面向目标跟踪的无线传感器网络设计

无线传感器网络包含许多具有感知、计算和无线通信能力的微型传感器节点,现已广泛应用于国防、工业和农业等领域。文章将无线传感器网络应用于目标跟踪中,该网络主要包括声学传感器节点、图像节点和指挥中心节点,声学传感器节点和图像节点将采集的信息传递给指挥中心,指挥中心融合处理后对目标进行定位和跟踪。实验仿真表明设计的无线传感器网络具有较高的跟踪精度。     

无线传感网络中的目标跟踪技术

无线传感器网络由于其自组织性、鲁棒性及节点数量巨大的特点,非常适合于目标跟踪。无线传感器网络目标跟踪大体分为单目标跟踪与面目标跟踪。单目标跟踪主要采用双元检测协作跟踪、信息驱动协作跟踪、传送树跟踪算法等方法。面目标跟踪采用对偶空间转换算法等方法。在无线传感器网络目标跟踪中,跟踪精度、跟踪能量消耗和跟踪可靠性是需要考虑的主要问题。     

无线传感器网络定位技术及典型系统

无线传感器网络被评为是改变二十一世纪、改变未来世界的十大新兴技术之一。无线传感器网络节点能够实现自身定位是获知监测地点信息的前提,同时也是实现目标跟踪和移动目标定位的基础。本文阐述了当前的节点定位基本原理,并整理了几种典型的无线传感器网络定位系统和算法,分析了其优缺点,并指出了当前定位算法存在的共性问题。     

基于无线传感器网络的活动目标跟踪

无线传感器网络WSN是目前通信和计算机领域的研究热点。WSN的各种应用中,活动目标跟踪在军事和民用上都具有广泛的应用前景,也是技术上具有挑战性的课题。总结了目前传感器网络目标跟踪中节点的组织和路由,目标的侦测、定位,目标轨迹的估计和预测等方面的一些研究成果,比较了各个方法的优缺点,提出了以后跟踪应用中值得注意的问题和方向。     

无线传感器网络中可信的节点选择算法

以目标跟踪为背景,讨论无线传感器网络中如何利用节点的协作实现可信协作目标跟踪。首先利用传感器节点的检测概率建立节点的可信模型。然后,基于这个模型,综合考虑节点的信息贡献量和通信开销,建立了一个节点选择的最优化模型。最后,通过仿真来验证算法的有效性。     

无线传感器网络中基于网格的目标跟踪算法

提出了一种适用于无线传感器网络中基于网格的目标跟踪算法，以解决在目标跟踪过程中信任度（belief）更新和传感器节点信息贡献量估计问题。该算法对信任度进行非参数化表示，用基于网格的算法对序列贝叶斯滤波过程进行实现。并且利用目标位置预测和基于网格的算法在不预先获知传感器节点测量数据的情况下，对节点的信息贡献量进行估算。在资源受限的无线传感器网络中，该算法在降低计算复杂度、提高算法适用范围方面都有显著改进。最后在仿真环境中验证了基于网格的目标跟踪算法的有效性。     

基于动态分簇路由优化和分布式粒子滤波的传感器网络目标跟踪方法

针对无线传感器网络中节点通信能力及能量有限的情况,该文提出基于动态分簇路由优化和分布式粒子滤波的传感器网络目标跟踪方法。该方法以动态分簇的方式将监测区域内随机部署的传感器节点划分为若干个簇,并对簇内成员节点与簇首节点之间、簇首节点与基站之间的通信路由进行优化,确保网络能耗的均衡分布,在此基础上,被激活的簇内成员节点并行地执行分布式粒子滤波算法实现目标跟踪。仿真结果表明,该方法能有效地降低传感器网络中节点的总能耗,能在实现跟踪的同时保证目标跟踪的精度。     

无线传感器网络自适应目标跟踪节点调度算法

在无线传感器网络中,设计合理的节点调度算法是提高网络感知能力、降低系统能耗的关键。在分析节点能耗模型的基础上,针对移动目标跟踪型网络应用,提出一种高能效的无线传感器网络自适应节点调度算法ANSTT。该算法根据节点对移动目标的感知能力,以及节点的相对剩余能量水平,自动调整节点工作模式。仿真实验表明,ANSTT算法在维持低感知延时、高目标感知率的同时,可有效降低系统能耗,延长网络寿命。     

