由高台盐湖苦卤中提制钾,镁盐

对由高台盐湖苦卤中提制氯化钾，氯化镁的生产工艺做了说明，旨在提高苦卤资源的利用率。     

薯莨提制栲胶的研究

一、薯莨的调查和分析(一)绪言薯茛(Dioscorea Cirrhosa Lour.)俗名血酱头、羊头芋、砂莲、殊砂苕,是一种多年生的野生藤本植物,盛产于我国广东、广西、四川、云南、贵州、福建、湖北、湖南等省(区)。早在1956年8月,全国供销合作总社,根据各地反映,为发展山区副业生产,为工业提供原料,向研究部门提出,对此野生植物原料能加以研究和利用。     

合成光卤石生产工艺研究

为充分利用光卤石炼镁生产中副产的废电解质和综合利用青海盐湖镁资源，研制开发出兑卤冷结晶法合成光卤石生产工艺。着重论述了该生产工艺的研制过程。工艺的具体过程是：将废电解质制成饱和溶液，加热溶解、除钠，再与水氯镁石溶液充分混合，经沉降槽自然冷却降温，结晶析出合成光卤石。实验室实验、扩大试验证明，采用兑卤冷结晶法生产出的合成光卤石，其产品质量完全符合电解炼镁要求。     

湿地松树皮提制栲胶的研究

湿地松(Pinus elliottii Engelm.)是我国目前引种发展的优良速生树种之一。本研究就湿地松树皮提制栲胶作了一些探索性工作。一、原料为了摸清湿地松树皮的单宁含量,我们对不同地区、不同采集季节、不同树龄和树     

活性炭纤维用于苦卤脱色的研究

采用活性炭纤维（ACF）对海盐苦卤进行吸附脱色实验.通过动态吸附实验,探讨了活性炭用量、溶液流速、温度、浓度、pH对脱色率的影响.确定活性炭纤维对苦卤溶液脱色的最佳工艺条件为：温度20 ℃,苦卤溶液浓度（以溶液中X-计）为2 mol/L,溶液pH＝6,动态吸附流速为6 mL/min.在此条件下,苦卤脱色率大于98%.活性炭纤维对海盐苦卤的饱和吸附量比颗粒活性炭大10倍.吸附后的活性炭纤维加热到120 ℃并抽真空进行脱附,可循环使用18次以上.     

察尔汗盐湖光卤石脱水试验研究

察尔汗盐湖是我国最大的可溶性钾镁盐矿床。通过对盐田光卤石进行现场脱水处理,以减少运输费用,降低成本,对影响光卤石脱水的灼烧温度和时间进行了系统研究,其最佳工艺条件为灼烧温度３２０℃－３４０℃,灼烧时间３０ｍｉｎ－４５ｍｉｎ。     

察尔汗盐湖光卤石脱水试验研究

察尔汗盐湖是我国最大的可溶性钾镁盐矿床。通过对盐田光卤石进行现场脱水处理,以减少运输费用、降低成本。对影响光卤石脱水的灼烧温度和时间进行了系统研究,其最佳工艺条件为灼烧温度３２０℃～３４０℃,灼烧时间３０ｍｉｎ～４５ｍｉｎ     

海盐净化新方法的研究

本文用硅酸钠和少量碳酸钠净化原盐,研究原盐中钙、镁的配比及盐度对净化效果的影响,生成大分子化合物对除去盐中微量杂质的作用,为海盐的提纯提供了实验根据。     

沸石法苦卤提钾工艺研究

以改性斜发沸石为离子交换剂,采用离子交换技术,做了以氯化钠溶液为洗脱剂的苦卤提钾工艺研究。单柱实验表明,洗脱温度越高、洗脱剂浓度越大以及适当流速时有利于钾富集。吸附采用模拟移动床流程,进料顺序为“低段溶液-苦卤”,钾平均吸附率可达95%以上;洗脱采用固定床流程,进料顺序为“高段溶液-中段溶液-低段吸后溶液-25%（质量分数）NaCl溶液”,得到氯化钾平均质量浓度为35.39 g/L的富钾卤水,较苦卤钾浓度提高2.7倍。在钾富集同时,苦卤中的镁、硫酸根等杂质离子亦得到了有效去除,为实现苦卤高效节能提钾奠定了基础。     

盐田滩晒光卤石矿生产氯化钾工艺综述

详细论述了青海察尔汉盐湖以晶间卤水为原料,通过盐田滩晒出光卤石矿来生产氯化钾的各条工艺流程及其应用与特性。     

以光卤石、纯化磷酸为原料制取磷酸二氢钾

介绍了以高氯酸铵(NH_4ClO_4)沉淀高氯酸钾(KClO_4)以回收光卤石中的钾,所得的KClO_4以一定摩尔比加到磷酸水溶液中,并以叔胺类(N_(235))萃取剂用萃取的方法去除高氯酸(HClO_4)后制得磷酸二氢钾,被萃取的HClO_4经用氢氧化铵(NH_4OH)水溶液反萃后(得到 NH_4ClO_4)可循环使用。通过实验确定了最佳工艺条件。     

THE SEPARATION OF m-DIISOPROPYLBENZENE FROM p-DIISOPROPYLBENZENE BY AZEOTROPIC DISTILLATION

m-Diisopropylbenzene can be separated from p-diisopropyl-benzene by azeotropic distillation when the azeotrope forming agent is selected from certain ketones, e.g. acetophenone; alcohols, e.g. o-isopropyl-phenol; esters, e.g. methyl benzoate; ethers, e.g. dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether or nitrogeneous compounds, e.g. 2-nitrotoluene.     

