断裂控油气规律理论研究现状与进展

断裂构造是含油气盆地多种构造类型中最常见的一种,它不仅控制了盆地内沉积建造和层序发育,而且还直接或间接地控制着盆地内烃源岩、储集层、圈闭发育特征和油气的运移、聚集及油气藏的分布,只是不同级别不同性质的断裂在时空上对油气藏的形成和分布的控制作用则不相同。目前,关于断裂控油气规律的研究主要集中于断裂坡折带理论、断裂封闭性理论和断裂幕式活动理论三个方面,断裂坡折带理论集中研究同沉积断裂对沉积层序的控制,断裂封闭性理论和断裂幕式活动理论集中研究断裂活动与油气运聚关系的研究。     

湿度对锦纶66帘线强伸性能的影响

进行了湿度对锦纶66帘线强伸性能影响的试验研究。通过统计分析断裂强力、断裂强力不匀率、定负荷伸长度、断裂伸长率、断裂伸长不匀率等旨标的试验数据并结合理论分析，得出随着相对湿度的增大，锦纶66帘线断裂强力下降，定负荷伸长率、断裂伸长率及断裂强力不匀率、断裂伸长不匀率增大的结论。     

解析柴达木盆地基底构造特征及其控油意义

柴达木盆地受祁连山和昆仑山的相向挤压控制,因此发育了柴北缘断裂、昆北断裂、祁连南缘断裂等区域性断裂构造。同时在阿尔金构造带的重大影响下,发育形成了阿南断裂、格尔木——锡铁山断裂等区域性构造。在两组不同方向上断裂构造的叠加作用力下,使柴达木中后期盆地呈现出北东——南西向以及北东——南西向分带的特征,同时在油气资源的形成、分布等方面产生重大的影响。     

甲乙酮反应器进料泵轴断裂失效分析

针对甲乙酮反应器进料泵轴断裂情况，通过材质检验，断口宏观特征观察及微观形貌分析，对其失效原因进行了分析。结果表明，泵轴材质化学成分、热处理状态、金相组织和力学性能符合相关标准规定，断裂呈脆性特征，断裂面具有对称性，且断裂面上存在疲劳断裂的3个特征区，其断裂是由双向弯曲应力作用下产生的疲劳断裂。     

高柳地区断裂特征研究

高柳地区主要受控于西南庄断裂、柏各庄断裂和高柳断裂，主控断裂的剖面形态主要为铲式；高柳地区Es3底界断裂的主要方位为NW向，Es1底部为界发育的断裂的主要方位为NEE向，方位存在明显差异；主控断裂的活动具分期性，控制了凹陷的形成、构造演化和沉积中心的转移，结合各断裂与油源的沟通能力，进而形成不同的地质特征。     

拉萨地区重力场异常与断裂构造

本文以拉萨地区1：100万区域重力调查资料为依据,在对该资料进行处理与解释后,对该地区的重力异常的基本特征进行了研究。拉萨地区重力异常特征总体走向为近东西向,南部高、北部低,南部表现为重力梯级带特征,北部表现为宽大的重力低异常;通过对重力资料处理和分析,结合地质资料和其它地球物理资料,及其断裂构造在重力场上表现出的特征进行断裂识别,共识别出断裂19条（一级断裂4条、二级断裂9条、三级断裂6条）,其中的11条断裂是被首次发现,并对识别出的断裂中的几条主要断裂进行了综合解释;东西向断裂发育早、断距大、活动期长,将研究区划成了东西向的条带状结构,北东向和北西向断裂一般发育晚、断距较小,将东西向断裂进行了后期改造,使区内重力场明显具有南北成带、东西成块的基本特征。     

贵州省黔东南州北西部地热水形成条件及找矿靶区

黔东南州北西部受挽近期活动构造带的影响,区内断裂储热、导热较好,热储单元条件较好,热储主要为带状热储。文章通过对区内的挽近期活动大断裂的施洞口大断裂、镇远断裂、革东断裂热储单元的研究分析,断裂是区内地热水的重要富集构造,沿三大断裂蕴藏的地热资源十分丰富,是寻找、开发地热水资源的有利靶区。结合地方社会经济发展对地热水资源的需求,提出了找矿靶区。     