基于格拉布斯准则和改进粒子滤波算法的水下传感网目标跟踪

水下无线传感网络(UWSN)执行目标跟踪时,因为各个传感器节点测量值对目标状态估计的贡献不一样以及节点能量有限,所以探索一种好的节点融合权重方法和节点规划机制能够获得更好的跟踪性能。针对上述问题,该文提出一种基于Grubbs准则和互信息熵加权融合的分布式粒子滤波(PF)目标跟踪算法(GMIEW)。首先利用Grubbs准则对传感器节点所获得的信息进行分析检验,去除干扰信息和错误信息。其次,在粒子滤波的重要性权值计算的过程中,引入动态加权因子,采用传感器节点的测量值与目标状态之间的互信息熵,来反映传感器节点提供的目标信息量,从而获得各个节点相应的加权因子。最后,采用3维场景下的簇-树型网络拓扑结构,跟踪监测区域内的目标。实验结果显示,该算法可有效提高水下传感器网络测量数据对目标跟踪预测的准确度,降低跟踪误差。     

无线传感器网络的节点自定位技术

文章对无线传感器网络的节点定位机制与算法进行了介绍,并对基于测距的和不基于测距的两大类方法进行了分析对比.文章认为节点定位是无线传感器网络的一项关键技术,对于无线传感器网络的许多应用来说节点位置信息都是必须的基本信息,虽然目前已有不少节点定位技术,但仅仅是一些初步的研究成果,距离无线传感器网络的整体优化目标还很不够,需要继续深入研究开发,提出更多的高效算法,促进无线传感器网络进一步的普及应用.     

A Lightweight Collaborative Fault Tolerant Target Localization System for Wireless Sensor Networks

Efficient target localization in wireless sensor networks is a complex and challenging task. Many past assumptions for target localization are not valid for wireless sensor networks. Limited hardware resources, energy conservation, and noise disruption due to wireless channel contention and instrumentation noise pose new constraints on designers nowadays. In this work, a lightweight acoustic target localization system for wireless sensor networks based on time difference of arrival (TDOA) is presented. When an event is detected, each sensor belonging to a group calculates an estimate of the target's location. A fuzzyART data fusion center detects errors and fuses estimates according to a decision tree based on spatial correlation and consensus vote. Moreover, a MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks (EB-MAC) is developed which is tailored for event-based systems that characterizes acoustic target localization systems. The system was implemented on MicaZ motes with TinyOS and a PIC 18F8720 microcontroller board as a coprocessor. Errors were detected and eliminated hence acquiring a fault tolerant operation. Furthermore, EB-MAC provided a reliable communication platform where high channel contention was lowered while maintaining high throughput.     

Target localization based on energy considerations in distributed sensor networks

Wireless distributed sensor networks are important for a number of strategic applications such as coordinated target detection, surveillance, and localization. Energy is a critical resource in wireless sensor networks and system lifetime needs to be prolonged through the use of energy-conscious sensing strategies during system operation. We propose an energy-aware target detection and localization strategy for cluster-based wireless sensor networks. The proposed method is based on an a posteriori algorithm with a two-step communication protocol between the cluster head and the sensors within the cluster. Based on a limited amount of data received from the sensor nodes, the cluster head executes a localization procedure to determine the subset of sensors that must be queried for detailed target information. This approach reduces both energy consumption and communication bandwidth requirements, and prolongs the lifetime of the wireless sensor network. Simulation results show that a large amount of energy is saved during target localization using this strategy.     

Localization for mobile target in wireless sensor networks

A precise localization for mobile target in wireless sensor networks is presented in this letter,where a geometrical relationship is explored to improve the location estimation for mobile target,instead of a simple centroid approach.The equations of location compensation algorithm for mobile target are derived based on linear trajectory prediction and sensor selective activation.The results based on extensive simulation experiments show that the compensation algorithm gets better performance in metrics of quality of tracking and energy efficiency with the change of sensor sensing range,the ratio of sensing range and sensor activation range,and the data sampling rate than traditional methods,which means our proposing can achieve better quality-energy tradeoff for mobile target in wireless sensor networks.     

