六亚甲基二异氰酸酯微胶囊的制备及其在自修复涂料中的应用

目的 制备一种基于小尺寸六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)微胶囊的自修复防腐涂料,能够提高涂层的防腐性能并实现涂层划痕缺陷的在线修复。方法 通过调整界面聚合法合成HDI微胶囊过程中的乳化剂添加量、搅拌速率和体系pH值,降低微胶囊的平均粒径,并利用囊芯染色试验、红外光谱(FTIR)、热重试验(TG)对微胶囊的结构和热稳定性进行表征。以物理共混的方式将微胶囊掺入到环氧树脂基质中制备自修复防腐涂料,使用万能拉伸机、拉拔测试仪、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)研究微胶囊对涂层基础力学性能和耐腐蚀性能的影响。结合丝束电极(WBE)测试与划痕涂层浸泡腐蚀试验分析复合涂层的内在自修复机理。结果 确定了微胶囊制备过程的最佳乳化剂添加量为3%、搅拌速率为600 r/min、体系pH值为3.5,此时的微胶囊呈规则的球状结构,表面致密且具有一定的粗糙度,平均粒径尺寸降低为59μm,成型率达82%。FTIR和囊芯染色试验证明微胶囊由脲醛树脂囊壁和HDI囊芯组成,TG分析显示微胶囊初始分解温度为260℃。随着微胶囊含量的提高,自修复涂层的拉伸断裂强度和附着力有所下降。EIS测试结果表明,含0%、1%、5%和10%微胶囊的自修复...     

含环氧树脂微胶囊自修复涂层的制备及其性能

目的制备含环氧树脂微胶囊的二元自修复涂层,并对其力学性能和自修复性能进行研究。方法将自制环氧树脂E-51/三聚氰胺-脲醛树脂微胶囊和潜伏型固化剂(2-甲基咪唑)按一定比例添加到环氧树脂基体中,制备二元自修复环氧树脂涂层。利用漆膜弹性试验机、漆膜冲击试验机和万能拉伸试验机对涂层的弯曲性能、耐冲击性能和拉伸性能进行测试。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、光学显微镜(OM)对涂层的自修复性能进行考察。采用EIS对涂层的电化学性能进行测试。结果成功制备了含环氧树脂微胶囊二元自修复涂层,当涂层中微胶囊的质量分数为3%时,涂层的冲击强度和拉伸强度分别提高了10.6%和14.6%。当涂层中2-甲基咪唑和微胶囊质量分数分别为6%和5%时,涂层的自修复性能较佳。当微胶囊质量分数为9%时,涂层的电化学阻抗值可达1.2×105?。结论微胶囊的加入可有效提高涂层的冲击强度和拉伸强度。随着涂层中潜伏型固化剂含量的增大,涂层的自修复性能增强。当潜伏型固化剂含量达到一定值时,涂层的自修复性能随着微胶囊含量的增大而增强。随着微胶囊含量的增加,涂层的电化学阻抗值增大。     

纳米Al2O3改性三聚氰胺-脲醛自修复微胶囊的制备及应用

以纳米Al_2O_3改性三聚氰胺-脲醛树脂(MUF)为壁材,环氧树脂为芯材,采用原位聚合法合成了微胶囊,并采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外光谱仪(FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱分析仪(XPS)、热重分析仪(TGA)等对其表面形貌、结构及热性能等进行了表征和测试;将改性后的微胶囊加入自修复环氧树脂涂层中,并对其热性能、力学性能、自修复性能及电化学性能进行测试。结果表明,当芯壁比为1.5:1、纳米Al_2O_3质量分数为4.5%时,纳米Al_2O_3在壁材中均匀分布,微胶囊的表面粗糙度和热稳定性均增加。当涂层中改性微胶囊质量分数为5%时,涂层的热稳定性提高,且涂层的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、冲击强度及粘结强度分别提高了111.9%、55.1%、10.6%和51.9%;制备的涂层具备较好的自修复性能;涂层的耐腐蚀性能随着微胶囊质量分数的增大而增强。     

微胶囊填充型自修复涂层材料研究进展

微胶囊填充型自修复聚合物及其复合材料是近年来高分子科学界的研究热点之一.总结了微胶囊填充型自修复涂层的修复机理.概括了常见的微胶囊填充型自修复涂层体系,包括双环戊二烯-Grubbs固化剂体系、环氧树脂固化剂体系以及极性溶剂-环氧树脂体系等,并对各体系的组成、微胶囊的稳定性及其影响因素、当前研究现状及未来发展前景进行了总结.介绍了常见的微胶囊制备方法,其中主要有原位聚合法和界面聚合法,并对各方法的原理、特点、应用范围及自身优缺点进行了介绍.对微胶囊填充型自修复涂层的性能(包括力学性能和耐蚀性能)评价方法进行了总结.自修复微胶囊的加入使涂层的断裂韧性修复效率超过90％,微胶囊使涂层层间附着力的修复效率达到87％.电化学实验可以从腐蚀电流和阻抗方面等证明微胶囊填充型自修复涂层比普通涂层具有更好的耐蚀性能,同时利用电化学实验也可以对微胶囊填充型自修复涂层的修复过程进行解释说明.最后对微胶囊填充型自修复涂层材料在不同领域的应用进行了总结,并针对微胶囊填充型自修复涂层材料未来的发展方向进行了展望.     

