我国太阳热水器产业发展

我国太阳热水器产业初步形成于８０年代后期,随着人民生活水平的提高,对生活热水需求增长,促使太阳热水器产业迅速发展。１９９７年全国太阳热水器的年产量将近３５０万ｍ２,总产值约３５亿元,其中平板热水器约占４５％,真空管热水器约占３０％,闷晒式约占２５％。市场上出售的太阳热水器全部为国产品,而且没有政府补贴,销售量连续呈上升趋势,市场前景看好。我国太阳热水器产业的发展是科技成果转化为生产力的一个成功范例,它与广大太阳能热利用科技工作者的努力,有关行业的技术支持和政府部门的政策、财政支持是分不开的。目前…     

我国太阳热水器产业发展现状

我国太阳热水器在生产能力和应用规模上都处于世界首位。到2001年底我国太阳热水器生产量已达820万m2,实现年产值百亿、销售收入94亿元人民币,是世界上名副其实的太阳热水器最大生产、供应国。尽管如此,我国太阳热水器产业仍是一个新兴产业,与其它产业比较,尚处在发展初期,有许多发展中的问题有待逐步解决。为大力发展我国太阳热水器产业,在国家制订的《新能源和可再生能源产业发展“十五”规划》中,明确提出太阳能光热利用是发展的重点产业之一,计划到2005年,全国太阳热水器年生产能力达到1100万m2,总保有量6400万m2,形成5～10家具有国际竞…     

河北省太阳热水器产业的发展

＠边志敏＠巩继荣９９７年，河北省太阳热水器产业的销售额、利税额各占本省新能源行业的７４％和６２％，经济效益、社会效益十分显著。近期，随着市场形势的变化，太阳热水器生产、销售出现疲软，引起大家的关注。为此，我们对全省太阳热水器产业的发展进行了深入分析，在指出...     

我国太阳热水器产业

我国的太阳热水器产业,从无到有、从小到大,随着市场需求的迅速增长和公众环保意识的不断加强而不断发展,已成为我国可再生能源领域发展最快、规模最大、市场成熟最早的行业。特别是近几年来,在“生产上规模、技术上水平、产品上质量和市场要规范”的产业发展思路引导下,经广大企业和企业家的艰苦创业,开发市场,使太阳热水器产业迅速发展,初步形成原材料业、加工制造业和销售安装服务业相互配套的产业化体系。１ 太阳热水器产业总体规模 我国具有丰富的太阳能资源和良好的开发基础,我国的太阳能年辐照总量超过５０２万ｋＪ。据不完…     

太阳热水器技术讲座(一)太阳热水器发展概况及基本知识

1 太阳热水器发展概况。（1）国外太阳热水器发展概况。为了减轻环境污染和生态破坏给人类造成的危害,确保国民经济的持续发展,世界各国对太阳热水器的开发十分重视。世界各国纷纷制定太阳热水器技术产业的发展规划,实行一系列优惠扶持政策,大大地加速了该行业的发展。     

我国太阳热水器产业的问题与对策

我国的太阳热水器产业尽管取得很大的发展,但在发展中也出现不少问题,这些问题主要表现在如下几个方面:1 产业规模小,装备差 2001年产值过亿元的企业有8家,年产值5000万元以上的有近20家,其中山东皇明产量、产值最高,分别为30万m~2,5亿元,清华阳光的产量和产值分别为20万m~2,2.9亿元,其利税最高,达2700     

我国太阳热水器发展探讨

能源是人类生存的基础。能源的开发和合理利用是整个社会发展的源泉,也是人类文明与进步的重要标志之一。随着社会生产的进步与发展,人民生活水平的提高,能源需求还将大幅度增长。然而,能源的开发和利用受到资源、技术、经济与环境等众多因素的制约。当前的全球一次能源构成主要以矿物燃料为主体,但矿物燃料作为地球的资源,在不远的将来会枯竭;现行的能源使用方式对环境的影响更已引起全球的关注。而太阳能是一个取之不尽、用之不竭的洁净能源宝库。太阳光热转换效率高,可大量节约常规能源和减少环境污染。　　我国太阳能资源十…     

