Synthesis and antitumour and antiangiogenesis activity of polymers containing methacryloyl‐2‐oxy‐1,2,3‐propane tricarboxylic acid

A new monomer, methacryloyl‐2‐oxy‐1,2,3‐propane tricarboxylic acid (MTCA), was synthesized from citric acid and methacrylic anhydride. Poly(methacryloyl‐2‐oxy‐1,2,3‐propane tricarboxylic acid) and poly(methacryloyl‐2‐oxy‐1,2,3‐propane tricarboxylic acid)‐co‐(maleic anhydride) were prepared by radical polymerizations. Terpoly(methacryloyl‐2‐oxy‐1,2,3‐propane tricarboxylic acid–maleic anhydride–furan) was obtained by in situ terpolymerization of MTCA and exo‐3,6‐epoxy‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydrophthalic anhydride. The synthesized samples were identified by FTIR, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectroscopies. The number‐average molecular weights of the fractionated polymers determined by GPC were in the range 14 900–16 600 and polydispersity indices were less than 1.14. The in vitro IC₅₀ values of the monomer and polymers against cancer and normal cell lines were much higher than those of 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU). The in vivo antitumour activities of the synthesized samples at a dosage of 0.8 mg kg⁻¹ against mice bearing the sarcoma 180 tumour cell line decreased in the order terpoly(MTCA‐MAH‐FUR) > poly(MTCA‐co‐MAH) > poly(MTCA) > MTCA > 5‐FU. The synthesized samples inhibited DNA replication and angiogenetic activity more than did 5‐FU. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

Synthesis,antitumour and DNA replication activities of polymers containing vinyl‐(5‐fluorouracil)‐ethanoate

A new monomer, vinyl‐(5‐fluorouracil)‐ethanoate (VFUE), was synthesized by reaction of 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) and vinyl iodoacetate. The homopolymer of VFUE and its copolymers with acrylic acid (A, A) and maleic anhydride (MAH) were prepared by photopolymerization. The synthesized VFUE and polymers were identified by FTIR, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectroscopies. The contents of VFUE unit in poly(VFUE‐co‐AA) and poly(VFUE‐co‐MAH) were 21 mol% and 16 mol%, respectively. The number average molecular weights of the polymers determined by gel permeation chromatography were in the range 9600–17900 g mol^?1. The in vitro cytotoxicities of the samples against a normal cell line decreased as follows: 5‐FU > VFUE > poly(VFUE) > poly(VFUE‐co‐AA) > poly(VFUE‐co‐MAH). The in vivo antitumour activities of the polymers against Balb/C mice bearing the sarcoma 180 tumour cells were greater than those of 5‐FU at all concentrations. The inhibition of simian virus 40 DNA replication by the samples was much greater than that of the control. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

Swelling and Adsorption Properties of Hydrophobic Poly[(N‐(3‐(dimethylamino)propyl)methacrylamide)‐co‐(lauryl acrylate)] Hydrogels in Aqueous Solutions of Surfactants

Summary: The swelling and adsorption behavior of a series of hydrophobic poly[(N‐(3‐(dimethylamino)propyl)methacrylamide)‐co‐(lauryl acrylate)] [P(DMAPMA‐co‐LA)] hydrogels was studied as a function of temperature in aqueous solutions of the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and the cationic surfactant dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB). Between 0 and 41.7 mol‐% of lauryl acrylate (LA) were used as a hydrophobic comonomer in the hydrogel synthesis. In SDS solutions, the equilibrium swelling ratio of the hydrogels decreased with increasing temperature. At SDS concentrations below 0.0083 M , the hydrogels exhibited an almost linear swelling behavior. However, for SDS concentrations above 0.0083 M , non‐linear swelling behavior was observed in the range 28–36 °C. In contrast to the SDS solutions, in all DTAB solutions the equilibrium swelling ratio of the hydrogels increased with increasing temperature and a positive temperature sensitive property was shown for all P(DMAPMA‐co‐LA) hydrogels. The adsorption capacities of the hydrogels in aqueous solutions of SDS and DTAB were determined via surface tension measurements. An increase in the LA content in the hydrogel caused an increase in the amount of adsorbed surfactant molecules in both media.

