激光聚变靶丸球度测量与评定

为了解决激光聚变靶丸表面形貌高精度测量与评定的难题,提出一种激光差动共焦靶丸球度测量与评定方法,该方法利用激光差动共焦测量系统的轴向响应曲线的过零点与其物镜焦点位置相对应这一特性实现对靶丸表面的定焦,通过将靶丸在两个正交的方向上分别旋转,测量并获取靶丸表面的数个截面,实现靶丸表面全形貌测量,利用最小区域球度评定算法,建立靶丸球度评定的三维模型,对靶丸表面形貌进行定量评定。搭建实验装置对靶丸表面进行采样测量,评定结果显示,该方法的测量重复性为0.15μm,为靶丸表面形貌测量与评定提供了一种可行方案。     

基于GPS的测量不确定度评定方法分析

本文阐述了新一代GPS不确定度理论的形成、发展,以及在实现几何产品规范设计与计量认证统一中的重要作用;基于测量不确定度贡献因素的分析,着重研究了测量不确定度的评定方法、模型及应用技术,为实现测量不确定度评定管理的规范统一奠定必要的技术基础。     

拟合最小二乘球的球度测量

本文通过对被测球面上的两个非完整球面的最小二乘拟合，来给出测量球度误差的原理和数学模型。     

测量不确定度评定与分析

测量不确定度是在当代国际贸易和技术交流活动中,各国用于表征测量结果的质量优劣的一种先进方法,章简要描述了测量不确定度的评定与分析方法,并举例说明其应用分析过程。     

微球球度测量技术的研究进展

根据目前微球球度测量技术的原理,首先将其分为接触式测量和非接触式测量,其中非接触测量主要分为光学图像测量法和激光干涉测量法,就此对国内外微球球度测量技术进行了介绍和比较,并指出各种测量技术需要解决的问题。然后针对这些技术的局限性,如被测尺寸较大、测量精度不高、测量对象材料限制等,探讨了目前正在研究中的新型球度测量方法和技术。最后对微球球度测量方法和技术的研究及开发趋势进行了总结和展望。     

测量不确定度在测量结果合格评定中的应用分析

实验室认可准则文件要求:检测实验室应有能力对测量结果进行测量不确定度分析,并规定了测量不确定度应用的四种条件。本文以检测实验室对测量结果进行合格评定的角度,举例介绍了测量不确定度的应用,以加深检测人员对测量不确定度应用的理解和认识,确保在重要过程、关键项目进行合格评定时,测量数据的有效性以及结论的公正性,降低检测风险。     

关于对称度的测量和评定

形位公差中的对称度测量和评定在机床行业中是经常遇到的问题,例如轴键槽和孔键槽及一些专用工装,量检具上的对称度测量和评定。常见的有对称度要求的零件形状如图1。 对称度的测量和评定问题似乎比较简单,其实不然。首先,有关形位公差标准GB1958-80中原规定的对键槽的评定方法实例不够全面,对称度的正确评定方法在标准颁布之后还经历了一个不断完善的过     

CO分析仪测量不确定度的评定方法及误差分析

根据监测仪器的测量原理、校准方法分析不确定度的来源,按不确定度评定原则给出测量不确定度的评定方法;根据不确定度分量值,分析误差的主要来源.     

CO分析仪测量不确定度的评定方法及误差分析

根据监测仪器的测量原理、校准方法分析不确定度的来源,按不确定度评定原则给出测量不确定度的评定方法;根据不确定度分量值,分析误差的主要来源.     

差分光谱法仪器测量不确定度的评定方法

为检验测量结果的可信性、可比性，必须对测量结果的不确定度进行评定。根据监测仪器的测量原理、校准方法分析不确定度的来源，按不确定度评定原则给出测量不确定度的评定方法。     

激光聚变靶丸球面经纬迹线优化球度测量方法

针对激光聚变靶丸表面3D全形貌的高精度测量与评价难题,提出一种基于激光差动共焦原理的靶丸球面经纬迹线优化球度测量方法。该方法采用经纬迹线划分方案提高形貌信息采样覆盖率,实现靶丸球面形貌高效高精度测量。首先,利用差动共焦测量系统对靶丸球面经纬迹线上二维圆周采样点进行精准定焦,获取二维轮廓信息;然后,利用精密三维位姿调整机构和正交回转轴系切换被测截面,获取覆盖靶丸全球面多条经纬迹线处的高度信息;最后依据建立的靶丸球面经纬迹线三维坐标转换模型,采用最小二乘算法对靶丸球度进行高精度评定,并对靶丸表面进行形貌重构。实验结果表明：测量57条迹线,被测靶丸的球度误差为1.946μm。该方法为靶丸表面全形貌高精度测量与评定以及定性观察提供了可行性方案。     

Estimation of sphericity by means of statistical processing for roundness of spherical parts

