基于U-TRIZ理论的产品概念设计SAFC模型分析

目的 针对经典TRIZ体系过于庞大,解题工具之间缺乏集成联系,以及难以掌握和运用等现状,通过运用U-TRIZ理论以功能为导向,以属性为核心,将因果分析模型和功能分析模型通过物质属性有机地集成,构建的物质—属性—功能—因果（SAFC）分析模型将有效解决上述问题。方法 分析SAFC模型在产品概念设计过程中的应用现状和研究进展,综述SAFC分析模型在矛盾类型问题求解、置换型问题求解、内调型问题求解的解题方法,给出SAFC分析模型的基本构成、功能因果链绘制图和差异性特征展示表,阐述U-TRIZ理论的解题流程总框架。结果 SAFC模型是一个从物场模型到功能模型演化而成的实用问题分析工具,有多种问题解题模式,能有效解决各种问题。结论 以智能手机概要设计为例,验证了SAFC分析模型的相关解题方法,该研究将为手机企业寻找创新方向和解决工程难题,提供一种可供借鉴的解决方案。     

Research on conceptual design of mechatronic systems

Based on the fact that function-structure generating and function solving are alternant processes with mutual causality during the conceptual design phase of mechatronic systems, a conceptual design cyclic feedback solving model of a mechatronic system is put forward on the basis of mapping between function layer, effect layer, working principle layer and structure layer. The process of solving single and system functions is analysed. Key technologies of interface matching and function solving are then advanced. Finally, a computer-aided conceptual design automatic software system for mechatronic systems is developed and the conceptual design of a computerised embroidery machine is given as an example. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50375045) and the Shanxi Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 20041070).     

SIGRAPH-DESIGN 环境下的机构装配设计技术

研究了在智能ＣＡＤ系统ＳＩＧＲＡＰＨ－ＤＥＳＩＧＮ环境下进行机构装配设计的途径，给出了概念设计、装配设计和零件设计的一般方法，并以胶印机中凸轮一连杆机构为例，采用自顶向下的装配设计方法，建立了该机的设计模型，实现了运动仿真、结构仿真、工作点运动规律输出以及概念模型、装配模型和零件模型的联动设计，为进行设计创造了条件。     

基于FBS模型的智能轮椅结构设计

目的 为解决老年人及残疾人的出行问题,设计一款帮助老年人和残疾人的智能轮椅。方法 首先,分析和归纳智能轮椅的结构要素,对轮椅在实际运用中的操作和路径进行分析,探索将现有的自动驾驶技术应用于智能轮椅行驶辅助的可行性,运用FBS模型实现功能-行为-结构的整合,并实现映射转化过程。其次,借助最终的分析结论指导智能轮椅结构设计,并进行方案的迭代优化,为智能轮椅的支撑、连接、驱动系统提供相应的设计方案,提出增强结构功能、自动驾驶辅助的智能轮椅设计方案。结果 应用对偶分析法对最终方案进行设计评价,结合所得数值与排列顺序来验证设计方案的合理性。结论 FBS模型将功能、行为和结构的分析可视化,转化并提炼为结构设计的需求,为同类智能轮椅结构设计研究提供了一个新思路。     

Cognitive basis for conceptual design

Engineering design is a highly iterative process. Nevertheless, the set of solution principles obtained during the conceptual phase seems to establish the universe of discourse for that design task. The richness, fertility, and completeness of this set of solution principles critically affects the character of the design to be. This seed pool of ideas seems to shower only the gifted designers and problem solvers. The moment of creation, the breakthrough, always has an aura of mystery surrounding it. However, it is important that this process be studied empirically. This article presents an operational model of the cognitive processes at the breakthrough stage of conceptual design. The model is then used to analyze some illustrative examples. We believe that this initial operational glimpse into how ideas happen will help designers confront unsolved problems. This operational view of the creative process may also influence how designers will be trained in problem solving.     

