微地震裂缝监测技术在车排子油田的应用

通过对微地震裂缝监测技术的简单介绍,以摩尔-库伦理论为基础,应用微地震监测与分析技术对车排子井区1#井二级压裂层进行微地震压裂裂缝监测;通过微地震裂缝实时监测,获得车排子井区1#井分段暂堵压裂裂缝的方位、长度、高度等产状信息;结合车排子油田地质构造等资料,分析车排子井区1#井分段暂堵压裂裂缝形成机理及裂缝性质,科学评价该井油层渗流阻力及压裂效果改善状况,以便为今后措施的制定提供参考。     

裂缝监测技术在水平井中的应用

水平井可在薄油层中增大井筒过油层范围,实现高速注采,提高产能。某油田区块投产水平井均采用水力压裂投产方式完井,而经济有效的水力压裂应尽可能地让裂缝在储层内延伸,防止裂缝穿透水层或低压渗透层。现场作业表明,水力压裂的效果往往不十分明显,有时由于穿透隔层导致失败,造成油层压力体系破坏,影响油田的整体开发效果。因此常常需要了解、研究裂缝扩展规律并采取有效措施控制裂缝的扩展形态,从油田实践看,由于受监测手段的限制,对裂缝扩展规律的认识还十分有限。该油田通过应用微地震裂缝监测技术、压裂前后密闭井温测试、大地电位等多种裂缝监测技术,进行裂缝扩展规律的认识和研究,并通过多种裂缝监测结果比较,对水平井压裂过程中产生的人工裂缝形态有了较为清楚的认识,且对区块内其它水平井压裂过程中的施工控制及压后的效果分析有十分重要的指导作用。     

应用微地震法进行地应力及压裂缝方向监测研究

XC油区的主力油层属于低渗-超低渗储层,通过压裂作业来提高储层的渗透能力,是生产中的一个至关重要的环节.压裂效果的好坏能够直接影响到油田的后续产量.而对压裂裂缝进行监测,获取压裂裂缝的基本参数,是评价压裂效果的基础之一.本文采用最常用的人工裂缝监测技术-微地震法,对XC油区5口压裂井压裂缝进行了监测和分析研究,确定了地应力的方向,对该地区的后续压裂方案制定及井网部署具有一定的参考意义.     

微地震裂缝监测技术在中原油田的应用

对微地震裂缝监测技术原理进行了研究,主要包括微地震发生机制、定位原理、裂缝空间分布描述原理;对微地震裂缝监测技术工艺进行了描述,并对工艺原理进行了分析。微地震压裂裂缝监测技术分别在油田压裂转向、双封分层压裂、压裂效果的判定、水平井多段压裂各个方面进行了应用,有效地优化了压裂施工过程和压裂方案设计,提供了油气藏资源评价、油气藏驱替信息和未来钻井位置图及二次勘探的规划依据,达到了增产目的。     

微地震注水前缘监测在低渗油藏史103井区的应用及分析

微地震监测技术是以摩尔-库伦等理论为基础,通过记录、定位油水井在压裂、注水时因地层压力变化而产生的微地震源资料,进而计算出水驱前缘、注入水波及范围、优势注水方向,直观地评价区决水驱状况、水淹方向评价,为油藏下步开发调整,确定注采井距、注水参数、调堵方案提供依据.     

微地震水驱前缘监测技术应用浅析——以LN1-5井组为例

在对油藏进行注水开发过程中,明确注入水推进方向和水驱前缘位置是十分重要的。以摩尔一库伦理论、断裂力学准则等理论为基础的微地震水驱前缘监测技术可以对注水井进行监测,能够得到该井的水驱前缘展布状况、注入水波及范围及水驱主流方向,从而可以直观的检验注水开发效果,为后期注采井网的调整提供依据。该技术在柳102断块LN 1-5井组的现场应用监测解释结果与井组动静态资料分析结果一致,说明微地震水驱前缘监测技术可以有效的监测和评价注水开发效果。     