资本经营:太阳热水器产业发展的必经之路

毫无疑问，资本需要寻找盈利的机会，新兴的具有重大发展机遇的太阳热水器产业、光伏产业将是资本的主要选择目标之一；同时太阳热水器产业、光伏产业也需要资本市场，没有资本的支持太阳热水器产业，光伏产业难以真正做大做强。     

积极应对光伏反倾销调查——加速开拓中国国内光伏市场的必要性和紧迫性

大力开发可再生能源对于我国绝不是权宜之计,要实现振兴中华、建设小康社会的战略目标就必须解决能源和环境的可持续发展问题,而实现可再生能源替代化石能源是解决这一问题的根本出路.可再生能源是人类社会后工业时代的基础,谁掌握最先进的可再生能源技术,谁就占领未来工业革命的战略制高点,成为后工业时代的引领者.光伏发电作为开发利用太阳能的重要技术,将在第三次产业革命中发挥重要作用.     

光伏行业 政策趋向明朗 长期发展有望提速

一政策"西方削弱、东方扩张"局势逐渐明朗光伏行业作为朝阳行业,其前期发展主要依赖国家的政策扶持,引导装机需求。而成本下降则是唤起行业自发式生命力、带动行业中长期发展的内动力。此外,在能源紧缺、节能减排的格局下,太阳能的安全、无污染和资源无限等优良属性     

江苏省光伏发电推进意见

编者按:江苏省是我国光伏产业大省,其光伏产业的快速发展与政府大力扶持密切相关.其近期出台的<江苏省光伏发电推进意见>更是开了地方政府补贴上网光伏发电电价之先河,本刊略作编辑,全文刊载,希望对全国各级政府有所启示.     

全面加快我国太阳能产业的发展

我非常高兴参加这个太阳能界的盛会,与历届会议相比,此次会议人员之多、范围之广是前所未有的,它对我国太阳能事业的发展将起到推动作用,也表明了我国太阳能产品的技术体系和质量体系在不断地完善、提高,已达到了一定的水平和规模。下面就我国太阳能产业的发展谈点看法。     

Optimized Emission-based Reciprocity Monte Carlo Method to speed up computation in complex systems

An Optimized Emission-based Reciprocity Monte Carlo Method (OERM) has been developed and validated by comparison, in benchmark cases, with analytical reference results. In this method, the frequency distribution function, generally equal to the emission distribution function at the emitting cell temperature, has been replaced by a distribution function associated with the maximum temperature within the domain. The real emission distribution function of a cell at any temperature is then obtained by applying a corrective factor to each shot.     

Scaling up concentrating solar thermal technology in China

More than 1300 GW new generating capacity will be added in China's power sector over the period 2005–2030 under the BAU scenario in [1], even higher than the total installed capacity in the United States to date. China’s industrial and service sectors are expected to maintain rapid development rate over the next decades, driving up the demand for electric power and heat. However, China’s power and industrial process heat generation are heavily relying upon coal-fired thermal power plants resulting in tremendous rise in greenhouse gas emissions. Clean technology such as concentrating solar thermal (CST) needs to play a more important role in power and heat generation in China to accelerate the decarbonisation in the power sector and commercial and industrial process heat generation cost-effectively. This paper attempts to explore the opportunity and challenge of development and deployment of CST in China from both technical and socioeconomic analysis perspectives. It is argued that rapid deployment of CST in China will contribute to enabling sustainable energy supply and environmental securities, as well as improved economic performance in new technology innovation in Asia Pacific area over the next decades. Supportive policy framework should be set up to encourage scaling up CST industry. The success of deployment of CST technology will also allow Chinese power and heat generators to strengthen their competitiveness in the context of intensified global constraint of carbon emissions. Institutional innovation and policy instruments for scaling up this technology and the enabling conditions of successful implementation are also investigated.     