断裂检测技术在塔河于奇中三维的应用

于奇中三维奥陶系-寒武系地层走滑断裂非常发育。在于奇中三维利用相干、AFE、蚂蚁追踪技术、曲率开展了断裂检测,对比分析发现相干技术对常规断裂和异常体刻画效果最好,AFE和蚂蚁追踪技术有利于对小断裂的追踪刻画,但蚂蚁追踪技术刻画的部分小微断裂存在一定假象,曲率属性对层面变化较敏感,对断距较小的走滑断裂预测效果一般。     

几种热塑性塑料的微观断裂行为研究

利用扫描电子显微镜观察分析了聚碳酸酯、尼龙６、低密度聚乙烯的微观断裂行为，并对其断裂起因、断裂过程及断裂形态进行了讨论。     

松辽盆地南部东岭地区断裂控藏机理研究

东岭地区在区域构造应力场的作用下,断层发育较多,断裂系统组合复杂。通过开展精细构造解释研究后指出,研究区构造形态整体上呈东西分带、垒堑相间的构造格局;断裂平面发育具有极为明显的方向性,主要发育NE和近SN向断裂;断裂对油气藏的形成具有控制作用,断裂控制了圈闭的形成,形成一系列构造油气藏、构造-岩性油气藏;断裂在活动时期可以直接作为油气运移的输导体;断裂控制油气的分布与聚集。     

裂缝性储层水力裂缝扩展规律数值模拟研究

天然裂缝与水力裂缝的相互作用形成复杂裂缝的关键,采用耦合孔隙水压力的内聚力单元,模拟了天然裂缝存在下水力裂缝的扩展情况,探讨了逼近角及天然裂缝起裂应力对水力裂缝扩展及天然裂缝开启范围的影响。为保证缝内压力的连续性,在预置天然裂缝与水力裂缝的相交处耦合孔隙压力,裂缝位置采用变密度进行网格划分以提高收敛性。数值分析结果表明:水力裂缝的诱导应力场使得天然裂缝提前开启,天然裂缝的破坏形式以剪切破坏为主导;水平主应力差一定时,逼近角越小天然裂缝越易开启且开启长度越长;天然裂缝起裂应力增加,水力裂缝最大缝宽增加天然裂缝开启范围缩小。     

Time and temperature dependence of fracture in a unidirectional glass-reinforced epoxy

The results of a study on the time- and temperature-dependent behaviour of unidirectional glass fibre-reinforced epoxy are described and analysed. The fracture parameters examined are the fracture strength, the work of fracture and the apparent fracture toughness. It is shown that the fracture strength decreases with increasing temperature and decreasing loading rate; the work of fracture exhibits a sharp minimum in the vicinity of room temperature, and the fibre pull-out length increases by a factor of 4 at 76K as compared with the room temperature length; the fracture toughness is found to be independent of the crack length and only dependent on the fracture strength; thus its trend with loading rate and temperature follow those of the fracture strength.     

聚硫密封剂浸油后拉伸断裂行为分析

研究了聚硫密封剂浸航空煤油后的断裂行为,对在3号航空煤油中浸渍不同时间(0、24、48、120、168h)的聚硫密封剂进行了拉伸性能测试,采用扫描电子显微镜,对拉伸断裂试样进行了断口观察,并对聚硫密封剂的断裂特征形成原因进行了分析.研究表明:密封剂拉伸时,裂纹形成、扩展到最后试样断裂,其过程可分为裂纹慢速扩展和快速断裂...     

Factors that influence the flexural strength of SiC-based porous ceramics used for hot gas filter support

The influences of molding pressures, bonding phase contents, and SiC particle sizes on the flexural strength of SiC-based porous ceramics were investigated based on their microstructure of fracture surface. The SEM morphologies and EDS element analysis results of fracture surface showed that there were two different kinds of fracture points: SiC particle fracture points and bonding phase fracture points. It is found that molding pressures, bonding phase contents, and SiC particle sizes affect the SiC particle fracture point area in the fracture surface, and the fraction of the SiC particle fracture point area in the minimum solid area of fracture surface is a determined influence factor for the flexural strength of SiC-based porous ceramics used for hot gas filter support.     

