Inhibitory effect of parenterally administered dicarboxylic amino acids on gastric secretion]

Tests conducted on dogs established that glutaminic and aspargic acids introduced into the blood by the drip method call forth inhibition of the gastric secretion stimulated by other amino acids (alanine, glycine, proline). The dicarboxylic amino acids inhibit also the reflex phase of the gastric secretion provoked by injection of histamine. It is only against the background of a repeated introduction of histamine for many hours that they produce a sharply marked inhibitory effect. This manifests itself chiefly in dogs with denervated isolated pouches, while with intact innervation of gastric glands this effect is very poorly pronounced. Introduction of beta-adrenolytic-obsidan is attended by a drastic reduction of this effect.     

酵母退化对啤酒发酵的影响

优质啤酒源于良好的发酵,啤酒酵母则是发酵的灵魂和命脉。酵母的质量直接影响到啤酒的质量,如何保证酵母具有良好的生理性能,就成了保证啤酒质量的关键。本文从影响酵母退化的因素、造成的危害及预防措施等方面进行了分析和探讨。1　影响酵母退化的因素11　酵母本身生理机...     

Mechanism of alcohol action on gastric secretion

In chronic experiment on dogs (3 dogs with Pavlov's miniature stomach, 3 dogs with Heidenhain's miniature stomach) the mechanism of action of alcohol (8%-150 ml) on gastric secretion was clarified. For this purpose the new inhibitor of gastric secretion--glycopeptide was utilized, which action was preset in laboratory of G.K. Shlygin. Was shown, that in effect of alcohol on gastric secretion take place the complicated mechanism including as a nervous regulation (vagus nerves), and humoral: participation of gastrin and histamine in secretory effect of a stomach, and also immediate effect of ethanol on acid glands.     

The effect of microbial arabinoxylanases on premature yeast flocculation

The use of barley malt infected with microorganisms can induce premature yeast flocculation (PYF) during fermentation. To understand this further, it is necessary to determine the role of microbial enzymes influencing PYF. In this study, the induction of PYF by two arabinoxylanases from Bacillus subtilis (A and B) and one from Aspergillus brasiliensis (F) was investigated. The results showed that all three arabinoxylanases could induce premature yeast flocculation. Husk from PYF negative (PYF-) malt pre-treated with arabinoxylanases could induce severe PYF. An increase in enzyme activity resulted in an increase in of PYF. Bound ferulic acid – an important component inducing PYF – increased significantly in the 40% (v/v) ethanol precipitate of wort. However, the ratio of ferulic acid/arabinoxylan in the 40% ethanol precipitate decreased with an increase in arabinoxylanase F, but increased with arabinoxylanases A and B. The addition of the three arabinoxylanases at the beginning of the PYF- mashing process showed that the arabinoxylanases A and B could induce PYF with greater intensity than arabinoxylanase F. It can be inferred that the bacterial arabinoxylanases produced more PYF factors than from Aspergillus brasiliensis. The results of this study may provide new insights for further research and focus on the role of bacteria in PYF. © 2020 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling     

The role of amino acids in the regulation of gastric secretion

The experiments conducted on dogs have demonstrated that amino acids entering blood increase the maximum response of gastric glands to pentagastrin 2-3-fold, to histamine by 20-25%. The test on rats has revealed varying concentrations of amino acids when they are passing through the liver: a half of certain amino acids (lysine, glycine, proline etc.) is retained in the liver, other (cystine) increase their concentration in the hepatic vein as compared to that in the portal vein, whereas amino acids with ramified carbon chain are insignificantly retained by the liver. The data obtained have evidenced an important role of amino acids in the third intestinal phase of gastric secretion during protein food intake and in the modulating of gastric secretion under conditions of mixed food intake.     

Bile secretion in dogs after intravenous administration of glucose

The effect of drop infusions of 10% glucose solution for parenteral nutrition, in a dose of 2 g/kg, on bile secretion was studied in experiments on dogs with chronic gallbladder-duodenal fistulas. It was demonstrated that the infusion of hypertonic glucose solution inhibits bile production quantitatively and qualitatively.     

酵母对无花果酒有机酸的影响

为研究不同商业酵母发酵对无花果酒有机酸的影响,通过5株商业酵母发酵无花果酒,测定无花果酒及汁中有机酸含量,通过主成分分析研究不同酵母与有机酸之间的相关性。结果表明:5株酵母发酵无花果汁后有机酸总量升高,乙酸、丁二酸、柠檬酸、马来酸含量升高,其中菌株D254发酵的酒中乙酸、丁二酸的含量最高分别为3 805.99,2 194.29mg/L,KD发酵的无花果酒中柠檬酸含量最高为1 635.31 mg/L,不同菌株发酵无花果汁后富马酸、草酸含量均下降,菌株KD对草酸含量的保留高于其它菌株,为104.99mg/L;通过主成分分析发现与菌株KD密切相关的有机酸种类最多,分别为苹果酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、草酸。     

Effect of carbon branched-chain amino acids on gastric secretion

Experiments on dogs with Basov's gastric fistulas were made to study the effect of amino acids with branched carbon chains (L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-valine) on gastric secretion. The mixture of amino acids in a concentration of 0.16 M exerts a powerful enough stimulant action, provoking gastric secretion amounting to 2/3 of the value obtained during sham meat feeding. The value of the secretion determined by other amino acids (L-alanine, L-proline) was the same. Unlikely, gastric secretion provoked by glycine (0.16 M) was approximately 1.5 times more intense as compared to that induced by the mixture of amino acids with branched carbon chains. The intense action of glycine is likely to be related to the fact that, apart from the properties common to other amino acids, it possesses the properties of neurotransmitters. L-glutamic acid (0.1 M) administered to the blood produces marked inhibition of gastric secretion caused by the mixture of amino acids with branched carbon chains and the same inhibition of secretion due to administration of other amino acids.     

The effect of red pigment on the amyloidization of yeast proteins

The intensity of amyloid-bound thioflavine T fluorescence was studied in crude lysates of yeast strains carrying mutations in the ADE1 or ADE2 genes and accumulating the red pigment (a result of polymerization of aminoimidazoleribotide), and in white isogenic strains--either adenine prototrophs or carrying mutations at the first stages of purine biosynthesis. We found that the red pigment leads to a drop of amyloid content. This result, along with the data on separation of protein polymers of white and red strains in PAGE, suggests that the red pigment inhibits amyloid fibril formation. The differences in transmission of the thioflavine T fluorescence pattern by cytoduction and in blot-hybridization of pellet proteins of red and white [PSI(+) ] strains with Sup35p antibodies confirmed this conclusion. Purified red pigment treatment also led to a decrease of fluorescence intensity of thioflavine T bound to insulin fibrils and to yeast pellet protein aggregates from [PSI(+) ] strains. This suggests red pigment interaction with amyloid fibrils. Comparison of pellet proteins from red and white isogenic strains separated by 2D-electrophoresis followed by MALDI analysis has allowed us to identify 48 pigment-dependent proteins. These proteins mostly belong to functional classes of chaperones and proteins involved in glucose metabolism, closely corresponding to prion-dependent proteins that we characterized previously. Also present were some proteins involved in stress response and proteolysis. We suppose that the red pigment acts by blocking certain sites on amyloid fibrils that, in some cases, can lead in vivo to interfere with their contacts with chaperones and the generation of prion seeds.