高灵敏度长周期光纤光栅温度传感器的设计

为提高光纤光栅温度传感器的灵敏度,文中采取纤芯弹光系数大于包层弹光系数的长周期光纤光栅且在其包层外面涂覆一层随温度的升高折射率减小的薄膜材料,同时采用热膨胀系数大的金属封装光栅三种增敏措施。计算表明,增敏后的温度传感器其灵敏度系数为0.2375nm/℃,温度测量分辨力小于0.1℃。     

长周期光纤光栅带宽分析

对影响长周期光纤光栅带宽的因素进行了综合分析和拟合,结果显示纤芯半径、数值孔径、光栅周期和周期数对带宽的影响很大,在设计光栅时应主要考虑它们的影响.     

基于氧化石墨修饰长周期光纤光栅的传感特性

提出一种基于氧化石墨烯(GO)修饰的长周期光纤光栅(LPFG)传感器。利用氢氧化钠溶液对LPFG表面进行羟基化处理,采用氢键结合的方式使GO固定在光栅表面,形成基于GO修饰的LPFG传感器。实验研究了GO-LPFG对外部折射率及温度的响应特性,结果表明:该GO-LPFG的平均折射率灵敏度较未涂覆GO的LPFG提高1.09倍,温度灵敏度略有降低。随着光栅直径的减小,GO-LPFG的平均折射率灵敏度进一步提高。当光栅直径为108μm时,在折射率1.333～1.448内的平均波长和耦合强度折射率灵敏度分别约为38.99nm/RIU和57.33dB/RIU,与未采用GO修饰直径为108μm的LPFG及直径为125μm的GO-LPFG相比,其平均波长和耦合强度折射率灵敏度分别提高1.45,2.17,3.80和3.42倍。该GO-LPFG传感器在各种大分子量的病毒抗原蛋白、生物病菌等生物检测领域具有潜在的应用价值。     

镀金属膜长周期光纤光栅的传感特性

本文基于耦合模理论, 建立了严格的四层金属膜理论模型, 探讨了镀金属膜长周期光纤光栅(Long-period fiber grating, LPFG)的温度、 应变及折射率特性, 以及镀膜参数对镀金属膜长周期光纤光栅光谱特性的影响.仿真结果表明, 长周期光纤光栅表面最优的金属膜厚度将引起表现等离子共振(Surface-plasmon resonance, SPR)特性, 这一特性将使得LPFG 对稳定及折射率都有较高的敏感性, 而对应变影响较小. 理论分析表明, 银膜厚度在0.8-1.2 nm 范围内时, 折射率敏感度达到最大值为42.402 6, 敏感度增加4.5%. 仿真结果为镀膜长周期光纤光栅的设计及参数优化提供了理论指导.     

应用800nm飞秒激光制备长周期光纤光栅

利用800 nm钛蓝宝石飞秒激光器制备了长周期光纤光栅,并实验验证了长周期光纤光栅的高温特性.基于摄像头和电动位移平台设计了激光精确对准光纤纤芯的方案;以计算机控制1.3 mW飞秒激光,使用逐点曝光法在未经载氢处理的光纤上刻写了长周期光纤光栅,实验显示该光栅在1 200～1 700 nm波段的主谐振峰值可达-17 dB.利用高温箱对长周期光纤光栅进行高温传感特性实验,在300～800℃得到的主谐振峰温度响应灵敏度为0.056 nm/℃,线性度为0.992.实验结果表明,提出的以800 nm钛蓝宝石飞秒激光器制备长周期光纤光栅的方法稳定可靠,写制的光栅在高温环境下变化均匀,不易退化,响应特性良好,适用于高温检测.     

反射式长周期光纤光栅弯曲传感器

长周期光纤光栅透射谱的损耗峰对温度、应变和弯曲等基本物理量敏感,已在土木工程、航空航天等领域应用。但由于该类器件主要利用透射光谱进行检测,传感系统复杂,限制了器件应用领域的拓宽。针对上述问题,设计了基于光纤末端粘接硅片式结构长周期光纤光栅传感器,可实现利用长周期光纤光栅反射光谱检测。试验表明该器件对弯曲敏感,此外,由于长周期光纤光栅采用飞秒激光逐点直写法加工,受物镜聚焦和光纤自聚焦影响,激光调制区域不对称,其弯曲传感具有明显的方向性。     

基于盒膜结构的微弯式长周期光纤光栅气压传感器研究

利用长周期光纤光栅(LPFG)谐振光谱随弯曲曲率变化的敏感特性,通过设计特制LPFG-膜盒封装结构,研制了一种基于微弯特性的长周期光纤光栅气压传感器.根据ANSYS数值分析和实验结果表明,在0.02～0.25 MPa 气压范围内,长周期光纤光栅的透射率不断增强,透射谱中谐振峰幅值从16.712 dB降至6.495 dB,与所测气压值之间呈现良好对应关系,并且谐振峰波长也红移1.54 m,气压传感器的灵敏度可达到4.086 8×105 dB/hPa.该传感器系统在所测气压范围内显示出较好的灵敏性和重复性,能够满足气象及飞行器高度监测中对气压测量的要求.     

