2011年德国汉诺威木工机械展览会闭幕

2011年06月3日,汉诺威木工机械展览会顺利闭幕。展品范围:装备,林业,工业化家具生产,信息系统,物流,机械,锯木厂设备,实心木材加工,仓储技术,木材处理机械,木材交易,运输,贴面板制造业,贴面板,木材手工业,木材业,木料工业,木材加工机械。     

一个展会 两个展馆 规模更大 内容更精彩

由中国食品添加剂生产应用工业协会和中国贸促会轻工行业分会共同主办的第十一届中国国际食品添加剂和配料展览会暨第十七届全国食品添加剂生产应用技术展示会(Food Ingredients China 2007,简称FIC 2007)将于2007年3月28￣30日在上海光大会展中心和上海国际展览中心两馆同时隆     

中国国际食品添加剂和配料展 一个展会两个展馆 规模更大内容更精彩

由中国食品添加剂生产应用工业协会和中国贸促会轻工行业分会共同主办的第十一届中国国际食品添加剂和配料展览会暨第十七届全国食品添加剂生产应用技术展示会（Food Ingredients China2007，简称FIC2007）将于2007年3月28～30日在上海光大会展中心和上海国际展览中心两馆同时隆重举行。     

不畏金融危机 Interzum再创辉煌——记2011年德国科隆国际家具生产、木工及室内装饰展览会

<正>2011年5月25—28日,\"2011德国科隆国际家具生产、木工及室内装饰展览会\"(Interzum 2011)在德国科隆举办,全方位展示了2011年家具行业的最前沿生产加工技术以及装饰领域的最新流行趋势。2011年对于德国的家具行业来讲,是一个不错的年份,多数家具及相关企业在接单量及利润增长方面,都有不俗的表现。在走出金融危机的阴霾之后,德国家具出口也开始显现出良好势头,而向中国、加拿大、土耳其以及南非等国的市场扩展,也加速了这一趋势。此     

QUALITY LINKS WITH SURVIVAL, CULTURE-ORIENTED GROWTH：A report of Zhuhai Yuhua Industrial Co., Ltd, one of the famous semi-precious stone trading companies in China

The Zhuhai-based Yuhua Industrial Co., Ltd. was established in 1993. It‘ s headquartered in the a picturesque city of Zhuhai. The company is famed for it‘ s a producer of natural gems and jades, such as malachite, crystal, agate, amber etc., To date, the company has set up 3 major marketing systems and established its subsidiary companies as well as outlets in 22 cities across China. In addition, it has set up the exclusive centers representing its corporate identity or speciality stores in 250 large markets. And the company has put nearly ten thousands varieties of its products on domestic and overseas markets.     

Mortality, morbidity and costs attributable to smoking in Germany: update and a 10-year comparison

Objective

To assess the negative health consequences and associated costs of cigarette smoking in Germany in 2003 and to compare them with the respective results from 1993.

Methods

The number of deaths, years of potential life lost (YPLL), direct medical and indirect costs caused by active cigarette smoking in Germany in 2003 is estimated from a societal perspective. The method is similar to that applied by Welte et al, who estimated the cost of smoking in Germany in 1993. Therefore, a direct comparison of the results was possible. Methodological and data differences between these two publications and their effect on the results are analysed.

Results

In 2003, 114 647 deaths and 1.6 million YPLL were attributable to smoking. Total costs were €21.0 billion, with €7.5 billion for acute hospital care, inpatient rehabilitation care, ambulatory care and prescribed drugs; €4.7 billion for the indirect costs of mortality; and €8.8 billion for costs due to work loss days and early retirement. From 1993 to 2003, the proportionate mortality attributable to smoking remained relatively stable, rising from 13.0% to 13.4%. The smoking‐attributable deaths in men is lowered by 13.7% whereas that in women increased by 45.3%. Total real direct costs rose by 35.8%, and total real indirect costs declined by 7.1%, rendering an increase of 4.7% to real total costs. Accountable factors are changes in cigarette smoking prevalence and in disease‐specific mortality and morbidity, as well as a rise in general healthcare expenditure.

Conclusions

Despite the growing knowledge about the hazards of smoking, the smoking‐attributable costs increased in Germany. Further, female mortality attributable to smoking is much higher than it was in 1993.As a result of the devastating health consequences of smoking, many countries have implemented anti‐smoking measures. For example, Ireland and Italy banned smoking in all public buildings and at all workplaces, including pubs and restaurants. Several publications have shown that Germany is still rather friendly to the tobacco industry.¹ This is also supported by recent decisions not to implement a smoking ban or to prohibit smoking in all public places. However, Germany increased the tax on tobacco products three times since 2004, which decreased cigarette sales and smoking prevalence in the age group 12–17 years.^2,3The first cost‐of‐smoking study for Germany used 1993 as the reference year,⁴ and was published by some of us. Since then, three other studies have been published: one is by Ruff et al,⁵ which cannot be used for comparison because of a lack of methodological transparency, and two by Wegner et al,^6,7 which considered only indirect costs. Thus, costs of smoking can be compared with only the first study.This study presents the most recent estimate for both direct and indirect costs of cigarette smoking in Germany, based on the latest available data and referring to the year 2003. As a similar method was applied, costs of smoking can be directly compared between 1993 and 2003.     

