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固体废物焚烧产生的飞灰属于危险废物,其中富含水溶性盐,而在新的《危险废物填埋污染控制标准》(GB 18598—2019)实施后,危险废物水溶性盐含量要求在10%以下,否则要进入刚性填埋场进行填埋,大大的增加了固体废物焚烧处置的成本。因此,以焚烧飞灰为研究对象,通过单因素实验分析了水固比、搅拌时间、搅拌温度、搅拌速率对飞灰水洗中可溶性盐溶出的影响。通过优化飞灰的水洗工艺,建立水洗参数与飞灰水洗后滤饼的水溶性盐含量的关系。结果表明,当水固比为4∶1(mL∶g)、水洗搅拌时间为3 min、搅拌温度为30℃、搅拌速率为1 200 r/min时,滤饼中的水溶性盐含量降低最为明显,为3.98%,可以进入柔性填埋场安全填埋。同时,飞灰经一级水洗后的质量和体积分别减少了约为52.48%和33.85%,明显达到了降本增效的目的。水洗液可经资源化利用后进入三效蒸发进行水盐分离,盐分进入刚性填埋场处置。 相似文献
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固体废物焚烧产生的灰渣时环境是一种二次污染物,其中,焚烧飞灰因其含有重金属及有毒有机污染物而被列为危险固体废物,因此在其最终处置前,必须进行稳定化处理.作者介绍了灰渣的污染特性,尤其是飞灰中所含重金属、有毒有机污染物的毒性及其各种评估方法,包括水平震荡法、浸出柱实验法、毒性浸出程序(TCLP),并综述了当前灰渣的控制技术方法和资源化利用手段,如水泥固化法、熔融固化法、化学药剂固化法. 相似文献
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Four kinds of agricultural wastes particles (XS: oilseed rape straw [OS], rice straw [RS], wheat straw [WS], and corn stover [CS]) were used to reinforce agricultural wastes liquefied polyol (P-XS) based polyurethane (PU) foam. Different XS loading dosages (0% ~ 15%) are investigated to confirm suitable filler concentrations for modifying foams. RS particles show great promoting ability, OS particles reveal complex influence, while WS and CS particles display mild effect on foaming process. With 1% of OS, 6% of RS, 3% of WS, or 1% of CS incorporating in matrix materials, the reinforced foam could keep applicable density, reach better physical and mechanical property, display more uniform cellular structure, and show higher thermal stability with more excellent water absorption ability. Using of agricultural wastes as polymer filler is economical, simple, environmental, and wide applicable for biomass utilization and biopolymer preparation. 相似文献
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This paper describes the effect of torrefaction on the basic characteristics of agricultural biomass wastes in Malaysia, such as empty fruit bunches (EFB), mesocarp fiber and kernel shell as a potential source of solid fuel. Mesocarp fiber and kernel shell exhibited excellent energy yield values higher than 95%. EFB, on the other hand, exhibited a rather poor yield of 56%. 相似文献
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Gasification process of wastes containing PVC 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Solid waste, in dealing with the growing presence of organic compounds, especially plastics, can be considered an important source of energy since they are inexpensive and easily obtainable materials. However, the presence of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in the waste can result in a recycling problem when thermal treatment is involved.This work shows the possibilities of recovering energy from waste containing PVC by a gasification process without additional dechlorination facilities.Experimental data obtained in a bench scale two-stage reactor indicate that the addition of Na2CO3 in a blend containing refuse-derived fuel (RDF) and PVC is efficient in eliminating chlorine from the produced off-gas. On the contrary, the less expensive calcium compounds do not show a satisfactory chlorine removal. A thermodynamic simulation of the process substantially leads to the same results.Starting from this study, the working conditions for gasifying waste blends containing PVC in a scaled-up two-stage reactor can be predicted. According to the simulation, the obtained syngas shows that the polluting compounds content is lower than the Italian law limit. As a consequence, it can be used directly to obtain electric power and/or local heating. 相似文献
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Translated from Steklo i Keramika, No. 1, pp. 20–21, January, 1994. 相似文献
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纤维素类废弃物生物转化技术研究进展 总被引:12,自引:1,他引:12
纤维素类可再生性资源的生物转化研究是国际上竞相开展的重大研究课题,山东大学微生物研究所选择已对环境造成危害的造纸厂纤维素类废渣为突破口,开展了深入研究,取得了一系列重要进展.在利用亚硫酸铵法制浆黑液和细小纤维生产纤维素酶,蒸汽爆碎的半纤维素水解流发酵生产单细胞蛋白,备料废渣固态发酵生产蛋白质增富饲料,细小纤维和淀粉原料共发酵生产酒精等技术研究中取得了不少有创新的突破性进展,部分技术已开始转入中试和实际应用,为全面开发利用农林加工废弃物资源打下了良好的基础. 相似文献