ADuC824在光纤光栅传感复用网络中的应用

采用高性价比的ADuC824微处理器作为核心控制部件，利用可调谐窄带滤波器作波长解调器件，设计实现了多点光纤光栅传感复用网络系统。采用了波分及空分复用技术，由多个光纤光栅传感器构成分布式传感网络。可对各传感光纤光栅进行静态或动态的波长解调，具有结构简单、操作方便和性能价格比高的优点。在实际应用中，可以利用这一解调方案代替光谱分析仪或其他价格昂贵的波长检测仪器，对光纤光栅传感信息进行现场测量。     

光纤傅里叶变换光谱术在光纤光栅传感解调中的应用

介绍了光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪的基本原理和光纤傅里叶变换光谱仪(FFTS)的结构;基于光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪,采用傅里叶变换光谱算法对光纤Bragg光栅传感器的波长进行了解调。宽带光源发出的光经过光纤耦合器进入光纤Bragg光栅,其反射光由耦合器返回进入到FFTS中进行测量,FFTS的最高光谱分辨率达到0.05 cm-1,即在近红外1 550 nm波长处分辨率为0.012 nm。分别对光纤Bragg光栅的应变特性和温度特性进行了测量。测量显示:光纤Bragg光栅的应变灵敏度为0.833 pm/με,温度灵敏度为19.78 pm/℃。得到的结果表明FFTS系统具有高分辨率、大测量范围的特点,可满足光纤Bragg光栅传感器波长解调的需求。     

长周期光纤光栅的折射率梯度响应特性

通过模式耦合理论,建立了基于长周期光纤光栅(LPFG)的二层圆光波导模型;结合传输矩阵法,仿真得到了外部介质折射率呈线性分布情况下LPFG的透射谱。仿真结果表明：该结构下的LPFG透射谱特性强烈依赖于外部介质折射率梯度,当外部介质折射率梯度升高,透射谱的损耗峰深度逐渐降低,损耗峰3dB带宽逐渐增加,且增加量与折射率梯度的增加量呈较好的线性关系;当外部折射率梯度由1.111 1×10-7 riu/mm增加到1.111 1×10-5 riu/mm时,其梯度灵敏度可达到2.2×107 nm·mm/riu。这一结果使折射率梯度的高灵敏度测量成为可能,为设计和制作基于LPFG的折射率梯度传感器提供了一定的理论依据,并有望用于生化反应中微小尺度下折射率呈梯度分布的液相介质的测量。     

Mini review: Recent advances in long period fiber grating biological and chemical sensors

As an important member of the optical fiber sensor family, long period fiber gratings (LPFG) have attracted increased attention due to their outstanding characteristics. The LPFG is a transmission fiber grating without backward reflection, and isolation is not required in the sensing system. The resonant wavelength and transmissivity of LPFGs are very sensitive to changes in refractive index, temperature, strain and transverse load, so they are widely used. In this article, recent advances in biological and chemical applications of LPFG sensors are described. Various methods for improving the sensitivity of LPFG sensors are summarized, such as reducing the diameter of the cladding and cascading. In addition, an important method involves the coating of the LPFG sensor with a specific recognition element for biomass detection or a sensitive metal film for chemical detection. The structural parameters and principles in the literature are discussed in detail. This article analyzes and compares the progress and deficiencies in the detection process and anticipates future developments.     

Theoretical analysis for the influence of the core radius on long period fiber grating sensors

Abstract

The influence of core radius on refractive index sensitivity of long period fiber grating (LPFG) sensor has been studied theoretically for the first time, and a new method to fabricate LPFG sensor with high sensitivity is proposed. The structure and parameters of the optical fiber, the period of the gratings, and the coupling order of the cladding modes are all held consistent in the process of studying the change of the core radius. The resonant wavelength of LPFG sensor shifts with changes in the external environment, which is simulated by the transfer matrix method. The sensitivity of LPFG sensor is enhanced by more than 200 times when the core radius increases from 3.1 to 5.1?μm. The results show that LPFG sensors with larger core radii have higher sensitivity. Selecting a fiber with a large core radius to fabricate LPFG sensors is proposed as a method to improve the sensitivity of these devices. This new simple and effective method is expected to be widely used in the manufacture of high sensitivity LPFG sensors in the future.     

