同时硝化反硝化处理渗滤液和粪水混合液研究

研究了采用序批式反应器同时硝化反硝化处理垃圾渗滤液与市政粪水混合液的可行性。实验过程中COD、BOD5、TN和NH4 -N的平均去除率分别达到93.76%、98.28%、84.74%和99.21%,相应的污泥平均去除负荷为238.99g/(kgMLSS·d)、76.70g/(kgMLSS·d)、39.43g/(kgMLSS·d)和36.13g/(kgMLSS·d)。反应器内存在高效同时硝化反硝化反应,硝化率和反硝化率分别达到99%和84%,电子计量学研究表明,反应器内存在比全程反硝化消耗碳源更少的脱氮反应形式。结果表明,粪水的混入可有效提高垃圾渗滤液的可生化性,渗滤液和粪水混合液同时硝化反硝化处理效果良好,但反应器出水COD浓度仍略高,仍需进一步的深度处理。     

垃圾渗滤液硝化动力学模型研究

垃圾渗滤液硝化动力学模型不同于低浓度氨氮废水硝化动力学模型。国际水协建立的硝化动力学模型仅适用于城市污水等低浓度氨氮污水的硝化反应,不适用于垃圾渗滤液的硝化反应。通过对中山市老虎坑垃圾填埋场垃圾渗滤液处理厂试验研究,建立了适合于垃圾渗滤液的硝化动力学模型。关键词:高氨氮废水;硝化;动力学模型     

MBR处理垃圾渗滤液的短程硝化研究

研究了膜生物反应器处理垃圾渗滤液的现象及机理,研究表明,反应器内存在较好的短程硝化效果。考察了DO、Ph、C/N等对有机物和氨的去除效果以及对同步硝化反硝化的影响。试验结果表明,在pH值为7.0～8.5,温度为25℃,DO为0.75 mg/L的条件下,短程效果最好,亚硝态氮的积累稳定在90%左右,氨氮去除率可达95%以上,但总氮去除率仅有50%,其原因是碳源不足。     

陈垃圾反应器处理垃圾渗滤液过程中的化学反应

垃圾渗滤液作为一种难处理的有机废水,主要通过生物法对其进行处理。利用陈垃圾反应器对渗滤液进行处理,稳定运行的反应器中存在厌氧氨氧化菌、好氧硝化菌和反硝化菌,其中进行的反应包括好氧硝化反应、厌氧氨氧化反应和异养反硝化反应。     

老龄垃圾填埋场渗滤液短程硝化试验研究

在A/O模式运行的SBR反应器中进行垃圾渗滤液短程硝化工艺的实现及稳定控制技术研究。结果表明,通过逐步提高进水中垃圾渗滤液比例,可使市政污水处理厂污泥快速适应垃圾渗滤液的水质,并实现稳定的短程硝化,亚硝氮积累率可高达95%以上;氨氮负荷是影响短程硝化系统快速启动的重要因素。在稳定的短程硝化系统中,曝气阶段后期溶解氧显著增加,但未对亚硝氮积累率产生影响;试验过程中水温变化在12～29℃范围内,垃圾渗滤液的短程硝化效果维持稳定,在低温条件下亦能保持对NOB的良好抑制作用。     

FA与FNA对A/O工艺短程硝化处理垃圾渗滤液的影响

针对垃圾渗滤液的特殊水质特点,研究了游离氨(FA)与游离亚硝酸(FNA)对A/O工艺短程硝化反硝化处理垃圾渗滤液脱氮效果的影响。试验结果表明,当初始氨氮平均增大到300 mg/L时,系统可实现稳定的短程硝化反硝化,亚硝态氮积累率达到60.79%,并随着初始氨氮浓度的增加进一步提高,系统对氨氮的去除率始终维持在80%以上。初始氨氮浓度对系统硝化类型有极大影响,FA与FNA的交替抑制作用是系统启动并维持稳定短程硝化过程的关键。     