新世纪新征程新团队新跨越--盐业企业打造特色团队之我见

文章重点论述了盐业企业打造特色团队的意义，针对当前盐业团队存在的问题以及新世纪、新征程、新跨越对新团队的新要求，提出了如何打造富有特色战斗力强的团队的建议。     

Biguaiascorzolides A and B: Two novel dimeric guaianolides with a rare skeleton,from Scorzonera austriaca

The root of Scorzonera austriaca has been used in indigenous cuisines as a delicious food and in the Tibetan traditional medicine in northwestern China. Two novel dimeric guaianolides linked by a carbon–carbon bond with a rare carbon skeleton, termed biguaiascorzolides A (1) and B (2), respectively, have been isolated from roots of S. austriaca. Acetylation of 1 gave 1a. The structures of 1, 1a and 2 were characterised by HR-ESI-MS, EI-MS, UV, IR, and 1D- and 2D-NMR techniques (¹H and ¹³C NMR, ¹H-¹H COSY, HMQC, HMBC, and NOESY experiments). The cytotoxicity of 1a was assayed against selected cancer cell lines, including the human erythroleukaemia adriamycin-resistant subline (K562/ADM) and human stomach carcinoma (MGC-803) cell lines. Compound 1a exhibits a moderate activity against K562/ADM cell lines (IC₅₀ 39.8 μm) and is inactive towards MGC-803 cell lines.     

Advances on plant products with potential to control toxigenic fungi: A review

In recent years, public pressure to reduce the use of synthetic fungicides in agriculture has increased. Concerns have been raised about both the environmental impact and the potential health risk related to the use of these compounds. Therefore, considerable efforts have been made towards the development of alternative crop protectants. The European Commission has been actively encouraging the development and commercial implementation of new compounds known as 'green chemicals'. In this context, an increase in the knowledge of plant defence responses to toxigenic fungi, which is covered in this review, will help to discover new plant products with antifungal activity and to design new strategies to improve plant resistance to these pathogens.     

A Practical Process for the Preparation of Super Slurper,a Starch-Based Polymer with a Large Capacity to Absorb Water

The solid, water-insoluble sorbent called Super Slurper that swells in water is a base hydrolyzed starch-polyacrylonitrile graft copolymer in which the nitrile functionality has been converted to a mixture of carboxamide and alkali metal carboxylate. A process for making the polymer in multipound quantities has been developed from laboratory scale-up studies. This process avoids intermediate isolation steps, permits efficient removal of unreacted monomer, keeps the concentration of extraneous salts low and gives a high solids concentration for the drying step. Variation in drying procedure allows Super Slurper to be made in film, mat, powder or flake form. Shearing the hydrolysis mixture prior to isolation and avoiding extended exposure of isolated product to elevated temperature gives Super Slurper with highest absorptive capacity. All equipment used is common to industrial practice. The cost to make crude drum-dried flakes is estimated preliminarily at $ 0.32/lb for a 10⁷ lb/year hypothetical plant.     

Outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O104:H4 infection in Germany causes a paradigm shift with regard to human pathogenicity of STEC strains

An outbreak that comprised 3,842 cases of human infections with enteroaggregative hemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EAHEC) O104:H4 occurred in Germany in May 2011. The high proportion of adults affected in this outbreak and the unusually high number of patients that developed hemolytic uremic syndrome makes this outbreak the most dramatic since enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) strains were first identified as agents of human disease. The characteristics of the outbreak strain, the way it spread among humans, and the clinical signs resulting from EAHEC infections have changed the way Shiga toxin-producing E. coli strains are regarded as human pathogens in general. EAHEC O104:H4 is an emerging E. coli pathotype that is endemic in Central Africa and has spread to Europe and Asia. EAHEC strains have evolved from enteroaggregative E. coli by uptake of a Shiga toxin 2a (Stx2a)-encoding bacteriophage. Except for Stx2a, no other EHEC-specific virulence markers including the locus of enterocyte effacement are present in EAHEC strains. EAHEC O104:H4 colonizes humans through aggregative adherence fimbrial pili encoded by the enteroaggregative E. coli plasmid. The aggregative adherence fimbrial colonization mechanism substitutes for the locus of enterocyte effacement functions for bacterial adherence and delivery of Stx2a into the human intestine, resulting clinically in hemolytic uremic syndrome. Humans are the only known natural reservoir known for EAHEC. In contrast, Shiga toxin-producing E. coli and EHEC are associated with animals as natural hosts. Contaminated sprouted fenugreek seeds were suspected as the primary vehicle of transmission of the EAHEC O104:H4 outbreak strain in Germany. During the outbreak, secondary transmission (human to human and human to food) was important. Epidemiological investigations revealed fenugreek seeds as the source of entry of EAHEC O104:H4 into the food chain; however, microbiological analysis of seeds for this pathogen produced negative results. The survival of EAHEC in seeds and the frequency of human carriers of EAHEC should be investigated for a better understanding of EAHEC transmission routes.     