High sensitivity internal refractive index sensor based on a photonic crystal fiber long period grating

A high sensitivity method is reported for the measurement of the internal refractive index using a photonic crystal fiber long period grating. Long period gratings of different lengths were inscribed in photonic crystal fibers, and the air holes of the fiber had varying refractive indices. A side lobe appeared near the resonant dip through the analysis of the characteristics of transmission spectra showing variation in the refractive index. The resonant dip and its side lobe provided varying sensitivities to the internal refractive index values. The sensitivity of the side lobe was as high as 2343?nm/refractive index unit (RIU), which exceeded the value for the resonant dip (2047?nm/RIU) for refractive indices from 1.3333–1.3792. Due to the high resolution of 8.5?×?10^?6 RIU, this method offers promising applications for biological and chemical analysis in which high-precision refractive index measurements are required.     

倾斜光纤光栅周期对其透射谱的影响

倾斜光纤光栅作为一种特殊结构的光纤光栅,近年来受到了研究人员的广泛关注。基于模式耦合理论,仿真研究了光栅周期对倾斜光纤光栅透射谱的影响规律。研究结果表明,纤芯导模与包层模的波长差和光栅周期之间存在良好的线性关系。利用这一结论可提高倾斜光纤光栅在应变测量中的灵敏度和检测精度,且能够实现单光纤多测量的目的。     

基于超结构光纤光栅的编/解码器的发展和应用：第一部分

回顾了基于超结构光纤光栅的光学编/解码器的发展,介绍了基于超结构光纤光栅的编/解码器的工作原理,以及详细讲解了近期研发的两种编/解码器。采用±π/2相移的编/解码器能够隐秘地将光学码信息隐藏于编码波形中,有效地改善编码安全性。单输入多输出的编/解码器能够实现同时产生一组光学码,并且将这些光学码分配至不同的光路。     

Simultaneous measurement of refractive index and temperature based on a long period fiber grating inscribed in a photonic crystal fiber with an electric-arc discharge

A novel fiber sensor composed by two single mode fibers and long period fiber grating based on a photonic crystal fiber prepared by periodic discharge heating has been experimentally investigated to measure refractive index and temperature. A Mach-Zehnder interferometer was formed due to the presence of two fusion spliced collapsed regions in the photonic crystal fiber. The resonance dip and interference pattern were differently influenced by the ambient disturbance, so the dual-parameters were simultaneously measured by analyzing the characteristics of transmission spectrum. After the experimental measurements, refractive index and temperature sensitivities of 117.28?nm/RIU and ?86.29?pm/°C were realized. Therefore, the reported sensor with advantages of easy fabrication, simple structure, and small size has the potential for simultaneous refractive index and temperature measurements involving biochemical sensing applications.     

基于超结构光纤光栅的编/解码器的发展和应用:第二部分

这篇论文回顾了基于超结构光纤光栅的光学编解码器在保密光通信与光分组交换系统中的应用。基于超结构光纤光栅的光学编解码器能够被当作光学码生成器及解码器件提高光通信的安全性,并且能够被用作光标签生成器及识别器同时生成及识别一组光标签。器件良好的性能使得该器件能够在光通信及信号处理中保证无误差。     

光CDMA技术及其应用

文章综述了光码分多址产生的历史背景,阐述了光码分多址技术原理, 比较了光波分多址、光时分多址、光码分多址技术,得出光码分多址技术和其他多址技术相比具有能充分利用光纤带宽;在时间和频率上是异步的,不需要信号同步;使用同一中心波长,不需要控制波长;接入灵活,系统软容量;保密性好等优点.通过对光码分多址技术应用的研究,得出光码分多址技术在多媒体通信中可以真正作到实时和随机接入;在高速计算机局域网中,可以使介质访问协议简单,克服电子的瓶颈效应,数据传输速率可达Tb/s数量级;在电信网中,可以扩大通信容量;在光纤接入网中,可以克服传统光接入网需要同步的问题;在HFC网中可以解决上行信道带宽窄的问题,实现双向通信;在CATV记费及VOD业务中可以实现记费和双向业务.因此,具有广阔的应用前景.     

一种新型光纤收发器及其性能测试

提出一种新型光纤收发器,可采用同一波长在一根光纤上进行双向信号传输。在实验室环境下,对这种光纤收发器的光学性能、以太网性能和误码率等进行了测试,结果表明,这种光纤收发器完全满足相关标准的要求,可用于光传输网络中。     

慢光产生的新机理及其应用

通过对比和研究电磁感应透明、相干布居振荡、受激布里渊散射和光子晶体波导等几种使光速变慢的主要技术，论述了近10年中的慢光技术重要理论和技术上的发展以及这些发展对慢光性能的改善及存在的问题与不足，重点介绍了近几年慢光产生的一些新技术及初步应用，并预测了慢光技术今后的发展趋势及潜在应用。本文的研究表明，慢光在光纤传感以及其它领域中将会有越来越重要的应用价值。