微地震法水驱前缘监测技术时间推移监测试验

微地震法水驱前缘监测技术时间推移监测试验通过监测选定区块内注水井不同注水阶段的水驱前缘,了解区块内各注水井的优势注水方向、推进距离等监测参数的变化情况,与地质资料相结合,最终给出随时间推移的水驱前缘展布图。本文重点介绍了微地震法水驱前缘监测原理以及时间推移监测试验测试实例,分析此项技术在大庆油田生产中的作用,及时掌握井组的水驱波及动用状况,加强注采井组调控,为区块开发方案制定及调整注水开发方案提供依据。     

无源微地震监测技术在裂缝性低渗透油田的研究与应用

本文针对敖南油田裂缝发育,注水开发过程中裂缝性见水矛盾突出实际,应用无源微地震监测技术研究了敖南油田储层裂缝的分布、走向及层位,通过裂缝发育状况对水驱前缘变化的影响,应用泊松比法结合注水井指示曲线,制定了裂缝性敖南油田合理注水参数,指导下步油田合理开发。     

微地震水驱前缘监测技术在吴起油田的应用——以26-31-1井为例

微地震水驱前缘监测技术是利用注水产的微地震来监测裂缝发育状况、注水波及区域以及优势区域。本文通过该技术在吴起油田王沟门区块26-31-1井组的应用,明确该井组水驱波及区域,为该区油水井措施提供方向,为区块开发方案制定及调整注水开发方案提供依据。     

复杂断块油藏压裂注采井网及裂缝参数优化研究

复杂断块油藏因断层多,含油面积小而难形成规则的注采井网,因此其井网形式和井距要结合油藏的具体形状来确定,对于低渗透复杂断块油藏,压裂投产措施加剧了其地质复杂性。本文在某实际低渗透断块油藏的基础上建立了不同形态的断块油藏模型:四边形、三角形等,采用正交试验设计方法和PEBI网格剖分方法,分油井压裂、水井压裂、油水井同时压裂三种情况进行了压裂井网优化及裂缝参数优化,最后在压裂基础上进行井排距优选研究,为小断块油藏的开发提供一定的指导。     

FIVE-SPOT INJECTION/PRODUCTION WELL LOCATION DESIGN BASED ON FRACTURE GEOMETRICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN HEAVY OIL FRACTURED RESERVOIRS DURING MISCIBLE DISPLACEMENT: AN EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH

Mapping fracture characteristics by using seismic acquisition and processing is important not only to identify sweet spots, but also to optimize production, especially for unconventional heavy oil reservoirs. In this experimental work we used five-spot micromodels initially saturated with heavy oil to find the optimum well locations during first-contact miscible displacement. The experiments were performed at a fixed injection rate on fractured micromodels with various patterns. The optimum location for injection/production wells was found in the pattern where fractures make an angle of 45° with the mean flow direction. Moreover, oil recovery was increased with the density, length, level of scattering, and discontinuity of fractures. The analysis of the experimentally measured recovery curve revealed that there are three distinct stages for each displacement. The efficiency of the first stage was found to be dominated by dispersion and diffusion. However, the recovery of the second stage was significantly affected by the fracture orientation. The displacement efficiency of the third stage was controlled by solvent dispersion, which is at maximum for the pattern with higher density, length, scattering, and discontinuity of fractures. Saturation monitoring showed that the fracture geometrical characteristics strongly affected the splitting, spreading, and shielding of the produced fingers and solvent front shape and consequently affected the recovery factor. As a result, five-spot micromodels can be used to investigate the optimum location of injection/production wells during miscible displacements in fractured heavy oil reservoirs.     

气井凝胶堵水技术研究

气井产水是很普遍的生产现象,具有很大的危害。通过堵水处理能有效降低产水量,同时还能提高产气量,延长开发期,国外一些油田通过对气井堵水技术的研究,发展形成了一系列凝胶／气体注入技术应用于裂缝性气藏。进一步的成果是提高凝胶在基岩中的堵水效果。     

甘谷驿西部油田注水效果分析

通过对超前注水、同步注水、滞后注水进行了对比分析,肯定了超前注水的效果.甘谷驿油田西部注水试验已4年多了,4年多来反九点法注采井网,由于井距小、微裂缝发育、主裂缝明显,东西向油井在部分水淹或含水较高,而南北向油井压裂引效措施后产量不理想,稳产期相对较短,因此优化裂缝主向、侧向井距组合,适当调整注采井网,是提高甘谷驿油田西部注水试验井区效果的关键.     

