人工感官的方法、技术及应用

人工感官,如人工眼、人工耳和人工鼻等的研制和应用有了很大的进展。文章论述了人工眼、人工耳、人工鼻的实现方法和技术。     

人工心理与人工情感

介绍了人工心理与人工情感的定义、研究意义、关键支撑技术和主要研究内容与应用领域,分析了国内外相关研究的进展.人工情感主要是情感计算方面的研究,人工心理包括人工情感、人工意识以及认知与情绪的人工数字化技术.人工情感是人工心理的一个主要研究内容.最后提出了该研究领域未来需要解决的若干科学问题及几点建议.指出了研究情感形式化方法和开发人类心理数字化技术并实现重大应用,是人工心理和人工情感研究者未来的主要任务.     

基于人工生命种群的人工生态系统演变研究

运用人工生命技术探索生态系统演变的规律,提出了人工生命种群的当量模型;建立了一个基于人工生命种群的人工生态系统,从底层到最顶层依次为模拟气候、人工生态环境、人工植物种群、食草人工动物种群、食肉人工动物种群。开展了人工生态系统演变实验。实验发现,平衡态人工生态系统存在收窄现象,但从不越界,只要模拟气候不低于其临界值,人工生态系统就将继续处于平衡态;但任一生态层在某时刻起低于其临界值将使人工生态系统从该时刻起处于失衡态,失衡态是不可逆的,除非外界足量补缺。基于人工生命种群的人工生态系统演变研究弥补了现有生态系统演变研究存在的缺陷,研究结果揭示了生态系统演变的规律,因此它是研究生态系统演变的科学方法。     

基于共轭梯度法改进的人工鱼群算法*

在基本人工鱼群算法中引入共轭梯度法,得到改进的人工鱼群算法。基本人工鱼群算法对每条人工鱼分别进行聚群算子和追尾算子,若更新结果没有得到改善则进行觅食算子,由于觅食算子具有很大的随机性,这样不能保证每次更新都是有价值的,本文用共轭梯度法代替此时的觅食算子,也就是如果人工鱼利用聚群算子和追尾算子更新,如果没有得到改善,利用共轭梯度法对该条鱼进行更新。在人工鱼群更新过程中引入共轭梯度法,减少随机性,增强人工鱼个体的局部寻优能力,确保人工鱼每次更新都会得到改善,从而加快人工鱼群算法收敛速度。数值试验结果表明,所得改进人工鱼群算法具有更快的收敛速度,同时收敛精度也得到一定提升。     

BPEL中基于异步模式的人工任务执行系统研究

BPEL(Business Process Execution Language)是一种编写基于Web服务的自动化业务流程的语言,但不支持用户交互,用户交互可以通过人工任务实现。为此,提出一种在BPEL中支持人工任务执行的系统架构。在引擎之外定义一个人工任务管理器来维护人工任务,流程与人工任务管理器采用异步消息模式进行交互,以便更适应人工任务执行时间不确定的特点。使用13PEI提供的消息相关集关联异步交互过程中调用人工任务管理器的活动与接收人工任务管理器执行结果的活动。     

基于Log-Linear模型的Gauss-Cauchy自适应人工鱼群算法

针对基本人工鱼群算法在寻优过程中易在非全局极值点附近大量聚集,导致寻优精度降低、收敛速度过慢、人工鱼群多样性降低等问题,提出了一种基于Log-Linear模型的Gauss-Cauchy自适应人工鱼群算法。首先,在基本人工鱼群算法中引入Log-Linear模型来优化人工鱼的三个行为;其次,在算法中引入自适应调整人工鱼视野和步长的策略,随着算法的进行提高了人工鱼的搜索范围和寻优精度;再次,利用Gauss-Cauchy变异来提高人工鱼的多样性。仿真实验结果表明,该算法与其他改进算法相比,有效地提高了收敛速度和寻优精度,保持了人工鱼群的多样性。     

一种融合K-means算法和人工鱼群算法的聚类方法

针对K-means易收敛于局部最优以及对初始值敏感和人工鱼群算法收敛速度快,对初始值不敏感及自组织行为的问题,提出一种K-means和人工鱼群算法融合的聚类方法。该算法先将标准人工鱼群算法用自适应策略加以改进,即在人工鱼群算法早期迭代中使用固定视野,随着迭代次数的增加,采用自适应减少的视野值。在此基础上将K-means算法融入到改进的人工鱼群算法中人工鱼中,随机产生的部分人工鱼在每次完成人工鱼群算法的迭代后,进行一次K-means算法的迭代。实验结果证明融合后的新算法明显地优于粒子群优化(PSO)、K-means及改进的人工鱼群算法(IAFSA),它将有效地被应用于数据聚类中。     

人工免疫系统中人工抗原提呈细胞的设计

反向选择模型是人工免疫系统中的经典模型,但存在训练代价高、覆盖率低的问题.危险理论模型是人工免疫系统中新引进的模型,在降低训练代价,提高覆盖率上具有优势.建立人工免疫危险理论模型必须解决的关键问题之一是:在保持人工免疫系统自适应特征的前提下,设计人工抗原提呈细胞.本文从抗原提呈细胞的生物学原理出发,设计了人工免疫系统中的人工抗原提呈细胞,给出单个人工抗原提呈细胞的结构、细胞上Toll样受体的结构,以及人工抗原提呈细胞群体的结构;设计了人工抗原提呈细胞群体的生命周期.初步的实验结果证明所设计的人工抗原提呈细胞具有自适应发现恶意软件的能力.     

人工系统中数据–因素–算力–算法作用及相互关系研究

目前的研究认为人工智能的核心是数据、算法和算力,但因素在形成人工智能系统过程中是必不可少的。论文针对人工系统中的数据、算力、算法和因素的各自作用,及其相互关系进行了探讨和论证。从人工系统的内涵出发,描述人工系统的发展过程,认为目前和今后的人工系统必将具有人工智能特征,而实现人工系统要充分考虑上述四方面的相互作用。研究结果表明:数据是人工系统辨识因素的基础,也是形成算法的基础;因素是人工系统控制自然系统的方法及算法所需变量;算法体现了因素与数据关系,可描述人工系统结构;算力是解算算法的能力,也需考虑数据和因素的特征。因此因素在人工系统建立过程中与数据、算法和算力具有相同的重要性。它们具有明显的作用关系,且普遍存在于各个学科,是形成各学科理论基础体系的关键。     

基于改进人工势场法的智能无人车路径规划仿真研究

传统的人工势场法由于存在局部极小值问题,使智能无人车无法到达目标点。本文提出一种角度偏移的改进人工势场方法来进行避障的路径规划。介绍传统人工势场模型,详细介绍改进人工势场方法,并且对改进人工势场法进行仿真,实验证明方法的有效性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。