碳纤维的分散性与CFRC复合材料的导电性

借助超声波和新型分散剂羟乙基纤维素的预分散,实现了短碳纤维在水泥基体中的均匀分散,在扫描电镜下观察了硬化试件的断口形貌,讨论了碳纤维掺量、长度、水灰比对碳纤维增强水泥基复合材料(CFRC)导电性的影响.结果发现,CFRC的电阻率随碳纤维掺量的增加呈下降趋势,随水灰比的增加先降低后逐渐上升;采用振动压制成型时,电阻率比振动成型时大幅度下降.     

短切PAN基碳纤维水泥基复合材料的制备及性能研究

以硅酸盐水泥P.O 42.5为基础材料、短切PAN基碳纤维为增强相制备了分散均匀的碳纤维水泥基复合材料,研究了不同掺杂量(0,0.3%,0.6%和0.9%(质量分数))短切PAN基碳纤维的水泥基复合材料的物相结构、微观形貌、力学性能、耐磨性能和抗碳化性能。结果表明,短切PAN基碳纤维的掺杂加速了水化反应的进行,没有产生新的水化产物,碳纤维在水泥基复合材料中呈三维错落分布,构成网格结构,提高了水化产物之间的结合强度,提高了水泥基复合材料的致密性,从而提高了水泥基复合材料的力学性能、耐磨性能和抗碳化性能。随着短切PAN基碳纤维掺杂量的增加,水泥基复合材料7和28 d的抗压强度和抗折强度均表现出先增大后降低的趋势,而质量损失率和碳化深度则表现出先降低后升高的趋势。当短切PAN基碳纤维的掺杂量为0.6%(质量分数)时,质量损失率达到最小值0.34%,养护7和28 d后,抗压强度达到了最大值69.3和86.4 MPa,抗折强度也达到了最大值11.1和14.1 MPa,而碳化深度达到最低值0.35和2.53 mm。综合分析可知,短切PAN基碳纤维的最佳掺杂量为0.6%(质量分数)。     

氧化石墨烯调控水泥基材料形成大规模规整结构及其性能表征

将制备的GO与减水剂和拌合水超声处理后用于制备水泥基复合材料,研究结果表明,GO纳米片层在水泥基体中达到了均匀分散,水泥水化产物成为了规整形状的多面体状水化晶体,通过其交织交联形成了大规模规整致密的微观结构。当GO掺量为0.03%时,尺寸为30~190nm GO的水泥基复合材料28d时的抗压强度和抗折强度比对照样品分别提高了78.8%和112.7%,尺寸为110~410nm GO的水泥基复合材料的抗压强度和抗折强度分别提高了72.3%和93.9%,水泥基复合材料的耐久性显著提高。同时提出了水泥基复合材料微观结构形成机理。     

纳米碳纤维增韧水泥基复合材料的力学性能和耐久性能研究

以普通硅酸盐水泥P.O 42.5为基体材料,不同掺杂量(0,0.4%,0.8%和1.2%(质量分数))的纳米碳纤维为增强相,制备了纳米碳纤维增韧水泥基复合材料,研究了纳米碳纤维的掺杂量对水泥基复合材料晶体结构、力学性能和耐久性能的影响。结果表明,纳米碳纤维的掺杂在水泥基复合材料中未出现新的水化产物,但加速了水化反应的进行;纳米碳纤维的“连接”作用使水泥基复合材料的孔结构变得致密,裂纹和孔隙减少;随着纳米碳纤维掺杂量的增加,水泥基复合材料的抗压强度和抗折强度先增大后减小,当纳米碳纤维的掺杂量为0.8%(质量分数)时,水泥基复合材料28 d的抗压强度和抗折强度均达到了最大值,分别为82.4和13.1MPa;采用单面盐冻法对水泥基复合材料进行抗冻性能测试,发现纳米碳纤维的掺杂改善了水泥基复合材料的抗冻性能,当纳米碳纤维的掺杂量为0.8%(质量分数)时,水泥基复合材料在28次冻融循环后单位面积质量损失量最小为0.114 kg/m²。综合力学性能和耐久性能分析可知,纳米碳纤维的最佳掺量为0.8%(质量分数)。     