油气田开发动态监测新手段——数值试井分析

我国的大多数油田都已步入了开发后期阶段,生产井含水较高,对油气田开发动态监测技术有着更高的要求。油气田开发动态监测作为油田生产工作的基础,是油田开发过程中不可或缺的一个环节,是油气田合理开发的保障。根据油气田开发动态监测技术内容,提出其发展面临的主要问题。并基于上述研究,对数值试井分析技术进行分析,预测现阶段油气田开发动态监测技术的发展方向。     

朝阳沟裂缝特征研究及其在井网设计中的应用

朝阳沟油田是典型的裂缝性低渗透砂岩油藏,因此对其裂缝发育特征进行研究。构造力学与油井生产动态分析表明天然裂缝方向近东向西,人工裂缝方向与其一致;构造力学数值分析显示裂缝发育区域在构造轴部与断层两侧。裂缝研究将对井网优化设计起着重要的作用。     

低渗透油田注水井深部调剖技术完善与推广

陇东油区油层属低产、低渗、低压三低油田,区块较多。各区块平面上、纵向上渗透率分布差异大,导致注入水或边底水沿高渗带、大孔道、裂缝指进或锥进,使油井过早见水,并很快水淹,降低了油田采收率。为了遏制油井含水上升过快的势头,提高水驱动用程度和采收率,研究适应陇东油区的堵水调剖技术,满足封堵大孔道、驱替小孔道残余油、剥离岩石孔隙中的油膜的目的,从而提高中高含水期的水驱效率,达到提高采收率的目的。本次研究综合运用示踪剂分析、脉冲试井、PI决策、水驱前缘测试4种方法,开展对储层的见水类型、见水方向、窜流程度研究与分析;对于三叠系裂缝油藏堵剂进行了优选与评价并且提出了堵水调剖方案优化设计方法。     

重复压裂技术在采油三厂的应用

中原油田采油三厂卫城、马寨和古云集油田属低渗非均质油田,压裂是该类油藏主要增产手段,针对初次压裂过程中部分井存在压裂规模偏低、合层压裂造成部分井段未压开、初次裂缝已经失效等问题,以及目的层有新增注水受效方向时,优选压裂时机、应用重复压裂技术提高低渗透油藏开发效果。     

火驱生产井高强度封窜技术研究与应用

曙光采油厂火驱开发进程中,受平面动用不均影响,部分生产井单向突进形成气窜,影响了整个井组的开发效果。火驱生产井高强度封窜技术采用了多段塞复合封堵,即污油泥调剖剂、凝胶颗粒堵剂、耐高温封口剂三段式调剖封窜技术,实现耐高温、高强度封堵。在曙采杜66块的矿场应用表明该技术可有效防止火线单向突进,封堵气窜。     

Laboratory Studies to Determine Suitable Chemicals to Improve Oil Recovery from Garzan Oil Field

Garzan oil field is located at the south east of Turkey. It is a mature oil field and the reservoir is fractured carbonate reservoir. After producing about 1% original oil in place (OOIP) reservoir pressure started to decline. Waterflooding was started in order to support reservoir pressure and also to enhance oil production in 1960. Waterflooding improved the oil recovery but after years of flooding water breakthrough at the production wells was observed. This increased the water/oil ratio at the production wells. In order to enhance oil recovery again different techniques were investigated. Chemical enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods are gaining attention all over the world for oil recovery. Surfactant injection is an effective way for interfacial tension (IFT) reduction and wettability reversal. In this study, 31 different types of chemicals were studied to specify the effects on oil production. This paper presents solubility of surfactants in brine, IFT and contact angle measurements, imbibition tests, and lastly core flooding experiments. Most of the chemicals were incompatible with Garzan formation water, which has high divalent ion concentration. In this case, the usage of 2-propanol as co-surfactant yielded successful results for stability of the selected chemical solutions. The results of the wettability test indicated that both tested cationic and anionic surfactants altered the wettability of the carbonate rock from oil-wet to intermediate-wet. The maximum oil recovery by imbibition test was reached when core was exposed 1-ethly ionic liquid after imbibition in formation water. Also, after core flooding test, it is concluded that considerable amount of oil can be recovered from Garzan reservoir by waterflooding alone if adverse effects of natural fractures could be eliminated.