K465铸造高温合金高温钎焊接头的显微组织

采用一种含有铝、钛活性元素的镍基高温钎料,对K465镍基铸造高温合金在1220℃进行了高温真空钎焊实验,通过光镜、扫描电镜和能谱分析研究分析了不同钎焊间隙和焊后热处理状态下的钎焊接头组织.研究表明0.1～0.2mm钎焊间隙的钎缝组织由(γ γ′)共晶、呈块状、骨架状或羽毛状和不规则形状的化合物相和γ固溶体组成;0.35mm间隙中填充镍网的钎缝组织,主要由大量γ枝晶、少量(γ γ′)共晶和少量的化合物相组成.钎焊接头间隙在0.1～0.2mm时钎焊后固溶热处理不能明显消除有害化合物相;而接头添加镍网可明显改善接头组织,减少有害化合物相,提高固溶热处理的效果.     

钎焊工艺对Ni/BNi7+Cu9%钎缝组织及显微硬度的影响

为了改善Ni基钎料钎焊接头脆硬的共晶组织,本文采用BNi7+9%Cu复合钎料对纯镍进行真空钎焊。结果表明:温度越高,间隙越大,扩散影响区越大,钎缝区显微硬度越低,扩散影响区显微硬度越高。当钎焊接头间隙为30μm,温度960℃时,钎缝接头主要由等温凝固区、非等温凝固区和扩散影响区组成。等温凝固区为富(Cr、Cu)的γ(Ni)固溶体,非等温凝固区为γ(Ni)+Ni3P共晶组织,扩散影响区为少量的共晶组织和γ(Ni)固溶体;而温度980℃时,钎焊接头是由中心的Ni3P组织和扩散影响区的γ(Ni)固溶体组成。当钎焊接头间隙为100μm时,其扩散影响区的范围要比30μm的大,在960℃时,钎缝填充不好,有很多孔洞。     

钎缝间隙对TC4与Ti3Al-Nb合金钎焊接头组织的影响

采用50Ti-20Zr-20Ni-10Cu粉末钎料对Ti3Al-Nb(Ti-13Al-24Nb)(质量分数)合金与TC4合金(Ti-6Al-4V)进行真空钎焊,通过SEM、EDS电子探针及拉伸试验,研究不同钎缝间隙的钎焊接头的显微组织及性能特征。结果表明,钎缝间隙对钎焊接头的组织及性能有较大影响,当钎缝间隙增大时,钎焊接头的组织变得复杂,在接头中既形成了共晶组织又形成了化合物带,这种组织特征会显著降低接头的强度。     

BNi82CrSiB钎料真空钎焊FeCrAl合金接头界面组织

采用BNi82CrSiB带状钎料在1070℃/10min工艺条件下对FeCrAl合金箔带制成的多孔圆形器件进行了真空钎焊实验,并对钎焊接头界面组织和相组成进行了分析。实验结果表明:多孔圆形器件焊后表面无宏观缺陷,钎焊接头致密完整,试样中99%(总共约有8000个)的钎焊接头实现连接。钎缝组织由-γNi基固溶体、金属间化合物和共晶组织构成。钎缝中物相有-γNi,FeNi3,AlNi3,CrB,Ni17Si3。钎焊接头中含有较多的硼化物相。     