Effect of the DTAB concentration on the adsorption capacities of P(DMAPMA‐co‐LA) hydrogels.     

Syntheses and biological activities of polymers containing methacryloyl‐2‐oxy‐1,2,3‐propanetricarboxylic acid or 5‐fluorouracil

A series of novel copolymers, poly(methacryloyl‐2‐oxy‐1,2,3‐propanetricarboxylic acid‐co‐exo‐3,6‐epoxy‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydrophthalic acid) [poly(MTCA‐co‐ETAc)], poly(methacryloyl‐2‐oxy‐1,2,3‐propanetricarboxylic acid‐co‐hydrogenethyl‐exo‐3,6‐epoxy‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydrophthalate) [poly(MTCA‐co‐HEET)], and poly(methacryloyl‐2‐oxy‐1,2,3‐propanetricarboxylic acid‐co‐α‐ethoxy‐exo‐3,6‐epoxy‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydrophthaloyl‐5‐fluorouracil) [poly(MTCA‐co‐EETFU)], were prepared from corresponding monomers by photopolymerizations at 25°C for 48 h. The polymers were identified by FTIR, ¹H‐NMR, and ¹³C‐NMR spectroscopies. The number‐average molecular weights of the fractionated polymers determined by GPC were in the range from 9400 to 14,900 and polydispersity indices were 1.2–1.4. The in vitro IC₅₀ values of polymers against mouse mammary carcinoma (FM3A), mouse leukemia (P388), and human histiocytic lymphoma (U937) as cancer cell lines and mouse liver cells (AC2F) as a normal cell line were much higher compared to that of 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU). The in vivo antitumor activities of monomers and polymers against mice bearing sarcoma 180 tumor cell line were better than those of 5‐FU. The inhibition of DNA replication and antiangiogenesis activities of MTCA and copolymers were better compared to those of 5‐FU. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 57–64, 2004     

4,5‐Bis(5‐tetrazolyl)‐1,2,3‐triazole: Synthesis and Performance

4,5‐Bis(5‐tetrazolyl)‐1,2,3‐triazole (BTT) was synthesized by a new method. Its structure was characterized by IR and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis (EA). The thermal stability of BTT was investigated by TG‐DSC technique. The kinetic parameters including activation energy and pro‐exponential factor were calculated by Kissinger equation. The combustion heat, detonation products, hygroscopicity, impact, and friction sensitivity were also measured. The formation heat, detonation pressure, and detonation velocity of BTT were calculated. BTT has high detonation pressure and detonation velocity (P=35.36 GPa, D=8.971 km s⁻¹). BTT has potential application prospect as environmentally friendly gas generant, insensitive explosive and solid propellant.     

Synthesis,Crystal Structure,and Thermal Behaviors of 3‐Nitro‐1,5‐bis(4,4′‐dimethylazide)‐1,2,3‐triazolyl‐3‐azapentane (NDTAP)

The energetic material, 3‐nitro‐1,5‐bis(4,4′‐dimethyl azide)‐1,2,3‐triazolyl‐3‐azapentane (NDTAP), was firstly synthesized by means of Click Chemistry using 1,5‐diazido‐3‐nitrazapentane as main material. The structure of NDTAP was confirmed by IR, ¹H NMR, and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy; mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. The crystal structure of NDTAP was determined by X‐ray diffraction. It belongs to monoclinic system, space group C2/c with crystal parameters a=1.7285(8) nm, b=0.6061(3) nm, c=1.6712(8) nm, β=104.846(8)°, V=1.6924(13) nm³, Z=8, μ=0.109 mm⁻¹, F(000)=752, and D_c=1.422 g cm⁻³. The thermal behavior and non‐isothermal decomposition kinetics of NDTAP were studied with DSC and TG‐DTG methods. The self‐accelerating decomposition temperature and critical temperature of thermal explosion are 195.5 and 208.2 °C, respectively. NDTAP presents good thermal stability and is insensitive.     