复合式SBR工艺同步硝化反硝化的研究

复合式SBR工艺是在SBR工艺基础上改进,反应器内布置填料而成。试验研究了不同的DO、C／N和MESS对COD、总氮、氨氮和同步硝化反硝化的影响。实验证明：在DO=1mg／L时,系统的同步硝化反硝化效果最好;氨氮和总氮的去除率随着C／N的增而增大,当C／N=15时,同步硝化反硝化效果最好;MLSS越大,总氮的去除率越大,同步硝化反硝化效果越好。在反应器内应保持适当的DO浓度,对于碳源不足的水质,不宜采用同步硝化反硝化,通过控制适宜的MLSS和缩短曝气时间,可能达到降低运行成本的目的。     

延时曝气SBR工艺处理垃圾渗滤液的脱氮微生物研究

针对垃圾渗滤液中高浓度NH_(4-)~+N的处理,以及剩余污泥减量问题,提出采用延时曝气SBR工艺对垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液进行处理。分析了该工艺对NH_(4-)~+N的处理效果及其脱氮微生物种群的情况。结果表明,延时曝气SBR工艺对垃圾渗滤液的NH_(4-)~+N去除率可达85%～95%,同时在SBR反应器中产生了一些可进行好氧反硝化的微生物种群,如Thauera,Pseudofulvimonas,Azoarcus等,其在菌群中总的相对丰度为43.83%。初步运行结果表明,延时曝气SBR工艺中好氧反硝化功能菌的存在保证了其脱氮效果。     

移动床生物膜反应器SHARON工艺半亚硝化特性

采用移动床生物膜反应器（MBBR）对城市垃圾渗滤液进行SHARON工艺研究。主要研究了该反应器的启动情况和氨氮浓度、溶解氧（DO）以及pH等因素对反应器半亚硝化效果的影响。结果表明,在控制HRT=1 d、温度30℃、DO=0.5～1.0 mg·L^-1、pH=7.5左右、无污泥回流等条件下,经过4周的运行,成功地选择培养出亚硝化型生物膜,实现了短程硝化。研究表明通过控制进水氨氮浓度、DO和pH,可以达到出水半亚硝化的处理效果。当进水氨氮浓度为500 mg·L^-1时,出水半亚硝化的控制条件是pH=7.0,DO=1.5 mg·L^-1;而在进水氨氮浓度为300 mg·L^-1时,控制pH=7.0,DO=1.0 mg·L^-1,出水也可实现半亚硝化。最大可能计数法（MPN）测定发现,亚硝化菌在数量上的绝对优势是反应器能始终保持高效稳定的亚硝氮积累的主要原因。     

膜生物反应器处理废水硝化/反硝化能力研究

本研究采用前置缺氧／好氧膜生物反应(Anoxic／Oxic Membrane Bioreactor,AOmR)处理废水,分别对NH^ 4-N及总氮(TN)的去除效果、硝化／反硝化能力以及影响因素进行了研究。试验结果表明：在碳源充足、水力停留时间(HI汀)为6．5h、污泥泥龄(SRT)为30d、pH值范围为7、0～8．5条件下,进水NH^ 4-N平均值为240mg/L时,反应器能够保持良好的硝化、反硝化能力,出水NH^ 4-N值能稳定在2．5mg/L左右,平均去除率为98．5％,TN平均去除率为65％。     

ASBR处理中晚期垃圾渗滤液中试研究

通过ASBR中试反应器处理某垃圾填埋场内垃圾渗滤液,在不调节pH的条件下,探讨了水力停留时间、搅拌方式和进水氨氮浓度对ASBR反应器处理中晚期垃圾渗滤液的影响。结果表明：当HRT=4 d时,间歇搅拌和氨氮浓度低于800 mg/L时,ASBR反应器达到最佳,ASBR反应器对COD、TN和SS的平均去除率为32.04%、10.5%和32.63%,渗滤液可生化性由0.39提高到0.46;进水氨氮浓度大于800 mg/L,即FA〉62.59 mg/L时会抑制有机物的降解。     