用无线传感器网络探测跟踪目标

与传统的探测跟踪方法相比,无线传感器网络以其良好的特性弥补了传统跟踪方法的不足。文章介绍了无线传感器网络的体系结构,探讨了无线传感器网络探测跟踪目标的策略和方法,最后提出了用无线传感器网络跟踪目标需要考虑的问题。     

Maximizing the lifetime of energy‐constrained cooperative spectrum sensing sensor network

Adding the cognitive capability to wireless sensor networks allows the sensors to monitor the spectrum and identify the spectrum holes to operate in different frequencies according to the radio environment which result in better spectrum utilization. Spectrum sensing is a main component in any cognitive radio network. In this paper, we propose a new cooperative sensing scheme based on energy detection for cognitive sensor networks which is constrained by the energy limitation of the wireless sensor elements. The proposed scheme minimizes the sensing energy for individual sensor and carefully selects the suitable participant sensors in each cooperative sensing process. This results in maximizing the lifetime of energy‐constrained wireless sensor networks. The proposed scheme also takes into consideration the constraints on the detection accuracy. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme prolonged the lifetime of the cognitive network, makes efficient usage of available spectrum by secondary users, and satisfy the target detection performance.     

A Tracking-Based Target Locating Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks

1　IntroductionAwirelesssensornetworkisusuallycomposedofhundredsorthousandsofsensorsequippedwithcomputation ,sensingandcommunicationdevices,whicharecoordinatedinadistributedmodeinordertomonitoracertaingeographicalregionandcollectinformationontheirsurroundings[1 ] .Thecollecteddataisthenusedtoanswervariousqueries.RecentadvancesinMEMS ,wirelesscommunications,anddigitalelectronicshavemadepossiblethecheapandfastdeploymentofsensornetworks[2 ] .Suchadhoc,self organizingsensornetworksarereceivingin…     

QoS provisioning in wireless video sensor networks: a dynamic power management framework

Recent technological advances in microelectronics and nano-systems technologies have made it feasible to equip wireless sensor nodes with small low-cost cameras to capture and transmit video. Wireless video sensor networks are gaining popularity due to numerous potential applications such as video surveillance, environmental and habitat monitoring, and so on. However, due to the limited battery available in wireless video sensor nodes, provisioning of QoS in such a network is a challenging task. We provide a survey on the major issues related to QoS provisioning in wireless video sensor networks and possible solution approaches. A dynamic power management framework is proposed for a wireless video sensor node to improve energy saving performance so that the lifetime of the sensor node can be increased. This framework considers the video traffic arrival process in the sensor node, the sleep and wakeup processes in the camera and wireless transceiver electronics, the queue status, and the wireless channel condition. Performance analysis results show that the proposed mechanism can achieve considerable energy saving in a sensor node while providing a target level of QoS performance.     

无线传感网络再编程研究

无线传感网络再编程通常作为独立于应用程序的服务实现在传感节点的操作系统之上:也是通过无线信道有效地管理和维护传感网络的一个重要功能.本文在介绍再编程面临的挑战基础上,分类研究工各种再编程协议的传播方式与可靠性,指出了安全、快速、可靠地对部署好的传感网络再编程需要解决的几个问题,提出了未来的几个研究方向与重点.     

无线传感器网络自适应功率控制策略

无线传感器网络功率控制技术对于网络的拓扑连通、能量效率、网络容量、吞吐量、实时性等性能均有显著影响,是其实用化的重要支撑技术。该文提出了一种适用于无线传感器网络的自适应功率控制策略APCS(Adaptive Power Control Strategy),该策略是只需要局部信息的分布式算法,通过调整路径损耗指数和功率控制参数可以获得性能极佳的目标拓扑,并能满足实时性和容错能力要求较高的应用场景。另外,该算法还采用了动态功率调整以保持网络的连通性,延长网络的生命周期。仿真结果证实了所提方法的有效性。     

基于量子遗传粒子滤波的WSN目标跟踪算法

粒子滤波器是解决非线性非高斯运动跟踪的一种有效方法,很适合于无线传感器网络的目标跟踪.但是粒子滤波算法存在严重的退化现象.常规的重采样方法虽可解决退化问题,但容易导致粒子耗尽.本文针对此问题,将量子遗传算法引入粒子滤波,提出了基于量子遗传粒子滤波的无线传感器网络目标跟踪算法.通过量子遗传算法的编码方式增加粒子集的多样性...