亲水型功能化石墨烯的分散性及其对水泥基复合材料力学性能的影响

为了解决石墨烯纳米片在水泥基体中的分散问题,采用芳基重氮盐(F)对氧化石墨烯(GO)进行改性,制备了一种新型亲水型功能化石墨烯(FG)。结果表明,FG在水溶剂中最大的分散浓度能够达到2.1 mg/mL。FTIR、拉曼光谱和XPS结果表明F成功对石墨烯进行了表面改性。对比纯水泥基体材料,本文所制备的亲水型FG/水泥复合材料的28天抗折强度和抗压强度相对提高了95.3%和78.3%。F对GO进行改性,实现了石墨烯在水泥基材料中的均匀分散及对其力学性能的提升。      

CVI处理短碳纤维在CFRC中分散性的评价

碳纤维增强水泥基复合材料(CFRC)是一种新发展起来的、很有潜力的功能材料.丙烯作前驱体,对短碳纤维在高温下(900～1300℃)进行100个小时左右的化学气相浸渍(CVI)表面处理,丙烯在高温下分解,生成热解碳,沉积在碳纤维表面.借助超声波预分散技术及新型分散剂羟乙基纤维素(hydroxyethyl cellulose,HEC)和超细颗粒硅灰的分散作用,实现了CVI处理碳纤维在水泥基体中的均匀分散.HEC水溶液的质量分数控制在1.56～1.77%之间为宜.分别运用扫描电镜法(SEM)、新拌料浆法(FM)、硬化试件电阻率测试法(ERM)及模拟试验法(SE)四种方法评价了CVI处理后短碳纤维的分散性.每种方法均有自身的优缺点和适应环境,四种方法中,模拟试验法(SE)是评价制备CFRC复合材料前期、碳纤维第一步分散的最方便的方法,此法不仅可节约时间和大量的原材料,而且可预测制备CFRC过程中应选择何种分散剂及碳纤维第二步分散的情况.     

碳纤维增强alpha-TCP/TTCP骨水泥的研究

制备了经过氧化处理的碳纤维增强磷酸钙骨水泥(a-tricalcium phosphate cement/tetracalcium phosphate, a-CP/TTCP), 初步探讨了碳纤维长径比、含量对硬化体抗压、抗折强度的影响.实验结果表明长径比为375, 添加量为0.3wt%时, 增强效果最为理想, 抗压强度提高了55%(最大为63.46MPa), 抗折强度提高近100%(最大为11.95MPa), 而掺入量太大及长径比太高, 碳纤维因不能均匀分散将限制其性能的发挥.生物学评价实验结果表明碳纤维增强的骨水泥具有良好的生物相容性.     

PMMA光纤直径对透光水泥基复合材料性能的影响

透光水泥基复合材料是一种集承载、采光和装饰功能于一体的绿色建筑材料,可以作为建筑围护结构应用于墙面和地面空间.虽然光纤直径对透光水泥基复合材料的力学和透光性能影响显著,但目前光纤直径与透光水泥复合材料性能之间的关系仍缺乏系统研究.本工作中采用直径为0.25～1.00 mm的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)光纤,系统研究了其直径对透光水泥基复合材料力学性能、透光性能以及孔隙率的影响规律.结果表明:压力载荷方向垂直于光纤轴向时,透光水泥基复合材料的抗压强度和抗折强度在光纤直径为0.25 mm时分别达到了27.22 MPa和5.43 MPa,较水泥基体分别提高了9.76％和18.56％;压力载荷方向平行于光纤轴向时,透光水泥基复合材料的抗压强度和抗折强度在光纤直径为0.25 mm时分别达到了30.33 MPa和2.37 MPa,较水泥基体分别提高了22.30％和降低了48.25％.光纤/水泥基体界面有效阻碍了断裂时裂纹的扩展,提高了水泥基复合材料的强度,并且光纤直径越小,其对水泥的增强效果越显著.光纤掺入后水泥基复合材料变为各向异性材料,施加载荷的方向对其抗折强度影响显著,当载荷方向垂直于光纤轴向时,光纤的掺入对水泥基复合材料主要起到增韧增强的作用,提高了水泥基复合材料的抗折强度;当载荷方向平行于光纤轴向时,界面有效促进裂纹产生,抗折强度减小.透光水泥基复合材料的透光率在波长为400～800 nm时均小于理论值(1.0％),光线在PMMA光纤中传输时的固有损耗和界面散射,是影响复合材料透光率的重要原因.     