基于SSM的社区健身中心适老化设计策略研究

目的 运用切克兰德软系统方法论（SSM）分析社区健身中心适老化设计的未来发展方向,为社区应对动态老龄化提供重要设计策略。方法 首先对软系统方法论进行概念剖析,总结出其应用于社区健身中心适老化设计的分析流程,其次基于对社区健身中心适老化的内涵剖析,采用SSM对其进行问题情境感知表达和系统要素根定义,同时进行需求分类,并探讨其概念模型。结果 通过将概念模型与现实世界比较,对其进行定量评分,最终得出基于器械设备、空间布局、智能交互、情感体验的4个阶段战略目标及具有合理性与普适性的概念模型。结论 由于SSM和适老化设计共有的围绕人类活动展开的无结构特征,利用SSM研究适老化设计等具有强社会性特征的设计问题具有实际意义。     

Function-based design synthesis approach to design reuse

In this paper, a design reuse framework with a function-based design synthesis approach is proposed in the context of conceptual product development. Previous researches in design reuse have lacked a comprehensive functional base for knowledge representation and reasoning. The method presented in this paper uses a function-based product information model and a multiple objective optimization model to achieve design reuse. The information model is dependent on a functional core which is the key element vector. It is capable of modeling product information with sufficient abstraction, which in turn facilitates intelligent construction of product platforms. The multiple objective optimization method carries out automated design synthesis and evaluation subject to various design constraints. The approach has been applied in the design of the fan filter unit, a key clean room device. It has achieved intelligent design reuse in product conceptual design with significant rapidity and solution variety.     

基于增强智能理念的人机协同设计探索

为应对设计在智能时代所面临的挑战,探索能够深度融合人类智慧与机器智能的设计新途径。方法 在理论层面,从智能系统的计算愿景和活动类型两个维度对人工智能与增强智能进行了概念区分,从思考性与实施性活动两方面对设计进行了解读,综合形成了基于增强智能理念的人机协同设计概念,分析了它所具备的共创者与对话者作用;在实践层面,针对共创者与对话者的特征与作用,通过两个不同的设计实践进行了探索与论证。结论 人机协同设计正在从工具和方法层面深刻地影响着设计,基于人工智能理念的设计工具能够提高设计生产力与效率,而基于增强智能理念的设计方法更擅长提高设计师的综合力与想象力,形成新的设计思维空间与设计创意结果。     

基于AHP的塔式起重机智能驾驶室设计研究

目的 解决塔式起重机驾驶员在工作中的痛点和需求,如驾驶员需长时间待在空间狭小的塔机驾驶室内,而驾驶室内存在无法上厕所、布局不合理、操作不便等问题。基于用户需求和智能性发展趋势为未来塔机驾驶室设计提供有效的指导。方法 通过相关文献研究,运用访谈法调研用户需求,并将其转化为设计点和智能技术结合点,建立塔机智能驾驶室设计需求层次分析模型,通过层次分析法得出各需求要素的权重值,并完成一致性检验,最终得到一个优质的设计方案。结论 总结了塔机驾驶员的痛点及需求,并将其转化为设计点和智能技术结合点,以此提出了塔机智能驾驶室的设计需求层次分析模型,其中一级指标的重要排序为安全性、舒适性、智能性和便捷性。最后基于用户需求和塔机未来发展趋势设计了一款塔机智能驾驶室方案,从智能监控系统、智能交互系统、智能卫生系统、智能玻璃界面等方面进行了设计和应用。     

An integrated approach to evaluating conceptual design alternatives in a new product development environment

As many companies have demonstrated over time, a conceptual design for a new product contributes greatly to an improvement in competitiveness, because it permits a reduction of costs, an increase in quality, and, often, a shortening of the time necessary to get the product on the market. That is why the evaluation of conceptual design alternatives created in a new product development (NPD) environment has long been very vital and a critical point for the future success of companies in fast-growing markets. These alternatives can be evaluated using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), one of the most commonly used multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) techniques. This technique is used to reduce the number of conceptual design alternatives after ranking them using the scores obtained from the process. Furthermore, another technique, simulation analysis integrated with the AHP, is also used to help decision makers (product engineers or managers) perform economic analyses of the AHP's high-score alternatives using data from the generated simulation model of a real-life manufacturing system in which the final alternative is produced. In short, the objectives of this research are: first, to use the AHP technique to evaluate conceptual design alternatives in a NPD environment; second, to use a simulation generator integrated with this technique in order to perform economic analyses for the AHP's high-score alternatives. Finally, the results of both techniques, simulation and AHP, are used in a benefit/cost (B/C) analysis to reach a final decision on the conceptual design alternatives.