仿SIMA法钎焊对Mn-Cu合金与430不锈钢接头组织及性能的影响

采用Cu-Mn-Ni-Sn钎料对Mn-Cu合金与430不锈钢分别进行普通钎焊(铸态钎料,850℃)和仿SIMA法钎焊(轧制态钎料,半固态温度790℃),研究钎焊温度对接头微观组织、化合物的形成数量以及剪切强度的影响。结果表明:普通钎焊接头中,不锈钢与钎缝的界面处形成(Mn,Fe,Cr)固溶体扩散层,但扩散层与钎缝界面位置形成裂纹。富Sn相沿Mn-Cu合金的晶界渗透促进了合金的熔化,钎缝与Mn-Cu合金之间形成联生结晶。不锈钢向钎料中的过度溶解以及Mn-Cu合金的局部熔化导致钎缝中形成大量针状Mn-Cr-Cu-Fe化合物。仿SIMA法钎焊接头中,不锈钢与钎缝的界面结合良好。在半固态温度下,钎料向不锈钢侧的扩散量减小,同时不锈钢向钎料溶解的程度也较小。在Mn-Cu合金侧,富Sn相沿晶界的渗透得到了有效抑制,钎缝与Mn-Cu合金之间可观察到明显的界面。由于钎料与母材之间的相互作用减弱,钎缝中针状化合物的数量明显减少。剪切试验中,两种钎焊接头均断裂于钎缝中的针状化合物分布区域。普通钎焊接头的剪切强度为173 MPa,仿SIMA法钎焊接头的剪切强度有所提高,为230 MPa。     

采用BNi68CrWB钎料钎焊GH783的接头组织与性能

选用BNi68CrWB钎料,对低膨胀高温合金GH783的钎焊工艺及接头组织性能进行研究.研究表明,采取BNi68CrWB钎料、钎焊规范为1180℃/10min,钎焊试样焊后进行完全热处理,获得钎焊接头室温拉伸强度最高达到701MPa,接头650℃拉伸强度最高达到了696MPa;钎焊接头的组织由镍-钴基γ固溶体、共晶及其他脆性化合物相构成;钎焊间隙不同,接头中固溶体所占比例不同,0.05mm间隙中元素扩散较充分,接头以固溶体为主,共晶及其他脆性化合物相较少.钎焊间隙对接头性能影响较大,0.05mm钎焊间隙的接头强度明显高于0.1mm间隙接头.     

CuMnNiCo钎料钎焊MGH956合金接头组织及力学性能研究

采用自制的CuMnNiCo钎料对氧化物弥散强化(ODS)合金MGH956进行钎焊实验,分析了钎焊过程中各种组织的形成过程,研究了不同的钎焊温度对接头组织和性能的影响。结果表明:在1000~1050℃保温20min工艺下钎焊MGH956合金,均可获得良好的钎焊成形效果,钎焊接头由钎缝中心区的Cu-Mn基固溶体和两侧扩散反应区的Fe-Mn基固溶体组成,并含有三种不同的化合物相。钎焊温度为1030℃和1050℃时,接头的室温拉伸断裂发生在钎缝中心处,断口主要呈沿晶脆性断裂特征。钎焊温度的提高使沿晶界分布的脆性(Mn,Ni)-Si相减少,有利于改善钎焊接头强度,钎焊接头的室温抗拉强度最高可达到母材强度的75%。     

Al-Si-Cu-Zn钎料钎焊3003铝合金的接头组织及力学性能

采用自制的Al-Si-Cu-Zn钎料对3003铝合金进行钎焊实验,利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、能谱仪对接头微观组织和断口进行分析,并研究了钎焊温度对接头组织和性能的影响。结果表明:在540~580℃保温10min工艺下钎焊3003铝合金,均可获得良好的钎焊效果。钎焊接头均由钎缝中心区的α(Al)固溶体、θ(Al2Cu)金属间化合物、细小Si相和AlCuFeMn+Si相,两侧扩散区的α(Al)固溶体与元素扩散层以及母材组成;钎焊接头室温剪切断裂于扩散区齿状α(Al)/钎缝中心区的交界面,断口主要呈脆性解理断裂特征。随着钎焊温度的升高,扩散区的α(Al)固溶体晶粒长大,接头结合界面犬牙交错;当钎焊温度为560℃,保温10min时,接头的室温抗剪强度达到最大值92.3MPa,约为母材强度的62.7%。     

铝合金／铜／不锈钢接触反应钎焊接头微观组织分析

采用接触反应钎焊对6063铝合金／镀铜层／1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢进行焊接,借助扫描电子显微镜和电子探针对接头的微观组织及Fe—Al国金属间化合物生长情况进行测试和分析。结果表明：钎缝中靠近不锈钢一侧为Fe—Al金属间化合物层,靠近铝合金一侧主要是Cu（Al）固溶体,中心区域由Cu-Al化合物和Cu（Al）固溶体混俞而成;随着保温时间的延长,化合物层厚度随之增加,Cu在铝合金一侧富集出现晶界渗透现象;钎缝中首先产生Cu—Al金属间化合物,之后共晶液相中的Al原于穿越Cu—Al金属间化合物层和残余镀铜层扩散至不锈钢侧,与Fe原子生成少量Fe—Al金属间化合物。     