Influences of the grafting percentage of natural rubber‐graft‐poly(2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate) on properties of its vulcanizates

The graft copolymerization of 2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) monomer onto natural rubber (NR) latex was successful using cumene hydroperoxide and tetraethylene pentamine as redox initiators. The grafting of poly(2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate) (PHEA) on the NR particles was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ¹H NMR spectroscopy and TEM. The NR‐g‐PHEA with various grafting percentages (0%, 8.7%, 14.3% and 18.7%) was compounded on a two‐roll mill with a sulfur vulcanization system. The effects of grafting percentage on the cure characteristics, dielectric properties, thermal properties and physical properties of NR‐g‐PHEA vulcanizates were investigated. It was found that increased grafting caused NR‐g‐PHEA vulcanizates to have reduced water contact angle, scorch time and cure time, while the dielectric constant and dissipation factor increased. The NR‐g‐PHEA vulcanizate with 8.7% grafting exhibited the highest delta torque (M_H ? M_L), crosslink density, tensile strength, moduli at 100%, 200% and 300% strains, and hardness, with insignificant loss of elongation at break in comparison to the other cases. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry     

Syntheses and characterization of polystyrene‐supported 2,5‐dimercapto‐1,3,4‐thiodiazole and its sorption behavior for Pd(II), Pt(IV), and Au(III)

A type of chelating resin crosslinking polystyrene‐supported 2,5‐dimercapto‐1,3,4‐thiodiazole (also called bismuththiol I, BMT), containing sulfur and nitrogen atoms, was prepared. The structure of PS‐BMT was confirmed by FTIR, elemental analysis, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Adsorption of Pd(II), Pt(IV), and Au(III) was investigated. The capacity of PS‐BMT to adsorb Pd(II) and Pt(IV) was 0.190 and 0.033 mmol/g, respectively. The adsorption dynamics of Pd(II) showed that adsorption was controlled by liquid film diffusion and that the apparent activation energy, E_a, was 32.67 kJ/mol. The Langmuir model was better than the Freundlich model in describing the isothermal process of Pd(II), and the ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS values calculated were ?0.33 kJ/mol, 26.29 kJ/mol, and 87.95 J mol^?1 K^?1, respectively. The mechanisms of adsorption of Pd(II), Pt(IV), and Au(III) were confirmed by XPS. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 631–637, 2006     

Cold crystallization of water in hydrated poly(2‐methoxyethyl acrylate) (PMEA)

The structure of water associated with poly(2‐methoxyethyl acrylate) (PMEA), which is known to exhibit excellent blood compatibility, has been investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The total equilibrium water content (EWC) of PMEA was 9.0 wt%. Water in the PMEA could be classified into three types: non‐freezing, freezing‐bound and free water. Cold crystallization of water was clearly observed at about −42 °C on heating when the water content was more than 3.0 wt%. Cold crystallization is attributed to the phase transition from the amorphous ice to the crystal ice in PMEA. The relative proportions of freezing‐bound water at the EWC is 48 % of all the water in hydrated PMEA. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

Preparation of poly(styrene‐b‐2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate) block copolymer using reverse iodine transfer polymerization

Reverse iodine transfer polymerizations (RITP) of 2‐h‐ydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) were performed in N,N‐dimethylformamide at 75°C using AIBN as initiator. Poly(2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate) (PHEA) with M_n = 3300 g mol^?1 and M_w/M_n <1.5 were obtained. Homopolymerization of styrene in RITP was also carried out under similar conditions using toluene as solvent. The resulting iodo‐polystyrene (PS‐I) with (M_{n, SEC} = 607 g mol^?1, polydispersity index (PDI) = 1.31) was used as a macroinitiator for the synthesis of amphiphilic block copolymers based on HEA with controlled well‐defined structure. Poly(styrene‐b‐2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate) (PS‐b‐PHEA) with M_n = 13,000 g mol^?1 and polydispersity index (M_w/M_n) = 1.4 was obtained, copolymer composition was characterized using ¹H‐NMR and FTIR, whereas SEC and gradient HPLC were used to confirm the formation of block copolymer and the living character of polymer chains. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Novel microporous poly(vinylidene fluoride)‐graft‐poly(tert‐butyl acrylate) electrolytes for secondary lithium batteries