SODIUM SULPHATE FROM BITTERN BY METHANOL

Sodium sulphate is produced mainly from land ores by conventional crystallization methods of evaporation and dehydration; these sources are fast being exhausted and new processes should be found which do not use the conventional sources. Seawater bittern produced as by-product from solar halite plants contains about 6% by weight of sodium sulphate, the recovery of which by conventional methods, is made difficult by the presence of other salts.

Methanol has the property of markedly depressing the solubility of certain inorganic salts while hardly affecting the solubilities of others, because of this property, it can be used to promote various crystallization processes and some double decomposition reactions between inorganic salts. This paper examines one example of the second type of application in which magnesium sulphate and sodium chloride present in the bittern interact in the presence of methanol resulting in the formation and selective crystallization of anhydrous sodium sulphate.

Experimental work is described which follows the progress of the reaction under wide range of conditions some given above 94% recovery of high purity sodium sulphate with a crystallizer reactor residence time of 20 minutes. SEM photographs reveal rhombic shapes crystals of size varying between about 1 to 5 μrn. The results presented give promise of forming the basis of a commercially viable process for the fabrication of sodium sulphate.     

THE SEPARATION OF METHYL ACETATE FROM METHANOL BY EXTRACTIVE DISTILLATION

Methyl acetate cannot be completely removed from methyl acetate-methanol mixtures by distillation because of the presence of the minimum binary azeotrope. Methyl acetate can be readily removed as overhead product from mixtures containing it and methanol by using extractive distillation in which the extractive distillation agent is a higher boiling oxygenated, nitrogenous and/or sulfur containing organic compound or a mixture of these. Typical examples of effective agents are dimethylsulfoxide, glycerine plus propylene glycol, ethylene glycol plus dimethylsulfoxide plus 1,5-pentanediol. Methanol can be removed as the overhead product from methyl acetate when the extractive distillation agent is nitrobenzene, propylene carbonate or ethylene glycol phenyl ether.     

THE SEPARATION OF METHYL ACETATE FROM METHANOL BY EXTRACTIVE DISTILLATION

Methyl acetate cannot be completely removed from methyl acetate-methanol mixtures by distillation because of the presence of the minimum binary azeotrope. Methyl acetate can be readily removed as overhead product from mixtures containing it and methanol by using extractive distillation in which the extractive distillation agent is a higher boiling oxygenated, nitrogenous and/or sulfur containing organic compound or a mixture of these. Typical examples of effective agents are dimethylsulfoxide, glycerine plus propylene glycol, ethylene glycol plus dimethylsulfoxide plus 1,5-pentanediol. Methanol can be removed as the overhead product from methyl acetate when the extractive distillation agent is nitrobenzene, propylene carbonate or ethylene glycol phenyl ether.     

THE SEPARATION OF ISOPROPYL ETHER FROM METHYL ETHYL KETONE BY EXTRACTIVE DISTILLATION

Isopropyl ether (IPE) cannot be completely separated from its mixtures with methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) by distillation because of the presence of the minimum binary azeotrope. However these two can be readily separated by using extractive distillation in which the extractive distillation agent is a higher boiling oxygenated, nitrogenous and/or sulfur containing organic compound or a mixture of these. Typical examples of effective agents are: ethylene carbonate; adiponitrile and 1,4-butanediol; sulfolane, dimethyl-sulfoxide (DMSO) and triethylene glycol.     

液膜法处理混二甲酚废水

本文采用液膜法分离净化混灭威农药工业生产中产生的混二甲酚废水.结果表明:液膜分离法用于该废水的净化处理在技术上是可行的.     

ABSORPTIVE SEPARATION OF NO FROM DILUTE OFF-GAS

ABSTRACT

With regard to its negligible absorption properties, the separation of nitrogen monoxide from dilute off-gas is limited to bench-scale experiments. Investigation has been centered on improving the rate of absorption by the use of complex-forming additives based on iron(II) compounds. Further efforts have been made to improve the separation efficiency by the use of reactive additives. Due to the low reactivity of nitrogen monoxide, these attempts did not succeed.

The oxidation of moderately concentrated off-gas with ozone and the absorption of the so-formed nitrogen dioxide have been reported. Technical as well as economical considerations do not permit the application of the process to the treatment of dilute off-gas.

The principle underlying this process led to the investigation of direct oxidation of the off-gas under electrical discharge followed by absorption with aqueous diamide solution. Temperature and moisture of the off-gas have been considered, in addition to various feed contents of nitrogen monoxide. The results of this investigation show that direct oxidation of nitrogen monoxide by corona discharge is possible. The rate of conversion increases with increasing gas velocity, accompanied by a decreasing specific energy consumption. Applied to tunnel off-gas purification, the direct oxidation route seems to offer promising technical boundaries as it is accompanied by efficient particle separation.     

粘结剂对核桃壳基炭分子筛空分性能的影响

考察了三种粘结剂对产品炭分子筛空分性能的影响，表明在煤焦油粘结剂中添加少量造纸浆废液或聚乙烯醇有助于改善炭分子筛空分性能，并能减少其颗粒表面含尘量。