Application of molecular identification tools for Lactobacillus, with a focus on discrimination between closely related species: A review

Lactobacillus is among the most important GRAS food lactic acid bacteria, with nearly 140 species at present, mostly of industrial importance. Being part of the natural flora of a range of food products like raw milk, fermented dairy products, fruits, vegetables, meat products they also serve as starters for a number of fermented food products either to enhance the quality or to add health benefits. These groups of economically important species are often alike in phenotypic and physiological characteristics, probably due to their co-evolution in the same ecological niches; hence they are difficult to be differentiated. This demands advanced methods for their proper identification and characterization. With the advancement of molecular biology, a range of DNA-based molecular techniques has replaced the largely cumbersome phenotypic methods. This review summarizes the various molecular techniques available for detection and identification within the genus Lactobacillus, with special emphasis on the four groups of closely resembling species: L. casei group, L. acidophilus group, L. delbrueckii subspecies, and L. plantarum group. This review also provides insights into current trends for alternative molecular markers other than 16S rRNA to resolve the ambiguity within phylogenetically close species in the genus Lactobacillus.     

A simple formulation and solution to the replacement problem: a practical tool to assess the economic cow value, the value of a new pregnancy, and the cost of a pregnancy loss

This study contributes to the research literature by providing a new formulation for the cow replacement problem, and it also contributes to the Extension deliverables by providing a user-friendly decision support system tool that would more likely be adopted and applied for practical decision making. The cow value, its related values of a new pregnancy and a pregnancy loss, and their associated replacement policies determine profitability in dairy farming. One objective of this study was to present a simple, interactive, dynamic, and robust formulation of the cow value and the replacement problem, including expectancy of the future production of the cow and the genetic gain of the replacement. The proven hypothesis of this study was that all the above requirements could be achieved by using a Markov chain algorithm. The Markov chain model allowed (1) calculation of a forward expected value of a studied cow and its replacement; (2) use of a single model (the Markov chain) to calculate both the replacement policies and the herd statistics; (3) use of a predefined, preestablished farm reproductive replacement policy; (4) inclusion of a farmer's assessment of the expected future performance of a cow; (5) inclusion of a farmer's assessment of genetic gain with a replacement; and (6) use of a simple spreadsheet or an online system to implement the decision support system. Results clearly demonstrated that the decision policies found with the Markov chain model were consistent with more complex dynamic programming models. The final user-friendly decision support tool is available at http://dairymgt.info/ → Tools → The Economic Value of a Dairy Cow. This tool calculates the cow value instantaneously and is highly interactive, dynamic, and robust. When a Wisconsin dairy farm was studied using the model, the solution policy called for replacing nonpregnant cows 11 mo after calving or months in milk (MIM) if in the first lactation and 9 MIM if in later lactations. The cow value for an average second-lactation cow was as follows: (1) when nonpregnant, (a) $897 in MIM = 1 and (b) $68 in MIM = 8; (2) when the cow just became pregnant,(a) $889 for a pregnancy in MIM = 3 and (b) $298 for a pregnancy in MIM = 8; and (3) the value of a pregnancy loss when a cow became pregnant in MIM = 5 was (a) $221 when the loss was in the first month of pregnancy and (b) $897 when the loss was in the ninth month of pregnancy. The cow value indicated pregnant cows should be kept. The expected future production of a cow with respect to a similar average cow was an important determinant in the cow replacement decision. The expected production in the rest of the lactation was more important for nonpregnant cows, and the expected production in successive lactations was more important for pregnant cows. A 120% expected milk production for a cow with MIM = 16 and 6 mo pregnant in the present lactation or in successive lactations determined between 1.52 and 6.48 times the cow value, respectively, of an average production cow. The cow value decreased by $211 for every 1 percentage point of expected genetic gain of the replacement. A break-even analysis of the cow value with respect to expected milk production of an average second-parity cow indicated that (1) nonpregnant cows in MIM = 1 and 8 could still remain in the herd if they produced at least 84 and 98% in the present lactation or if they produced at least 78 and 97% in future lactations, respectively; and (2) cows becoming pregnant in MIM = 5 would require at least 64% of milk production in the rest of the lactation or 93% in successive lactations to remain in the herd.