BACKGROUND: Much interest has recently been shown in improving the performance of lithium‐ion polymer batteries with gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) due to a rapid expansion in industrial demand. Novel GPEs based on poly(vinylidene fluoride)‐graft‐poly(tert‐butyl acrylate) (PVDF‐g‐tBA) microporous mats are suggested in this study. RESULTS: Microfibrous polymer electrolytes were prepared using electrospinning and characterized for extent of grafting, morphology, crystallinity, electrochemical stability, ionic conductivity, interfacial resistance and cell cycleability. The degree of crystallinity was lower for tBA‐grafted PVDF mats than that of neat PVDF. The PVDF‐g‐tBA showed an improvement in the ionic conductivity, electrochemical stability, interfacial resistance and cyclic performance. CONCLUSION: The tBA‐grafted PVDF microporous electrolytes are promising candidates for enhancing the performance of lithium‐ion polymer batteries. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

Preparation of poly(tert‐butyl acrylate)‐poly(acrylic acid) amphiphilic copolymers via radiation‐induced reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer mediated polymerization of tert‐butyl acrylate

Poly(tert‐butyl acrylate) (PtBA) is a versatile hydrophobic macromolecule usually preferred in the development of new materials for a host of applications. PtBA homopolymers with well‐defined structure and controlled molecular weight in a wide range were successfully synthesized via radiation‐induced reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization in the presence of a trithiocarbonate type RAFT agent. The polymerization of tBA was performed under ⁶⁰Co γ‐irradiation in the presence of 2‐(dodecylthiocarbonothioylthio)‐2‐methylpropionic acid (DDMAT) as the RAFT agent in toluene at room temperature with three [tBA]/[DDMAT] ratios (400, 600 and 1000) and different irradiation times. Radiation‐induced polymerization of tBA displayed controlled free radical polymerization characteristics: a narrow molecular weight distribution (M_w/M_n ~ 1.1), pseudo first order kinetics and controlled molecular weights. The system followed the RAFT polymerization mechanism even at very low amounts of RAFT agent ([tBA]/[DDMAT] = 1000), and molecular weights up to 113 900 with narrow dispersity (Ð =1.06) were obtained. PtBA was further hydrolysed into different amphiphilic PtBA‐co‐poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) copolymers by low (27.5%) and high (77.3%) degrees of hydrolysis. The pH sensitivity of the two copolymers was investigated by dynamic light scattering at pH 2 and pH 9 (above and below the pK_a value of PAA) and their hydrodynamic diameters and zeta potential values were determined. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry     

Specific interactions in poly(styrene‐co‐2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate)/poly(styrene‐co‐N,N‐dimethylacrylamide) systems

Amphiphilic copolymers of poly(styrene‐co‐2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate) (SHEA) and poly(styrene‐co‐N, N‐dimethylacrylamide) (SAD) of different compositions were prepared by free radical copolymerization and characterized by different techniques. Depending on the nature of the solvent and the densities of interacting species incorporated within the polystyrene matrices, novel materials as blends or interpolymer complexes with properties different from those of their constituents were elaborated when these copolymers are mixed together. The specific interpolymer interactions of hydrogen bonding type and the phase behavior of the elaborated materials were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infra red spectroscopy (FTIR). The specific interactions of hydrogen bonding type that occurred within the SHEA and within their blends with the SAD were evidenced by FTIR qualitatively by the appearance of a new band at 1626 cm^?1 and quantitatively using appropriate spectral curve fitting in the carbonyl and amide regions. The variation of the glass transition temperature with the blend composition behaved differently with the densities of interacting species. The thermal degradation behavior of the materials was studied by thermogravimetry. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Synthesis and biological activity of medium molecular weight polymers containing 3,6‐endo‐methylene‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydrophthalimidobutanoyl‐5‐fluorouracil