纳米碳黑水泥基复合材料力学性能及微观结构分析

对纳米碳黑(33nm)、碳纤维不同掺入量的水泥基复合材料进行了对比研究.研究发现掺入一定量的纳米碳黑可以使水泥基复合材料的抗压和抗折强度明显提高,并且提高幅度大于相同掺量的碳纤维水泥基复合材料.纳米碳黑水泥基复合材料的扫描电镜(SEM)结果表明:纳米碳黑较为均匀地分散在水泥基材料中,与水泥水化物结合紧密,并且纳米碳黑的尺寸小,比表面积大,对水泥基材料的孔隙具有填充作用,改善了材料的微观孔结构,减少了微观缺陷,使水泥基复合材料结构更加致密.     

碳纤维增强α-TCP/TTCP骨水泥的研究

制备了经过氧化处理的碳纤维增强磷酸钙骨水泥(α—tricalcium phosphate cement／tetracalcium phosphate，α—TCP／TTCP)，初步探讨了碳纤维长径比、含量对硬化体抗压、抗折强度的影响．实验结果表明长径比为375，添加量为0．3wt％时，增强效果最为理想，抗压强度提高了55％(最大为63．46MPa)，抗折强度提高近100％(最大为11．95MPa)，而掺入量太大及长径比太高，碳纤维因不能均匀分散将限制其性能的发挥．生物学评价实验结果表明碳纤维增强的骨水泥具有良好的生物相容性。     

Carbon fibre-cement adhesion in carbon fibre reinforced cement composites

The addition of small amounts of short carbon fibres to cement causes a great increase in the composite material toughness and tensile, flexural, and impact strength. In order to understand how cement properties are improved by carbon fibres and to understand the level of adhesion and interfacial failure mode which are necessary to obtain optimum carbon fibre reinforced cement (CFRC) properties, various admixtures were included in cement and CFRC. Their effects on the carbon fibre-cement adhesion and the composite material properties were determined using fibre pull-out and composite material flexural tests. The addition of latex to CFRC, and hot water curing of CFRC dramatically increase fibre-matrix adhesion. Both latex (with an anti-foam agent) and hot water curing increase flexural strength by 40% over adhesion changes the failure mode from fibre pull-out to fibre rupture. Optimum strength and toughness of CFRC result from an intermediate level of fibre-matrix adhesion.     

碳纤维表面处理对纤维的分散性和CFRC压敏性的影响

提出了复合材料界面的重要性,应用了一种新的碳纤维表面处理方法--气液双效法.结果发现,碳纤维的气液双效法表面处理不仅同时提高了碳纤维的抗拉强度和复合材料的层间剪切强度,而且改善了纤维的分散性,在循环荷载作用下还发现用这种表面处理的纤维制成的碳纤维混凝土对应变变化感应的稳定性和重复性得到有效提高.     