Fractography of human hair

The fracture behavior of human hair has been investigated with a view toward delineating fracture mechanisms that lead to different types of fracture under tensile loading. Principally, three types of fracture are encountered—smooth fractures, step fractures, and fractures involving undefined fibrillated ends. The moisture content of the fiber plays an important role in determining the type of fracture that occurs. Fiber conditioned at either low (～0%) or high (90%) relative humidity give predominantly smooth fractures, whereas those conditioned at intermediate relative humidities given predominantly step fractures. Surface treatments with polymers or surfactants do not seem to have any effect on the strength or the fracture behavior of fibers. At low moisture contents, fracture initiation occurs more often in the cortex, whereas, at high moisture contents, fracture almost always initiates at the surface of the fiber, suggesting that the swelling pressure of the cortex plays a significant role in fracture initiation. Fibers with larger cross-sectional areas tend to split along the axis because of the higher probability of encountering flaws or medullary cells which direct cracks along the fiber axis. Unlike synthetic polymeric fibers, hair fibers seem to follow the Griffith criterion of brittle fracture. This may be coincidental since electron microscopic evidence suggests that fracture propagation occurs by secondary cracks generated as a result of stress concentrations building up at the periphery of the primary crack. The rate of stress transfer to adjacent cortical cells via intercellular cement probably plays an important role in the fracture mechanism.     

The plane-strain essential work of fracture as a measure of the fracture toughness of ductile polymers

We have extended the essential work of fracture technique to allow for the determination of the plane-strain essential work of fracture. The new technique is to measure the specific work of fracture as a function of ligament length in deeply double edge notched samples. This type of data is then experimentally corrected to remove the plastic work of fracture and leave only the essential work of fracture as a function of ligament length. By extrapolating the essential work of fracture to zero-ligament length, we claim to be measuring the plane-strain essential work of fracture. This new technique was applied to two rubber toughened nylons and to a series of polyethylenes. The plane-strain essential work of fracture was found to be independent of thickness. Where comparison can be made to J-integral testing, the plane-strain essential work of fracture was similar to the critical J-integral, J_Ic.     

压裂水平井裂缝形态研究

介绍了压裂水平井裂缝形态及产生原因,并分析了不同形态裂缝的优缺点,在此基础上对水平压裂设计中的射孔方案和压裂工艺给出了一些建议,以期得到最高的施工成功率和最好的施工效果。     

多层CT扫描在髋臼骨折诊断中的临床应用

目的探讨多层CT重建在复杂的髋臼骨折诊断治疗中的应用价值。方法对18例接受手术治疗的髋臼骨折患者的临床资料进行分析。其中男13例,女5例;平均年龄33岁(20～47岁)。术前应用多层螺旋CT对18例进行容积扫描,原始数据处理和三维重建,对普通X线片与结合CT扫描的依据Judet-Letournal分类法进行诊断分型,并对结果进行比较分析。结果18例中复杂骨折15例,其中二柱三壁骨折7例,前柱三壁骨折4例,后柱三壁骨折4例;单纯骨折3例,均为单壁或者横断骨折。3例合并有股骨头软骨撕脱骨折普通X线片没有发现。结论多层CT扫描重建为髋臼骨折的诊断、分型和治疗方法的选择提供直观的影像依据。     

Effect of fiber orientation on Mode I fracture toughness of CFRP

The effect of fiber orientations on fracture toughness of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) in Mode I loading was investigated using double cantilever beam (DCB) specimens, based on mesoscopic mechanics. Mesoscopic interlaminar fracture toughness of 0//0 interphase of CFRP was evaluated with mesoscopic finite element models using experimental data. The fracture surface roughness was observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Then the mesoscopic interlaminar fracture toughness of CFRP was correlated with the fracture surface roughness. Additionally, the change of the Mode I macroscopic fracture toughness of CFRP was experimentally measured with changing the numbers of 0 and ±θ layers of DCB specimens. The correlation between the fracture toughness of 0//0 and θ//?θ interphases was discussed and a novel procedure was proposed to predict the macroscopic fracture toughness of θ//?θ interphase using finite element method (FEM). The fracture toughness of θ//?θ interphase analyzed by FEM was finally compared with the experimental results to verify the proposed prediction procedure. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

PBX断裂力学行为研究进展

从常用实验方法、细观断裂模式、宏观断裂力学以及动态断裂方面,概述了近年来国内外关于PBX断裂力学行为的研究状况;介绍了PBX宏观和细观断裂特征及表征手段;阐述了细观结构、力学特性、温度和加载率对PBX断裂行为的影响。指出应开展PBX细观微裂纹萌生和扩展、宏观起裂机理研究,及动态加载下PBX裂纹扩展行为研究,建立适合PBX材料特性的复合型断裂准则。附参考文献51篇。