A new monomer, 3,6‐endo‐methylene‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydrophthalimidobutanoyl‐5‐fluorouracil (ETBFU), was synthesized by reaction of 3,6‐endo‐methylene‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydrophthalimidobutanoyl chloride and 5‐fluorouracil. The homopolymer of ETBFU and its copolymers with acrylic acid (AA) or vinyl acetate (VAc) were prepared by photopolymerization using 2,2‐dimethoxy‐2‐phenylacetophenone as an initiator at 25 °C. The synthesized ETBFU and its polymers were identified by FTIR, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectroscopies. The ETBFU content in poly(ETBFU‐co‐AA) and poly(ETBFU‐co‐VAc) was 43 and 14 mol%, respectively. The apparent number‐average molecular weight (M_n) of the polymers determined by GPC ranged from 8400 to 11 300. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the samples against mouse mammary carcinoma (FM3A), mouse leukaemia (P388), and human histiocytic lymphoma (U937) cancer cell lines decreased in the order 5‐FU ≥ ETBFU > poly(ETBFU) > poly(ETBFU‐co‐AA) > poly(ETBFU‐co‐VAc). The in vivo antitumour activity of the polymers against Balb/C mice bearing sarcoma 180 tumour cells was greater than that of 5‐fluorouracil at all doses tested. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

Synthesis of 2,4,6,8,10,12‐Hexanitro‐2,4,6,8,10,12‐hexaazaisowurtzitane Using Melaminium‐tris(hydrogensulfate) by a Simple One‐Pot Nitration Procedure

A highly efficient protocol for the synthesis of 2,4,6,8,10,12‐hexanitro‐2,4,6,8,10,12‐hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL‐20) in the presence of melaminium‐tris(hydrogen sulfate) as a solid acid is described.     

Polymerization of acrylonitrile catalyzed by single yttrium tris(2,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐methyl phenolate)

Polymerization of acrylonitrile was carried out using yttrium tris(2,6‐di‐tert‐butyl 4‐methyl‐phenolate) (Y(OAr)₃) as single component catalyst for the first time. The effects of concentrations of the monomer and catalyst, kinds of rare earth element and solvent, as well as temperature and polymerization time were investigated. The overall activation energy of polymerization in n‐hexane and THF mixture is 18.3 kJ mol^?1. Polyacrylonitriles (PANs) obtained by using Y(OAr)₃ in n‐hexane and THF mixture at 50 °C are predominantly atactic, while yellow PANs obtained in DMF under the same conditions have a syndiotactic‐rich configuration (>50%), and their highly branched and/or cyclized structures have also been found. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

Synthesis and biological activity of phthalimide‐based polymers containing 5‐fluorouracil

The attachment of anticancer agents to polymers is a promising approach towards reducing the toxic side‐effects and retaining the potent antitumour activity of these agents. A new tetrahydrophthalimido monomer containing 5‐fluorouracil (ETPFU) and its homopolymer and copolymers with acrylic acid (AA) and with vinyl acetate (VAc) have been synthesized and spectroscopically characterized. The ETPFU contents in poly(ETPFU‐co‐AA) and poly(ETPFU‐co‐VAc) obtained by elemental analysis were 21 mol% and 20 mol%, respectively. The average molecular weights of the polymers determined by gel permeation chromatography were as follows: M_n = 8900 g mol^?1, M_w = 13 300 g mol^?1, M_w/M_n = 1.5 for poly(ETPFU); M_n = 13 500 g mol^?1, M_w = 16 600 g mol^?1, M_w/M_n = 1.2 for poly(ETPFU‐co‐AA); M_n = 8300 g mol^?1, M_w = 11 600 g mol^?1, M_w/M_n = 1.4 poly(ETPFU‐co‐VAc). The in vitro cytotoxicity of the compounds against FM3A and U937 cancer cell lines increased in the following order: ETPFU > 5‐FU > poly(ETPFU) > poly(ETPFU‐co‐AA) > poly(ETPFU‐co‐VAc). The in vivo antitumour activities of all the polymers in Balb/C mice bearing the sarcoma 180 tumour cell line were greater than those of 5‐FU and monomer at the highest dose (800 mg kg^?1). © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

Synthesis and biological activity of medium range molecular weight polymers containing exo‐3,6‐epoxy‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydrophthalimidocaproic acid