镁合金AZ31B钎焊接头的钎缝物相及力学性能

以Al基钎料对变形镁合金AZ31B进行了高频感应钎焊,研究了变形镁合金AZ31B钎焊接头的钎缝物相和力学性能.采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、X射线能谱分析仪等分析了接头的界面组织及钎缝生成相,测试了接头的抗拉强度及界面生成相的显微硬度.结果表明:钎缝中钎料与母材发生界面反应生成α-Mg,β-Mg17(AI,Zn)12相.钎焊搭接接头平均剪切强度为27MPa,对接接头平均抗拉强度为42MPa.对接接头断口的主要断裂形式为沿晶脆性断裂,断裂主要产生在β-Mg17(AI,Zn)12硬脆相处.     

Ni－Cr－Co－B钎料钎焊K3合金接头组织研究

采用金相分析、电子探针及Ｘ射线衍射等试验手段确定了Ｎｉ－Ｃｒ－Ｃｏ－Ｂ钎料及其钎焊的Ｋ３合金接头的相组成，研究了钎焊工艺参数和焊后扩散热处理对这类接头组织的影响，并与ＢＮｉ－ｌａ钎料钎焊的Ｋ３合金接头进行了对比。对采用Ｎｉ－Ｃｒ－Ｃｏ－Ｂ钎料和ＢＮｉ－ｌａ钎料钎焊的Ｋ３合金接头室温冲击韧性进行了对比评定。     

Cu-P-Sn-Ni钎料真空钎焊MGH956合金的研究

为扩展Cu-P基钎料在连接MGH956合金中的应用,采用新型Cu-P-Sn-Ni钎料对MGH956合金在800~890℃进行了真空钎焊,研究了不同钎焊温度和保温时间对焊缝组织及力学性能的影响.结果表明:在所研究的钎焊温度范围内保温5 min均可获得成形效果良好的钎焊接头,其主要由钎缝中心区和界面反应层组成,其中,钎缝中心区由α(Cu)固溶体基体和化合物Cu_3P+(Fe,Ni)_3P+FeCr组成,反应层由α(Fe)固溶体、Fe_3P和Cu_3P组成;随着钎焊温度的升高,反应层厚度逐渐增加,钎缝中心区中的化合物Cu_3P+(Fe,Ni)_3P+FeCr的形态也随之发生明显改变;各钎焊温度下获得的钎焊接头经室温拉伸,断裂均发生在钎缝中心区,断口形貌呈现韧性和脆性的混合断裂特征.830℃钎焊5 min的接头抗拉强度最大,为510.3 MPa,达到了母材抗拉强度的70.9%.     

Microstructure and Strength of Brazed Joints of Ti3Al Base Alloy with Cu-P Filler Metal

Brazing of Ti3AI alloys with the filler metal Cu-P was carried out at 1173-1273 K for 60-1800 s. When products are brazed, the optimum brazing parameters are as follows: brazing temperature is 1215-1225 K; brazing time is 250-300 s. Four kinds of reaction products were observed during the brazing of Ti3AI alloys with the filler metal Cu-P, i.e., Ti3AI phase with a small quantity of Cu (Ti3AI(Cu)) formed close to the Ti3AI alloy; the TiCu intermetallic compounds layer and the Cu3P intermetallic compounds layer formed between Ti3AI(Cu) and the filler metal, and a Cu-base solid solution formed with the dispersed Cu3P in the middle of the joint. The interfacial structure of brazed Ti3AI alloys joints with the filler metal Cu-P is Ti3AI/Ti3AI(Cu)/TiCu/Cu3P/Cu solid solution (Cu3P)/Cu3P/TiCu/Ti3AI(Cu)/Ti3AI, and this structure will not change with brazing time once it forms. The thickness of TiCu+Cu3P intermetallic compounds increases with brazing time according to a parabolic law. The activation energy Q and the growth velocity K0 of reaction layer TiCu+Cu3P in the brazed joints of Ti3AI alloys with the filler metal Cu-P are 286 kJ/mol and 0.0821 m2/s, respectively, and growth formula was y2=0.0821exp(-34421.59/T)t. Careful control of the growth for the reaction layer TiCu+Cu3P can influence the final joint strength. The formation of the intermetallic compounds TiCu+Cu3P results in embrittlement of the joint and poor joint properties. The Cu-P filler metal is not fit for obtaining a high-quality joint of Ti3AI brazed.     