In the industrial standard of “balls for rolling bearings,” deviation from spherical form (sphericity) is defined as follows. It is usually determined by numerically evaluating the ball profiles, in two or three equatorial planes at 90° to each other, and recording them on a polar chart. Furthermore, the standard indicates that the minimum circumscribed circle method is relatively simple and generally satisfactory for ball profiles, and the method is also based on the assumption that two or three equatorial profiles at 90° to each other are a good indication of the deviation from spherical form. The measurement method for three-dimensional (3-D) spherical profiles is two-dimensional (2-D), because a practical (3-D) measuring system for spherical forms remains to be developed. This is another important problem. Using the method recommended in the standard, the deviation value is significantly underestimated, because the major part of the 3-D surface is not measured. Verification of the above-mentioned assumption is also difficult in general. If numerous measurements of 2-D profiles are performed, the degree of underestimation decreases. However, this requires much time and labor. In this study, a 3-D deviation value from spherical form is calculated from a few 2-D roundness values obtained using a general roundness measuring system with a statistical technique. Furthermore, an appropriate number of measuring cross sections necessary to estimate the sphericity with high reliability are presented.     

砝码测量能力(CMC)评定

质量是七大物理基本量之一,从质量可以导出许许多多物理量。而砝码是承载质量量值的载体,对它的计量控制关系到量值传递的准确性。本文以对1mg～500mg进行预评估为例来确定E2等级砝码标准装置（1mg～500mg）段的最佳测量能力。测量依据：JJG99-2006《砝码检定规程》。工作原理：通过衡量仪器,按照一定的测量顺序,分别接收标准砝码与被检砝码的质量信息,对标准砝码与被检砝码的质量量值进行比较后,得到质量差值,已知标准砝码的质量值,按照折算质量的修正公式计算得到被检砝码的质量值。     

阀门壳体局部区域壁厚测量评价方法的探讨

分析了国内和国外有关标准对阀门壳体局部区域壁厚的规定,提出了阀门壳体局部区域壁厚测量评价方法。     

一种球面在线检测系统及其结构设计

光学镜片需求量日趋增长,镜片的在线检测有助于提高产品生产率。结合球面镜片的生产特点,基于泰曼—格林干涉原理设计了一种球面在线检测系统,同时对其机构进行了设计。该系统组成简单、安装简易,可适用于凹、凸球面的检验。用普通的光学样板代替标准镜头产生参考波前,价格相对低廉;同时根据光学样板的外形特点设计了调节机构,调节方便。通过样机调试,获得干涉图样清晰、稳定,可以满足后续的图像处理要求。     

Analysis of basic probability distributions,their properties and use in determining type B evaluation of measurement uncertainties

The present paper provides a circumstantial analysis of all basic probability distributions from the point of view of their properties and their use for the determination of measurement uncertainties by using type B evaluation methods. A special attention is devoted to four non-normal probability distributions D_i (rectangular distribution, triangular or Simpson’s distribution, bimodal triangular distribution and trapezoidal distribution) and to the family of U(c)-distributions, often called horseshoe distributions. All these distributions are mutually compared and for all of them the coverage factors k_p,Di at the confidence level p are calculated including the solution of the inverse problem, i.e. the calculation of the p-values associated with the typical coverage factors k_p = 1, 2 and 3 together with the calculation of so called maximum allowable values of k_p – denoted as MAV-values – separately for each of mentioned probability distributions D_i. These MAV-values are related with the limit situation when the particular probability distribution D_i, is fully covered. The use of all tables is demonstrated on numerical examples. Therefore, the present paper provides all tools for a correct attributing such a coverage factor that may be justified in determining a type B evaluation of measurement uncertainty associated with the investigated input quantity X_i following the prescribed probability distribution D_i. In this sense, problems formulated in Cl. 2.3.5, NOTE 2 of GUM [1], are quite removed and the correctness of the final solution of uncertainty problem fully justified.     

湿度测量体制历史和现状分析及建议

就湿度测量体制发展的历史和现状进行了分析,并对各种湿度测量传感器的特性进行了比较,指出了湿度测量体制的不足,并给出了相应的改进建议。     

Accuracy evaluation of two-dimensional straightness measurement method based on optical meter

The article analyses the accuracy evaluation of non-contact optical mechatronic two dimensional devices for straightness measuring. Measurement principles of the device are based on the evaluation of the position from the phase difference of two signals where one of them is generated by a non-movable photodiode, acting as a reference source, and the other one is attached to the moveable part of the technological machine. The device can be used for measurement, diagnosis and accuracy testing of mechatronic devices, robotics and technological machines.     

High precision measurement of gyro rotor sphericity

Quartz gyro rotors with a sphericity of better than one part per million are needed for the Relativity Gyroscope Experiment. This paper describes the measurement techniques that are employed to ensure that this requirement is met. The basic measurement is a surface irregularity map, generated with the help of a computer-aided roundness instrument with a measurement uncertainty approaching 2.5 nm. Analysis and plotting of the data, and the impact of the results on gyro performance, are discussed