A new monomer, exo‐3,6‐epoxy‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydrophthalimidocaproic acid (ETCA), was prepared by reaction of maleimidocaproic acid and furan. The homopolymer of ETCA and its copolymers with acrylic acid (AA) or with vinyl acetate (VAc) were obtained by photopolymerizations using 2,2‐dimethoxy‐2‐phenylacetophenone as an initiator at 25 °C. The synthesized ETCA and its polymers were identified by FTIR, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectroscopies. The apparent average molecular weights and polydispersity indices determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) were as follows: M_n = 9600 g mol^?1, M_w = 9800 g mol^?1, M_w/M_n = 1.1 for poly(ETCA); M_n = 14 300 g mol^?1, M_w = 16 200 g mol^?1, M_w/M_n = 1.2 for poly(ETCA‐co‐AA); M_n = 17 900 g mol^?1, M_w = 18 300 g mol^?1, M_w/M_n = 1.1 for poly(ETCA‐co‐VAc). The in vitro cytotoxicity of the synthesized compounds against mouse mammary carcinoma and human histiocytic lymphoma cancer cell lines decreased in the following order: 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) ≥ ETCA > polymers. The in vivo antitumour activity of the polymers against Balb/C mice bearing sarcoma 180 tumour cells was greater than that of 5‐FU at all doses tested. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

Influence of the comonomers (styrene and methyl acrylate) on the rate of photocrosslinking of 4‐{[‐3‐(4‐hydroxybenzylidene)‐2‐oxocyclohexylidene]methyl}‐ phenyl acrylate

[2,6‐Bis(4‐hydroxybenzylidene)cyclohexanone] (HBC) was prepared by reacting cyclohexanone and p‐hydroxybenzaldehyde in the presence of acid catalyst. Acrylated derivative of HBC, 4‐{[‐3‐(4‐hydroxybenzylidene)‐2‐oxocyclohexylidene]methyl}phenyl acrylate (HBA), was prepared by reacting HBC with acryloyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine. Copolymers of HBA with styrene (S) and methyl acrylate (MA) of different feed compositions were carried out by solution polymerization technique by using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) under nitrogen atmosphere. All monomers and polymers were characterized by using IR and NMR techniques. Reactivity ratios of the monomers present in the polymer chain were evolved by using Finnman–Ross (FR), Kelen–Tudos (KT), and extended Kelen–Tudos (ex‐KT) methods. Average values of reactivity were achieved by the following three methods: r₁ (S) = 2.36 ± 0.45 and r₂ (HBA) = 0.8 ± 0.31 for poly(S‐co‐HBA); r₁ = 1.62 ± 0.06 (MA); and r₂ = 0.12 ± 0.07 (HBA) for poly(MA‐co‐HBA). The photocrosslinking property of the polymers was done by using UV absorption spectroscopic technique. The rate of photocrosslinking was enhanced compared to that of the homopolymers, when the HBA was copolymerized with S and MA. Thermal stability and molecular weights (M_w and M_n) were determined for the polymer samples. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 2494–2503, 2004     

Poly(imide‐amide)s and poly(imide‐ester)s obtained from N,N′‐(4,4′‐Me,R‐diphthaloyl)‐bis‐glycine acid dichloride (R = Me,Et): Synthesis,characterization, and thermal studies

Poly(imide‐amide)s (PIAs) and poly(imide‐ester)s (PIEs) containing two Si‐atoms in the repeating unit were synthesized from acid dichlorides and diamines and diphenols, respectively. The acid dichlorides were obtained from the dianhydrides, which reacted first with glycine and then with thionyl chloride. The dianhydrides were obtained from the tetramethyl derivatives, which were oxidized to the tetra acids and then the dianhydrides were obtained with acetic anhydride. PIAs were obtained in N,N‐dimethylacetamide solution at low temperature and the PIEs in a CHCl₃ solution. Monomers and polymers were characterized by IR and 1H, 13C, and 29Si‐NMR spectroscopy and the results were in agreement with the proposed structures. The η_inh values were indicative of low molecular weight species and of oligomeric nature. The glass transition (T_g) and thermal decomposition temperatures (TDT) values of PIAs were higher than those of PIEs due to the presence of the aromatic rings of the diamine. The aliphatic groups bonded to the Si atom of the acid dichloride moiety promoted the decrease of the thermal stability. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010