Effects of gap filler and brazing temperature on fracture and fatigue of wide-gap brazed joints

The influence of gap filler content on the fracture, fatigue crack initiation and propagation of AISI 316 stainless steel wide-gap brazed with nickel-based filler metal has been investigated. The brazed joints were found to consist of eutectic, intermetallic compound and solid solution. The volume of solid solution was observed to depend on the gap filler content and brazing temperature. Tensile tests with extra small strain gauge bonded at the centre of the joints showed that the strength and elongation of the brazed joints increased with brazing temperature, and the addition of gap filler was able to improve the load-carrying capacity of the brazed joints only when the brazing temperature was high enough. Fatigue crack initiation and growth under displacement amplitude control were also carried out. Crack closure in the brazed joints was determined by means of back face strain on the compact tension specimen used. The introduction of gap filler was able to increase the fatigue and fracture resistance of the brazed joints when a suitable brazing temperature was used. Crack deflection, branching and uncracked ligament bridging behind the crack tip were observable along the crack paths. Experimental results showed that gap filler was able to enhance the crack closure caused by roughness and ligament bridging.     

Vacuum brazing of GH99 superalloy using graphene reinforced BNi-2 composite filler

A novel graphene reinforced BNi-2 composite filler was developed for brazing GH99 superalloy. The interfacial microstructure of brazed joints was analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscope and a transmission electron microscope. The effects of graphene addition on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of brazed joints were investigated, and the strengthening mechanism of graphene was analyzed. The results revealed that due to the addition of graphene, M₂₃(C,B)₆ compounds were synthesized in the γ solid solution and brittle boride precipitates near the brazing seam decreased. Graphene was effective in retarding solute atoms diffusion thus impeding the precipitation of borides. Furthermore, the low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of graphene was conducive to relieve stress concentration of the brazed joints during the cooling process. The shear strengths of brazed joints were significantly improved by exerting the strengthening effect of graphene. The maximum shear strengths of the brazed joints were 410.4?MPa and 329.7?MPa at room temperature and 800?°C, respectively.     

22Ti-78Si高温共晶钎料对SiC陶瓷的钎焊连接

利用非自耗电弧熔融技术制备的22Ti-78Si (wt%)高温共晶钎料实现SiC陶瓷连接. 采用SEM、材料试验机研究了工艺参数对钎焊接头的组织结构、强度和断口形貌的影响规律. 结果表明: 在钎焊温度1380~1420℃、保温时间5~20min、钎料厚度50~200 μm条件下, 均能实现SiC陶瓷连接, 在1400℃、保温时间10min和钎料厚度100μm的条件下, SiC/22Ti-78Si/SiC接头剪切强度最大值可达125MPa.     

Preliminary investigation on joining performance of SiCp-reinforced aluminium metal matrix composite (Al/SiCp–MMC) by vacuum brazing

The present study has investigated the joining performance of SiC particulate reinforced aluminium metal matrix composite (Al/SiC_p–MMC) by vacuum brazing process. After the joints brazed with Al–Si–Mg foil brazing filler metal at different brazing batches, both the mechanical properties and the microstructures of brazed joints were estimated. Moreover, the influence of SiC_p size, SiC_p volume percentage and the brazing parameters on bonding quality of the joints have also been discussed in detail. The results have revealed that the bonding quality either in SiC_p/Al interface or in SiC_p/SiC_p interface belongs to weak bonding, and the results also show that under the same brazing parameters condition, the strength of brazed joints decreases along with increasing the SiC_p volume percentage. In addition, the results also indicate that for a constant SiC_p volume percentage the strength of brazed joints decreases when SiC_p size increases. These results are very useful for the joining design of discontinuously reinforced metal matrix composites and further for the optimum design of composition of composites.     

