道内微生物菌落与人类健康关系的认识与研究,益生菌作为一个新领域开始被了解和关注。介绍了益生素的营养功交,部分菌种的研究状况以及食品中的应用情况等三个方面最新研究进展。 相似文献
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经过近20年的研究和实践,益生素和益生元在水产养殖场和鱼苗繁殖场的规模化使用已成为现实。目前研究主要集中在环境友好型菌类/群的选择,及抗生素替代产品的选择。益生菌和益生素主要为宿主肠道菌群提供直接或间接的选择性优化产品,可能的作用机制是增加胃肠道有益菌的数量(如乳酸菌和其它有益杆菌),产生特殊的抑制化合物,并对潜在的病原菌产生抑制,抑制毒力基因的表达,增强机体的免疫反应,改善胃肠形态和提高消化机能。因此,益生素和益生菌的使用可提高鱼体健康状况,提高鱼体抗病力,促进生长性能,改善体组成,降低畸形率和保持更好的胃肠道微生态平衡。目前大量的研究正在证实益生素和益生元在水产养殖上应用的可靠性,但目前研究中的产品使用方案与养殖实践中的使用方案存在较大的差异。因此,制定合适的使用方案对于商业水平的应用显得至关重要。未来研究应集中于益生素和益生元的使用方案上。 相似文献
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介绍了化学益生素和益生素的作用机理。益生素不仅可促进动长体内微生物的代谢,而且可抑制有害物质的生长,从而提高动物的免疫力。并详述了化学益生素和益生素在离饲料中的应用情况。 相似文献
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本文综述了益生菌的生理功能及其应具备的条件,从菌株筛选和耐药性角度探讨了益生菌的安全性及其安全使用时应考虑的因素,介绍了基因工程在作用机理研究、改善制品风味、提高功能特性及降低副反应等方面的应用及基因组学在益生菌研究中的作用.对现代遗传技术在扩大益生菌使用范围方面进行了。展望,为新型益生菌产品的开发和更广泛的应用提供了一定的应用参考。 相似文献
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哈尔滨美华生物技术公司 《中国食品添加剂》2007,(Z1):429-435
对益生菌的概念、益生菌的生理作用、抗菌功能和营养作用等方面作了论述.还论述了可用于开发的人类肠道益生菌和动物肠道益生菌主要包括的种类.益生菌在许多方面具有对人体健康的生理学功能并对其作用机理作了阐述.益生菌的抗逆性较差,如何提高益生菌的耐酸性、胆汁耐受性,加强益生菌之间的协同效应、筛选优良的益生菌种是研究和开发的重点.本次发布会介绍了三层包埋及肠道靶向定植新技术,解决了天然益生菌不易保存、不耐胃酸、不耐胆汁和存活率低的技术难题. 相似文献
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哈尔滨美华生物技术公司 《中国食品添加剂》2006,(Z1):429-435
对益生菌的概念、益生菌的生理作用、抗菌功能和营养作用等方面作了论述.还论述了可用于开发的人类肠道益生菌和动物肠道益生菌主要包括的种类.益生菌在许多方面具有对人体健康的生理学功能并对其作用机理作了阐述.益生菌的抗逆性较差,如何提高益生菌的耐酸性、胆汁耐受性,加强益生菌之间的协同效应、筛选优良的益生菌种是研究和开发的重点.本次发布会介绍了三层包埋及肠道靶向定植新技术,解决了天然益生菌不易保存、不耐胃酸、不耐胆汁和存活率低的技术难题. 相似文献
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了解河南省部分食品中重金属污染的现状。方法 在河南省18个省辖市采集8大类3 657份食品样品,按照国家标准检测食品中铅、镉和汞的含量,检测结果按照GB 2762—2012《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》进行评价。结果 河南省部分食品中铅含量的平均值为0.34 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.8%(320/3 656),其中粮食、肉类和蔬菜中超标率较高,分别为17.2%(95/552)、14.5%(85/587)和10.7%(57/534);部分食品中镉含量的平均值为0.054 mg/kg,总体超标率为3.9%(143/3 657),其中食用菌和蛋类中超标率较高,分别为9.6%(49/508)和8.1%(42/518);部分食品中汞含量的平均值为0.077 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.3%(303/3 657),其中蔬菜和粮食中超标率较高,分别为25.3%(135/534)和12.3%(68/551)。结论 河南省部分食品中铅、汞污染情况较为严重,其中粮食、蔬菜和肉类食品中污染情况尤为突出,需要加强监管。 相似文献
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Objectives
To analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine from three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes, in order to estimate the stage of tobacco epidemic in Ukraine.Design
Repeated national interview surveys in Ukraine in 2001, 2002 and 2005.Main outcome measure
Prevalence of current smoking among the population aged ⩾15 years.Results
The age‐standardised prevalence of current smoking in Ukrainian men was 54.8% in 2001 and 66.8% in 2005. Among Ukrainian women, prevalence increased from 11.5% in 2001 to 20.0% in 2005. ORs for yearly increase in prevalence were estimated as 1.164 (95% CI 1.111 to 1.220) for men and 1.187 (1.124 to 1.253) for women, which implies that, on average, 3–4% of men and 1.5–2% of women living in Ukraine join the smoking population each year.Conclusions
In Ukraine, smoking prevalence is increasing in most population groups. Among men, the medium deprivation group with secondary education has the highest smoking prevalence. Among women, while the most educated, young and those living in larger cities are the leading group for tobacco use, other groups are also increasing their tobacco use. Tobacco promotion efforts appear to have been significantly more effective in Ukraine than smoking control efforts. The decrease in real cigarette prices in Ukraine in 2001–5 could be the main factor explaining the recent growth in smoking prevalence.Ukraine is a large eastern European country with high smoking prevalence. Tobacco products are widely available at very low prices, and the transnational tobacco industry is extremely successful in promoting its products and lobbying for its interests in the legislative field. Advocacy of tobacco control has only recently achieved some success in the legislative field, with the first tobacco control law being adopted in late 2005. Ukraine ratified the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in 2006, but there is still much cause for concern regarding the enforcement and effectiveness of the adopted legislative measures. Unfortunately, the government is not yet involved in nationwide surveillance of the tobacco problem, and the available data have mostly been gathered with funding from foreign donors. Several attempts have been made to measure the extent of the tobacco epidemic in the countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU).1,2,3,4,5,6,7 Most of these studies have shown rather high smoking prevalence among men (50–70%) and comparatively low prevalence among women (5–20%). Most countries in the FSU have similar smoking rates, while certain trends are shown to be related to the differences in how the transnational tobacco industry succeeds in every national tobacco market.6 Unfortunately, few studies have been published showing trends in smoking prevalence in the FSU.7 In Ukraine, two studies3,4 provided point estimates of smoking prevalence.The aim of this study was to analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine, on the basis of three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes in order to estimate the stage of the tobacco epidemic in Ukraine. 相似文献17.
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