环氧涂层/碳钢间的界面化学键合研究

在环氧树脂E-44上接枝酒石酸对其改性,改性后的环氧树脂用来改善环氧涂层/碳钢间的界面附着力.红外光谱测试证明,改性环氧与碳钢表面发生化学键合.拉伸试验表明,改性后环氧涂层在金属表面的附着力得到明显的提升.     

自愈合微胶囊在电泳涂料中的应用

目的提高阴极电泳涂料漆膜在受到外力损伤时的自愈合能力。方法采用原位聚合法,以KH-550改性环氧树脂为囊芯,以密胺树脂添加脲醛树脂为囊壁,形成耐化学性好和粒径小的微胶囊,并加入到阴极电泳涂料中,从而增加漆膜在受到外力损伤后的自愈合能力。通过偏光显微镜、SEM对微胶囊的粒径和形貌进行了表征,通过铅笔硬度测试、附着力测试、粗糙度测试、耐盐雾试验,分别评价了电泳漆膜的硬度、附着力、粗糙度、漆膜耐蚀性。结果在阴极电泳涂料中加入微胶囊后,槽液性能指标未受影响,漆膜物理机械性能基本未受影响,粗糙度由0.174变为0.201,标准磷化板在1000 h的NSS后,划叉处明显要好于普通漆膜的防腐性。结论以KH-550改性环氧树脂为囊芯,以密胺树脂添加脲醛树脂为囊壁的微胶囊,加入阴极电泳涂料后,有效提高了漆膜在受到外力损伤后的自愈合能力。     

低温固化AMT–GO/EP复合涂层的制备及防腐性能研究

目的 研究?10 ℃下固化的复合涂层在常温和低温环境下的防腐性能。方法 通过溶液共混法成功制备了2–氨基–5巯基–1,3,4噻二唑修饰的氧化石墨烯(AMT–GO),并将其作为填料添加到环氧树脂(EP)中,随后在?10 ℃环境下进行固化,形成AMT–GO/EP复合涂层。同时,制备纯环氧涂层(纯EP)和氧化石墨烯增强环氧涂层(GO/EP)作为对照。通过盐雾试验、低温–盐雾交替试验、附着力测试和吸水率测试等方法研究了低温固化涂层的防腐性能。结果 加入AMT–GO填料的环氧涂层在?10 ℃的环境下经过72 h后可良好固化,形成更致密的交联结构,在6 d的中性盐雾试验后仍具备良好的防腐性能。该涂层的吸水率(2.77%)约为纯环氧涂层(5%)的一半,其附着力(5.53 MPa)大于纯环氧涂层的附着力(4.01 MPa)。结论 AMT可以有效地改善氧化石墨烯在环氧涂层中的分散性,在环氧涂层中添加一定量的AMT–GO可以提高低温固化涂层的交联密度,有效阻碍了腐蚀介质的渗透过程,提高了涂层的防腐性能。另外,该涂层在低温–盐雾交替试验中仍保持十分优异的防腐性能。     

典型防护涂层体系在南极大气环境中的失效行为研究

目的 研究南极多种特殊环境因素对典型有机涂层失效产生的具体作用。方法 以在南极中山站现场暴露1 a的环氧树脂类、聚氨酯类涂层体系为研究对象,通过光泽度测试、色差测试、附着力测试、SEM、EIS、FTIR等方法系统地研究涂层的失效行为,以及中山站环境因素的作用机制。结果 在环氧树脂类涂层表面有肉眼可见的剥落、起泡、微裂纹和坑状损伤,表现出比聚氨酯类涂层更加明显的失光、色差、附着力损失、化学结构变化等;电化学测试结果表明,6种涂层的无划叉试样在暴露1 a后防护性能均有所下降,其低频阻抗模值(|Z|_0.01Hz)下降了约1个数量级。其中,环氧树脂类涂层的划叉试样表现出更差的防护性能,其|Z|_0.01Hz最大下降了5个数量级,最低达到4.02×10⁴?·cm²,同时聚氨酯类涂层的|Z|0.01 Hz仍保持在10¹¹?·cm²左右。红外测试结果表明,环氧类涂层的部分官能团发生了水解反应,而聚氨酯类涂层没有发生明显的化学结构变化。此外,环氧涂层的附着力损失率较高,最高...     

不同温度对环氧涂层形状记忆效应和防护性能的影响

目的 研究不同温度对环氧涂层形状记忆效应和防护性能的影响.方法将等物质的量的双酚A二缩水甘油醚、新戊二醇二缩水甘油醚和D230固化剂进行混合,以制备自修复防腐涂层.利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)和附着力测试仪测试了环氧涂层的化学结构和力学性能,并对不同温度下环氧涂层的形状回复率进行测量,以表征其形状记忆性能.通过...     

KH-151硅烷改性纳米ZrO2对铝合金表面环氧树脂涂层防护性能的影响

在6061铝合金表面制备了硅烷改性纳米ZrO₂环氧树脂涂层,采用电化学测试和腐蚀试验,研究了纳米ZrO₂添加量对硅烷改性纳米ZrO₂环氧树脂涂层防护性能的影响,并对比了不同转化处理工艺下涂层的物理性能和防护性能。结果表明：当纳米ZrO₂添加量为100 mg/L时,硅烷改性纳米ZrO₂环氧树脂涂层试样的极化电阻为2 719Ω·cm²、自腐蚀电流密度为2.528×10^-6 A·cm^-2;在经不同转化处理工艺处理的涂层中,硅烷改性纳米ZrO₂环氧树脂涂层的平均厚度为55μm,涂层剥离面积比例为5%,附着力达到1级,极化电阻最大,自腐蚀电流密度最小,涂层防护性能最佳。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。