老龄垃圾渗滤液高氨氮的电化学氧化及其能耗分析

针对垃圾渗滤液高氨氮、难生物降解的特点,采用电化学氧化法对含高浓度氨氮的垃圾渗滤液进行预处理,考察了不同电极材料、电流密度、Cl-质量浓度、pH、极水比等因素对渗滤液中高NH3-N去除的影响,分析了电化学氧化法处理垃圾渗滤液的能耗和电流效率。结果表明,在电流密度30 mA.cm-2、Cl-质量浓度5 000 mg.L-1、pH为8、极水比17.8 m2.m-3的条件下,以Ti/RuO2-IrO2-TiO2电极为阳极电解6 h后,NH3-N的去除率、电流效率和比能耗分别为99.9%、35%和91.9 kWh.kg-1。     

化学沉淀法处理中晚年垃圾填埋场渗滤液技术研究

针对中晚年垃圾填埋场渗滤液高浓度氨氮影响生化系统运行,研究采用灵活增设磷酸铵镁化学沉淀法达到降低氨氮浓度。试验考察了沉淀时间、pH、药剂投加配比等因素对中晚期垃圾渗滤液中氨氮去除的影响。在最佳条件下,氨氮的去除率为95%,为后续的生化单元提供了保障。     

厌氧/好氧生物流化床耦合处理垃圾渗滤液的新工艺研究

采用厌氧/好氧生物流化床耦合工艺处理垃圾渗滤液。探索了厌氧/好氧的耦合及各种工艺操作条件对垃圾渗滤液生物降解效率的影响,并对其影响机理进行了初步的探讨。结果表明,经过高效厌氧流化床的处理, 垃圾渗滤液的可生化性可提高49.1%。CODCr/NH4+-N比值对渗滤液好氧生物降解性能有较显著的影响,适宜的CODCr/NH4+-N比值应控制在7.6左右。当进水CODCr及NH4+-N浓度分别为5000mgL-1、280mgL-1左右时,系统出水主要指标达到GB16889-1997一级排放标准。当系统受到短时间(12h左右)超过正常运行负荷约3倍的负荷冲击时,能在4d左右的时间内恢复正常。本研究为垃圾渗滤液的治理提供了新的解决方案。     

CANON工艺处理实际晚期垃圾渗滤液的启动实验

针对晚期垃圾渗滤液NH₄^--N浓度高、C/N低、深度脱氮困难的问题,采用CANON工艺在曝气/缺氧搅拌循环交替的运行方式下,处理晚期垃圾渗滤液实现了深度脱氮。系统经过130 d的驯化培养后成功启动,长期试验研究结果表明,在进水COD、NH₄^--N、TN浓度（mg·L^-1）分别为2050±250、1625±75和2005±352情况下,出水COD、NH₄^--N、TN浓度（mg·L^-1）能达到407±14、8±4和19±4,总氮去除率达到了98.76%。在未投加外碳源的情况下,CANON工艺在曝气/缺氧搅拌的运行方式下实现了对晚期垃圾渗滤液的深度脱氮。此外,经荧光原位杂交（FISH）检测表明,在该运行方式下能够成功富集氨氧化菌和厌氧氨氧化菌,各占总菌数的19.5%±1.3%和42.7%±5.02%,为CANON工艺用于处理晚期垃圾渗滤液的工程应用提供参考。     

Design of a novel sequencing batch internal micro-electrolysis reactor for treating mature landfill leachate

A novel sequencing batch internal micro-electrolysis reactor (SIME) was specifically designed to treat mature landfill leachate. The idea of simulating the biological process of a sequencing batch activated sludge reactor (SBR) was employed in the design of the new reactor. The innovative concepts behind this design are the combination of the processes of reductive internal micro-electrolysis (IME) without aeration and oxidative IME with aeration, and the integration of electro-aggregation and electro-coagulation. The automated operating system in this reactor is centralized automation which rewards for safe control, convenient operation and the possibility of commercial application. The SIME reactor exhibited a COD removal efficiency of 86.1% for mature landfill leachate in this study, which is much higher than that of conventional treatments, such as electrolysis, coagulation–sedimentation, and the Fenton process. A pilot-scale experiment showed that the reactor was also particularly efficient in the removal of color, humic acids, and metal ions. The BOD₅/COD ratio of the leachate was significantly improved after the treatment. All of these results show that the SIME reactor is a promising new technology because it is efficient and automated, and has the potential to be applied to the practical treatment of mature landfill leachate.     

