夏热冬冷地区小城镇节能住宅社会经济效益分析

夏热冬冷地区小城镇非节能住宅室内热环境状况极差,人们为了改善室内热环境,使我国本来短缺的能源供应日益紧张,也给生态环境带来了不可挽回的损失。本文分析了节能住宅的社会经济效益,提倡在小城镇住宅建设中尽量减少对自然资源的摄取,采用节能技术,在国家政策、法规等配合下,创造建筑与环境共生的理想的未来住宅。     

新型农村住宅夏季节能效果分析

针对当前农村住宅围护结构热工性能较差的问题,提出了在农村住宅围护结构中采用双保温空心苯板模块墙体结构。对新型农村住宅和普通农村住宅进行了实际测试,并用DeST-h进行模拟分析,探讨室内热环境的改善与节能效果。结果表明,新型农村住宅室内热环境状况得到明显改善,室内空气温度在垂直和水平方向均明显降低,节能率最高可达65.92%。     

论夏热冬冷地区地板采暖的可行性

随着国民经济的发展及生活水准的提高，作为一种高效节能、舒适性佳的住宅采暖方式——地板采暖受到国内越来越多的关注。住宅产业的发展及国家节能法规的实施则为此行业的发展提供了机遇和挑战。2001年夏热冬冷地区推出了节能规范，以积极推广健康、舒适、节能的住宅温热环境技术。文中对夏热冬冷地区的经济发展状况及地理气候环境特点等作了调查分析。并结合国家对该地区的节能规范考察了地板采暖的发展可行性，并预测了应用前景。     

论夏热冬冷地区地板采暖的可行性

2 0 0 1年夏热冬冷地区推出了建筑节能的有关规范 ,以积极推广健康、舒适、节能的住宅温热环境技术。本文对夏热冬冷地区的经济发展状况及地理气候环境特点等作了调查分析 ,并结合国家对该地区的节能规范考察了发展地板采暖的可行性 ,并预测了应用前景。     

夏热冬冷地区农村住宅节能改造措施研究

为了改善地区住宅建筑能耗水平,通过围护结构在建筑节能方面改造,针对我国夏热冬冷地区农村住宅能耗的特点,对屋顶、门窗、地面和外墙等提出了节能改造方案,提高了室内外住宅建筑冷热环境和舒适度,创建了具有农村特色的住宅节能改造技术体系,为农村住宅节能改造方面的研究提供理论依据。     

新建住宅实际能耗状况的研究

以满足新的节能设计标准的住宅楼内的44户住户为研究对象,基于住宅采暖耗热量和用电量的数据采集和统计分析,掌握新建住宅楼在实际使用过程中的采暖、空调以及生活用电能耗状况,研究分析住宅建筑的能耗结构。结果表明新建住宅建筑的采暖能耗远未达到、节能标准的要求,其次生活用电的能耗也很大。进一步的问卷调查、测试、模拟计算以及对比分析表明,导致住宅高能耗的主要原因在于居住者不合理的采暖、空调和生活用电行为。因此,在住宅节能的研究工作中,应对建筑中的人行为状况予以足够的重视。     

湖南乡村住宅节能技术适用研究

结合湖南地区的农村住宅节能特点,简述了湖南省目前农村住宅的现状并对现有农村住宅节能中存在的问题进行阐述。详细介绍了该省农村住宅在墙体、窗户、屋面等部位的建筑节能保温的一些适用技术和各种技术的优缺点。提出从规划设计开始,应充分考虑建筑楼地面、屋面,墙体、门窗、遮阳等方面的节能构造措施,从而提高农村住宅的节能效果,以较经济的方式改善农民居住环境。     

江苏地区新农村建设中建筑节能改造的经济性分析

通过实地调研,考察了南京、常州、淮安地区居民住宅的建筑结构、建筑日照、通风遮阳、空调使用习惯等基本情况,分析了目前居民住宅建筑的热环境和采取的节能措施,并进一步分析了其节能潜力,为相关部门制定及调整能源政策提供依据.     

上海住宅建筑节能潜力分析

根据上海近年来的住宅建筑用能状况和“十五”期间发展趋势，参照新颁布的《上海住宅建筑节能设计标准》以及“十五”期间住宅建筑发展规划，组合新的节能电器发展态势，估算了上海住宅建筑节能的潜力，并提出了相应的措施。     

湖南地区住宅建筑能耗探讨

通过对湖南地区住宅建筑抽样调查,统计了其能耗状况、体形系数、窗墙比及窗墙材料等情况,分析了这些因素对该地区住宅建筑能耗影响,指出要降低住宅建筑能耗,在建筑设计时就应做好体形系数、窗墙比及窗户等的规划设计,在使用过程中要注意搞好绿化措施及提高居民的节能意识。     

基于系统动力学的农村能源可持续发展动态模拟

运用系统动力学理论和方法,建立农村能源可持续发展的系统动力学模型,并将农村能源系统分为人口、能源供给、可再生能源开发、建筑等子系统。通过对山东省农村能源模型进行动态模拟,分析预测到2030年山东省农村能源发展情况,从而得出发展农村可再生能源、优化能源结构是较好的农村能源发展模式的结论。     

中国农村能源发展现状及“十二五”展望

近年来,我国高度重视农村能源建设,投资力度不断增加,政策法规体系初步建立,农村沼气已实现跨越式发展,太阳能热利用持续快速增长,秸秆能源化利用也取得初步进展。但还存在着优质能源比例低、城乡差距大、投资结构不合理以及市场化程度低等问题。建议在"十二五"期间,按照"因地制宜、多能互补、综合利用、讲求效益"的发展方针,大力推广农村可再生能源和节能技术,采取完善政策法规、开发农村能源市场等措施,促进农村社会经济可持续发展。     