Joining of C/C composite to TC4 using SiC particle-reinforced brazing alloy

Silicon carbide particles were used as reinforcement in the Ag-26.7Cu-4.6Ti (wt.%) brazing alloy for joining C/C composite to TC4 (Ti-6Al-4V, wt.%). The mechanical properties of the brazed joints were measured by shear strength testing. The effects of the volume percentage of SiC particles on the microstructures of the brazed joints were investigated. It is shown that the maximum shear strength of the joints is 29 MPa using 15 vol.% SiC in the brazing alloy which is greater than that with Ag-26.7Cu-4.6Ti brazing alloy alone (22 MPa). Ti is reacted with SiC particles, forming Ti–Si–C compound in the particle-reinforced brazing alloy. Due to this, more SiC particles in the brazing alloy, the thickness of TiC/TiCu reaction layer near C/C composite decreases. Moreover, SiC particles added to the brazing alloy can reduce the CTE of the brazing alloy which results in lower residual stress in the C/C composite-to-metal joint. Both of the above reasons lead to the increasing of the shear strength of the brazed joints. But excessive SiC particles added to the brazing alloy lead to pores which results in poor strength of the brazed joint.     

Microstructure and strength of brazed joints of Ti3Al-base alloy with different filler metals

The interfacial microstructure and properties of brazed joints of a Ti₃Al-based alloy were investigated in this paper to meet the requirements of the use of Ti₃Al-based alloy in the aeronautic and space industries. The effects of different brazing fillers on the interfacial microstructure and shear strength were studied. The relationship between brazing parameters and shear strength of the joints was discussed, and the optimum brazing parameters were obtained. The brazed joints were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by means of EPMA, SEM and XRD. The results showed that using a AgCuZn brazing filler, TiCu, Ti(Cu,Al)₂ and Ag[s,s] were formed, the shear strength of the joint was decreased because of the formation of TiCu and Ti(Cu,Al)₂; using a CuP brazing filler, Cu₃P, TiCu and Cu[s,s] were formed at the interface of the joint, the former two intermetallic compounds decreased the shear strength. The analysis also indicated that using the TiZrNiCu brazing filler, the optimum parameters were temperature T=1323 K, joining time t=5 min, and the maximum shear strength was 259.6 MPa. For the AgCuZn brazing filler, the optimum parameters were joining temperature T=1073 K, joining time t=5 min, and the maximum shear strength was 165.4 MPa. To the CuP brazing filler, the optimum parameters were joining temperature T=1223 K, joining time t=5 min, and the maximum shear strength is 98.6 MPa. Consulting the results of P. He, J.C. Feng and H. Zhou [Microstructure and strength of brazed joints of Ti₃Al-base alloy with NiCrSiB, Mater. Charact., 52(8) (2004) 309–318], relative to the other brazing fillers, TiZrNiCu is the optimum brazing filler for brazing Ti₃Al-based alloy.     

Effects of Al2O3 Particulates on the Thickness of Reaction Layer of Al2O3 Joints Brazed with Al2O3-Particulate-Contained Composite Filler Materials

In order to understand the rate-controlling process for the interracial layer growth of brazing joints brazed with active composite filler materials, the thickness of brazing joints brazed with conventional active filler metal and active composite filler materials with different volume fraction of AI203 particulate was studied. The experimental results indicate although there are Al2O3 particulates added into active filler metals, the time dependence of interracial layer growth is t^2 as described by Fickian law for the joints brazed with conventional active filler metal. It also shows that the key factor affecting the interracial layer growth is the volume fraction of alumina in the composite filler material compared with the titanium weight fraction in the filler material.