废铁屑耦合矿化垃圾反应床处理填埋场渗滤液研究

为了构建合理的废铁屑耦合矿化垃圾反应床工艺,分别进行了停留时间对铁屑处理填埋场渗滤液和矿化垃圾反应床出水的影响对比分析.并据此研究了前置铁屑固定床耦合矿化垃圾反应床处理填埋场渗滤液的效能.结果表明,在不进行pH调节的条件下,前置铁屑固定床和间歇曝气沉淀具有明显强化反应床体系去除COD和氨氮的能力,出水COD和氨氮分别小...     

Anaerobic Treatment of Leachates in a Pilot-Scale UASB: Strategy of Start-up

The anaerobic digestion of leachates from a solid urban wastes landfill was studied using an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor in pilot scale. The strategy of start-up and acclimation was based on gradual substitution of easily biodegradable feed with landfill leachate. All modifications were based on the attainment of 70% COD removal. Having completed the start-up, the kinetics of leachate biodegradation were studied and the values of kinetic parameters were obtained by fitting experimental data to the equation of Chen and Hashimoto. The biodegradability assays indicated that 40–50% of COD in leachate was biodegradable. The highest COD removal was 90–100% if only the biodegradable matter was considered.     

Operational strategy for a partial nitritation–sequencing batch reactor treating urban landfill leachate to achieve a stable influent for an anammox reactor

BACKGROUND: In recent years, new technologies have been developed to deal with streams with high nitrogen loads, most of them based on the anammox process. As a first step in this process, ammonium has to be partially oxidized to nitrite. This partial nitritation is usually carried out through the SHARON process. However, it can also be achieved using other configurations (sequencing batch reactor or biofilm airlift, among others). The aim of this paper is to compare two different feeding strategies (fed‐batch and step‐feed) for the operation of a partial nitritation–sequencing batch reactor (PN‐SBR) treating raw urban landfill leachate. RESULTS: A PN‐SBR treating urban landfill leachate was started up and operated using two different feeding strategies: fed‐batch and step‐feed. When the experimental results were compared, it could be seen that during the step‐feed strategy the system was more stable and presented a better performance. In addition, a cycle profile evolution of the reactor in each strategy was carried out to study the dynamics of the main chemical compounds, as well as different physical parameters. The profiles were similar for the nitrogen compounds, but with a difference in behaviour of pH, inorganic carbon and oxygen uptake ratio, which could explain the better performance and stability of the step‐feed strategy. CONCLUSIONS: This study has demonstrated that the step‐feed strategy is more suitable than the fed‐batch because it performs better overall, there is less fluctuation in its operation and it has higher effluent quality stabilization. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

填料对生活垃圾降解及渗滤液水质水量的影响

为了考察在生活垃圾中添加具有吸附性和干燥性的填料对垃圾降解速率、渗滤液产生量、渗滤液水质的影响,在实验室建立了五个圆柱形垃圾厌氧填埋反应器,用于模拟垃圾填埋场的运行情况,以不添加填料反应器作对比,其余四个反应器中分别混合加入锯末、活性炭、沸石、报纸作为填料。实验中对五个反应器中的垃圾层高度、渗滤液产生量、产生渗滤液的COD和NH3-N及重金属离子浓度进行了检测。实验结果表明:在垃圾中添加具有吸附和干燥性的填料具有减少渗滤液产量、加速垃圾降解和减少溶入渗滤液中污染物质的作用,整体来看,锯末在发挥这些作用方面要好于其他三种填料。