Rural energy in China: Pattern and policy

An overview of energy consumption pattern by available data and the analysis of some relevant aspects of energy policy in rural China are presented in this paper. The most obvious trend is the steady decreased proportion of biomass use, from 70.79% to 30.95%, and increased percentage of coal and electricity use, whereas coal and biomass are the major energy sources in rural areas, accounting for more than 70% of the total rural energy consumption even in 2007. Moreover, the energy consumption varies tremendously across provinces both in total and by fuel types, due to diversities of geographic features, economic development levels and local energy source availability. The rural energy policy and strategy of China have been somewhat unique, characterized by multi-resources, multi-assortments and multi-distribution channels. Some evident transition features can be found for both the rural energy consumption structure and the rural energy policy during the concerned period, that is, from noncommercial energy to commercial energy and from just satisfying energy demand to multi-purposes considering more factors as rural development and environmental protection.     

农村家庭能源贫困问题研究——基于贵州省盘县的问卷调查

我国的能源消费城乡差距大,能源消费结构极不合理,农村地区是能源贫困的重灾区。文章在文献综述的基础上,对农村地区目前使用的电力、煤炭、薪柴、汽油／柴油、煤油、液化气、沼气、太阳能等九种能源结构分析发现,受访地区农村家庭能源贫困主要体现为家庭能源消费支出贫困和家庭能源消费结构贫困。从解决途径来看,发展农村地区绿色电力、提高农村家庭经济收入、优化农村家庭能源消费结构、实施农村家庭能源贫困救助是值得提倡和可行的。     

Sustainable development of rural energy and its appraising system in China

The local biomass resources have been used in rural China for quite a long time, which has a close connection with and will inevitably affect the environment. In recent years, China has experienced rapid economic growth and equally rapid increases in energy use, especially commercial energy, in rural areas. As a result, energy induced environmental degradation has also increased in rural China. This paper discusses the relationship between China’s rural energy and its sustainable development. It brings forward the index system for appraising the sustainable development of rural energy (SDRE), calculates the weighing of each index with analytic hierarchy process (AHP), puts forward the quantification method and provides the basis for the research of the rural energy for sustainable development in different areas and periods.     

COHERENT DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL ECONOMY,ECOLOGY AND ENERGY County-level Integrated Rural Energy Development Has Achieved Obvious Benefits

This paper analysis the rural energy development program and its economic background, points out that the input of different types of energy is necessary for developing rural economy and that China has achieved soundly environmental benefit in rural energy development. On the basis of the trial work in 18 counties successfully conducted integrated rural energy development during 1983 to 1990. China has launched Integrated Rural Energy Development (IRED) in 160 counties. It is a new model for rural energy development and will achieve simultaneously the benefits of energy, ecology and social development. This paper also points out what should be strengthened to further promote IRED.     

China's rural energy system and management

The issues related to rural energy development and the corresponding escalating economic activities have given rise to a complex, interrelationship among societal, economics, energy, environment and rural policies. With 7% of the world's farm land to produce food for 23% of the world's population, combined with the increasing energy demands for modernized farming has resulted in a dynamic rural energy policy for China. This paper discusses the characteristics of a rural society, outlines the relationship of rural energy supply and demand management, and discusses the interrelationship between energy and the environment utilization. An illustration of the diffusion of biomass as a success story highlights some of the policies related to self-building, self-managing and self-using. Also discussed in this paper are the results of the integrated rural energy-policy, that is, the social benefits to farmers and the decrease of energy consumption per unit of output. Emerging nations must undertake a comprehensive analysis and synthesis of their respective rural energy developments and the corresponding interrelationships between technology, economics and the environment.     

农村可再生能源适用技术的经济性分析

在农村和城市能源消费模式有很大的区别,在城市能源消费具有相当的密集性,而大部分可再生能源由于其资源密集度较低以及市场竞争能力不足不适宜在城市应用,但在农村则不会造成很大问题,因为农村的用能密集度也不高。一些可再生能源利用技术在农村发展和生态环境保护中发挥了重要的作用,促进了农村的可持续发展。文章将以实例研究的形式重点讨论几种适用山区农村和平原农村的可再生能源利用技术的经验性及其适应性。     

Prospects of key technologies of integrated energy systems for rural electrification in China

Owing to increasing environmental concerns and resource scarcity, integrated energy system shave become widely used in communities. Rural energy systems, as one of the important links of the energy network in China, suffer from low energy efficiency and weak infrastructure. Therefore, it is particularly important to increase the proportion of electricity consumption and build an integrated energy system for rural electrification in China (IESREIC) with a rural distribution network as the core, in line with national conditions. In this study, by analyzing the Chinese regional differences and natural resource endowments, the development characteristics of the IESREIC are summarized. Then, according to the existing rural energy problems, key technologies are proposed for the IESREIC, such as those for planning and operation, value sharing, infrastructure, and a management and control platform. Finally, IESREIC demonstration projects and business models are introduced for agricultural production, rural industrial systems, and rural life. The purpose is to propose research concepts for the IESREIC, provide suggestions for the development of rural energy, and provide a reference for the construction of rural energy systems in countries with characteristics similar to those of China.     

西藏可再生能源的利用与农村能源的可持续发展

本文着重介绍了地处青藏高原的西藏可再生能源资源的发展历程,分析了西藏农牧区能源利用现状、西藏农村能源可持续发展面临的主要困难,提出了其解决的对策,为西藏农村能源可持续发展建设提供了依据。