2006年中国水电建设全面提速

回顾我国2006年的水电发展态势,可以概括为水电建设全面提速,水电建设的春天已经到来。在中央关于“在保护生态的基础上有序发展水电”方针的指引下,由于我国经济持续高速增长对电力的旺盛需求,为减轻对煤炭的压力,减轻污染,减少温室气体的排放,增加清洁能源的需求促进了水电发展。同时,由于电力体制改革,通过市场竞争配置资源,由于水电的长期效益好,各大发电集团和水电公司、民营企业均加大水电开发力度,促进了水电发展。水电建设全面提速,各项指标达到世界领先水平。在大中型水电发展的同时,新农村建设促进了小水电发展,小水电占水电装机的1/3。水电建设全面提速促进机电设备国产化率提高;水电技术走向世界初具规模,水电科技达到世界先进水平。     

Switching EKF technique for rotor and stator resistance estimation in speed sensorless control of IMs

High performance speed sensorless control of induction motors (IMs) calls for estimation and control schemes that offer solutions to parameter uncertainties as well as to difficulties involved with accurate flux/velocity estimation at very low and zero speed. In this study, a new EKF based estimation algorithm is proposed for the solution of both problems and is applied in combination with speed sensorless direct vector control (DVC). The technique is based on the consecutive execution of two EKF algorithms, by switching from one algorithm to another at every n sampling periods. The number of sampling periods, n, is determined based on the desired system performance. The switching EKF approach, thus applied, provides an accurate estimation of an increased number of parameters than would be possible with a single EKF algorithm. The simultaneous and accurate estimation of rotor, and stator, R_s resistances, both in the transient and steady state, is an important challenge in speed sensorless IM control and reported studies achieving satisfactory results are few, if any. With the proposed technique in this study, the sensorless estimation of and R_s is achieved in transient and steady state and in both high and low speed operation while also estimating the unknown load torque, velocity, flux and current components. The performance demonstrated by the simulation results at zero speed, as well as at low and high speed operation is very promising when compared with individual EKF algorithms performing either or R_s estimation or with the few other approaches taken in past studies, which require either signal injection and/or a change of algorithms based on the speed range. The results also motivate utilization of the technique for multiple parameter estimation in a variety of control methods.     

A corrected hybrid approach for wind speed prediction in Hexi Corridor of China

Wind energy has been well recognized as a renewable resource in electricity generation, which is environmentally friendly, socially beneficial and economically competitive. For proper and efficient evaluation of wind energy, a hybrid Seasonal Auto-Regression Integrated Moving Average and Least Square Support Vector Machine (SARIMA-LSSVM) model is significantly developed to predict the mean monthly wind speed in Hexi Corridor. The design concept of combining the Seasonal Auto-Regression Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) method with the Least Square Support Vector Machine (LSSVM) algorithm shows more powerful forecasting capacity for monthly wind speed prediction at wind parks, when compared with the single Auto-Regression Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), SARIMA, LSSVM models and the hybrid Auto-Regression Integrated Moving Average and Support Vector Machine (ARIMA-SVM) model. To verify the developed approach, the monthly data from January 2001 to December 2006 in Mazong Mountain and Jiuquan are used for model construction and model testing. The simulation and hypothesis test results show that the developed method is simple and quite efficient.     

Barriers and opportunities of using the clean development mechanism to advance renewable energy development in China

Studying the barriers and opportunities of using clean development mechanism (CDM) to advance renewable energy deployment in China has a practical significance to achieve its ambitious renewable energy plan which affects the global efforts to curb carbon emission. This paper analyses the role of CDM in promoting renewable energy development in China by reviewing the CDM activities, especially renewable energy CDM activities in China. There are three barriers to utilizing CDM for renewable energy deployment, namely the dilemma of additionality, lower proportional certified emission reduction credit revenues on the investment, and the lack of incentive for technology transfer. Whereas the opportunities of using CDM in promoting renewable energy development include the international carbon market redirection to renewable energy, Chinese renewable energy boom driven by a series of effective energy policies, and additional finance from CDM supporting Chinese renewable energy development. Based on the study on the barriers and opportunities, the article considers that CDM is an indispensable incentive and a viable choice to promote renewable energy deployment in China.