混杂比对碳/芳纶纤维混杂纬编双轴向多层衬纱织物增强复合材料力学性能的影响

利用层内混杂的方式制备碳/芳纶纤维混杂纬编双轴向多层衬纱织物,通过对材料进行拉伸、三点弯曲等实验研究该织物增强复合材料的力学性能及混杂比对其力学性能的影响。结果表明,按照一定的混杂比加入芳纶纤维后复合材料的拉伸性能提高,表现出积极的混杂效应。由于延伸性好的芳纶纤维的加入,使复合材料的拉伸断裂伸长率明显提高,材料破坏模式出现了完全脆性断裂模式(C12材料破坏形式)和“扫帚”形纤维断裂模式(C8A4,C6A6材料破坏形式)。此外,按照一定的混杂比加入芳纶纤维也有效改善了碳纤维增强复合材料的破坏韧性,碳/芳纶纤维混杂MBWK织物增强复合材料的弯曲强度和弯曲模量随混杂比的提高而呈下降趋势,当复合材料中芳纶含量从42%(体积分数,下同)(C6A6)到59.2%(C4A8)的变化过程中,弯曲强度和弯曲模量的降低率较高。0°试样在混杂比为59.2%(C4A8)时,弯曲挠度最大,达到7.49 mm,远高于纯芳纶纤维或纯碳纤维增强的复合材料。所有90°混杂复合材料试样的弯曲挠度均高于纯芳纶纤维或纯碳纤维增强的复合材料,表现出积极的混杂效应。     

Evaluating the effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the mechanical properties of chopped strand mat/polyester composites

In this research, the influence of adding multi-walled carbon nanotubes at various contents on the mechanical properties of chopped strand mat/polyester composites was investigated. Initially, the effect of the sonication time on the dispersion of carbon nanotube at the highest weight ratio (0.5 wt.%) was inspected. To achieve this goal, a new technique based on scanning electron microscopy, which utilizes the burn-off test, was introduced to visualize the dispersion state of carbon nanotubes. Subsequently, the effect of addition of multi-walled carbon nanotube on the tensile and flexural properties of the fiber reinforced composites was studied. The results of mechanical tests showed that adding only 0.05 wt.% carbon nanotube enhanced the flexural strength of the hybrid composite by 45% while the tensile strength was not changed significantly. Improvements in the tensile and flexural moduli were also observed. Moreover, theoretical relations between the tensile, flexural and compressive moduli based on the classical beam theory were employed to determine the effect of carbon nanotube on the compressive modulus of composites. The theoretical result showed 31% enhancement in the compressive modulus.     

碳纤维增强水泥基复合材料的发展与研究

传统的水泥混凝土材料由于功能单一、脆性大、自重大、抗拉强度和抗弯强度差,在一些特殊领域中的应用受到了很大限制.碳纤维由于具有高比强度、高比模量、密度小、耐腐蚀、导电性好、对人畜无害等优异性能而颇受材料科学工作者的青睐,被视为许多复合材料的优良增强体.将碳纤维加入到水泥基体中,制成碳纤维增强水泥基复合材料,不仅可改善水泥自身力学性能的缺陷,使其具有高强度、高模量、高韧性,更重要的是能把普通的水泥建筑材料变成对温度和应力敏感、具有自感知内部应力和损伤及一系列电磁屏蔽性能的智能材料.     

HA改性短切碳纤维/PMMA生物复合材料力学性能的研究

采用原位合成与溶液共混的方法,制备了纳米羟基磷灰石(HA)-短切碳纤维（C_f）/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)生物复合材料, 研究了HA对HA-C_f/PMMA复合材料的力学性能和微观结构的影响. 采用万能材料试验机测试了HA-C_f/PMMA复合材料的力学性能,用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）、场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）和红外吸收光谱仪(FT-IR)分析测试手段对材料的组成结构及断面的微观形貌等进行了测试和表征. 结果表明,采用卵磷脂改性后的HA纳米片与PMMA基体的界面结合性能得到了有效改善,显著提高了复合材料的力学性能;随着HA含量的增加,HA-C_f/PMMA复合材料的弯曲强度、拉伸强度、压缩强度、弯曲模量和拉伸模量均呈先增大后减小的趋势. 当HA含量在8wt%时,复合材料的力学性能最佳.     

Additive manufacturing of carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites using fused deposition modeling

Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have been successfully applied in various applications. Fused deposition modeling (FDM), one of the most popular AM techniques, is the most widely used method for fabricating thermoplastic parts those are mainly used as rapid prototypes for functional testing with advantages of low cost, minimal wastage, and ease of material change. Due to the intrinsically limited mechanical properties of pure thermoplastic materials, there is a critical need to improve mechanical properties for FDM-fabricated pure thermoplastic parts. One of the possible methods is adding reinforced materials (such as carbon fibers) into plastic materials to form thermoplastic matrix carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites those could be directly used in the actual application areas, such as aerospace, automotive, and wind energy. This paper is going to present FDM of thermoplastic matrix CFRP composites and test if adding carbon fiber (different content and length) can improve the mechanical properties of FDM-fabricated parts. The CFRP feedstock filaments were fabricated from plastic pellets and carbon fiber powders for FDM process. After FDM fabrication, effects on the tensile properties (including tensile strength, Young's modulus, toughness, yield strength, and ductility) and flexural properties (including flexural stress, flexural modulus, flexural toughness, and flexural yield strength) of specimens were experimentally investigated. In order to explore the parts fracture reasons during tensile and flexural tests, fracture interface of CFRP composite specimens after tensile testing and flexural testing was observed and analyzed using SEM micrograph.     

短切炭纤维的CVI处理及其在CFRC中的分散性

采用CVI法对短炭纤维进行表面处理, 借助超声波对其进行预分散, 用新型分散剂羟乙基纤维素(HEC)和超细粉硅灰对其进行分散, 并研究了其在水泥基体中的分散性; 在SEM电镜下观察了短炭纤维增强水泥基复合材料(CFRC)的断口形貌, 用炭纤维质量变动系数定量评价了短炭纤维在CFRC中的分散性。结果表明, 采用CVI预处理和超声波预分散, 在分散剂HEC和硅灰不同掺量下, 炭纤维的分散性均得到显著改善。炭纤维的分散性随HEC掺量的增加而提高, 当HEC掺量为水泥质量的0.6%、 硅灰掺量为水泥质量的10%时, 两种分散剂的协同作用使炭纤维质量变动系数最小, 此时炭纤维在水泥基体中的分散性最理想。      

Mechanical and microstructural properties of Nylon-12/carbon black composites: Selective laser sintering versus melt compounding and injection molding

Composites of Nylon-12 reinforced with 4 wt.% carbon black (CB) manufactured by selective laser sintering (SLS) are compared in terms of flexural strength and flexural modulus, tensile strength and tensile modulus, and impact strength to composites made by extrusion and injection molding (Ex-IM). The Nylon-12 system made by SLS had 25% and 35% higher flexural and tensile modulus, respectively, compared to the Nylon-12 system made by Ex-IM and ∼10% higher strength. However, upon addition of CB both the modulus and the strength of the composites made by SLS were significantly lower compared to composites made by Ex-IM. This is due to the poor dispersion of nanoscale CB and due to the higher porosity of the composites made by SLS, which also explains the relatively low impact strength observed. Based on XRD and DSC studies, it is concluded that the composites made by the two processing methods did not differ significantly in their crystallization characteristics such as the degree of crystallinity, crystal type, and lamellar thickness. However, it was found that CB acted as a nucleating agent for Nylon-12 when Ex-IM was used, leading thus to smaller but more numerous polymer crystals.     

Correlation of constitutive response of hybrid textile reinforced concrete from tensile and flexural tests

This papers addresses the disparities that exist in measuring the constitutive properties of thin section cement composites using a combination of tensile and flexural tests. It is shown that when the test results are analyzed using a simplified linear analysis, the variability between the results of tensile and flexural strength can be as high as 200–300%. Experimental results of tension and flexural tests of laminated Textile Reinforced Concrete (TRC) composites with alkali resistant (AR) glass, carbon, aramid, polypropylene textile fabrics, and a hybrid reinforcing system with aramid and polypropylene are presented. Correlation of material properties is studied analytically using a parametric model for simulation of flexural behavior using a closed form solution based on tensile stress–strain constitutive relation. The flexural load carrying capacity of TRC composites is computed using a back-calculation approach, and parameters for a strain hardening material model are obtained using the closed form equations. While the parametric model over predicts the simulated tensile response for carbon and polypropylene TRCs, predictions are however consistent with experimental trends for aramid and glass TRCs. Detailed discussion of the differences between backcalculated and experimental tensile properties is presented. Results can be implemented as average moment–curvature relationship in the structural design and analysis of cement composites.