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纳米结构材料的模板合成方法 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
本文综述了以径迹蚀刻聚合物膜或多孔Al2O3膜为模板,结合电化学沉积、化学沉积、现场聚合、溶胶-凝胶法和化学气相沉积技术合成地电聚合物,金属、碳,无机半导体等纳米管状或线型材料的方法,同时还介绍了模板合成材料的应用前景。 相似文献
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以醇铝为原料,利用三种不同类型的模板剂对氧化铝的孔径进行调节,对各种模板剂的作用机理进行了初步探讨.研究结果表明:不同模板剂获得的介孔氧化铝的孔道结构基本一致,均为蠕虫状结构,模板剂的不同对介孔氧化铝孔径的影响较大,未加模板剂直接由溶胶-凝胶法获得的介孔氧化铝孔径分布较窄,孔径偏小;加入离子型模板剂能够形成孔径分布窄、孔径增大的介孔材料;加入非离子型模板剂则形成孔径更大,但孔径分布较宽的介孔氧化铝. 相似文献
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采用异丙醇铝为铝源,3.5代PAMAM为模板剂,通过油滴球过程合成了介孔γ-Al2O3微球.研究发现在所合成的氧化铝中,介孔相呈海绵状或蠕虫状随机分布的三维网络结构;其孔径主要分布在2~6nm之间,且合成的介孔氧化铝的比表面积可达340m2/g以上. 相似文献
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介孔氧化硅薄膜在膜分离、传感器件、异相催化、低介电常数微电子绝缘片的应用方面具有潜在应用价值。首先简要介绍了介孔薄膜的制备途径,然后重点综述了介孔氧化硅薄膜的研究进展。 相似文献
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This review summarizes the various techniques developed for fabricating nanotube arrays in porous anodic alumina membranes (AAMs). After a brief introduction to the fabrication process of AAMs, taking carbons, metals, semiconductors, organics, biomoleculars, and heterojunctions as typical examples, attention will be focused on the recently established methods to fabricate nanotubes in AAM, including electrochemical deposition, surface sol-gel, modified chemical vapor deposition, atomic layer deposition, and layer-by-layer growth. Every method is demonstrated by one or two reported results. Finally, this review is concluded with some perspectives on the research directions and focuses on the AAM-based nanotubes fields. 相似文献
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In this review, the progress made in the last ten years concerning the synthesis of porous carbon materials is summarized. Porous carbon materials with various pore sizes and pore structures have been synthesized using several different routes. Microporous activated carbons have been synthesized through the activation process. Ordered microporous carbon materials have been synthesized using zeolites as templates. Mesoporous carbons with a disordered pore structure have been synthesized using various methods, including catalytic activation using metal species, carbonization of polymer/polymer blends, carbonization of organic aerogels, and template synthesis using silica nanoparticles. Ordered mesoporous carbons with various pore structures have been synthesized using mesoporous silica materials such as MCM‐48, HMS, SBA‐15, MCF, and MSU‐X as templates. Ordered mesoporous carbons with graphitic pore walls have been synthesized using soft‐carbon sources that can be converted to highly ordered graphite at high temperature. Hierarchically ordered mesoporous carbon materials have been synthesized using various designed silica templates. Some of these mesoporous carbon materials have successfully been used as adsorbents for bulky pollutants, as electrodes for supercapacitors and fuel cells, and as hosts for enzyme immobilization. Ordered macroporous carbon materials have been synthesized using colloidal crystals as templates. One‐dimensional carbon nanostructured materials have been fabricated using anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) as a template. 相似文献
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多孔材料具有孔隙率高、比表面积大、导热系数低、体积密度小及化学性质稳定等优点,在吸附与分离、催化剂载体、隔热材料、能量储存、传感器等领域拥有广阔的应用前景。基于孔直径的大小可将多孔材料分为三类:孔径大于50nm的大孔材料(Macroporous materials),孔径介于2~50nm的介孔材料(Mesoporous materials)和孔径小于2nm的微孔材料(Microporous materials)。但是,由于孔径的限制,这三类材料的应用均存在一定的局限性。多级孔材料兼具通透性好、孔隙结构发达、体积密度小、比表面积和孔体积大等优点,打破了传统单级孔材料孔结构单一的局限,因此越来越受到研究人员的关注。然而,多级孔材料在制备中仍存在较多问题。例如,其合成过程通常会涉及到两种及两种以上的方法,制备工艺复杂;现有的多级孔材料的制备成本高,孔结构难以控制。因此,研究者们主要从优化多级孔材料的制备工艺以及降低生产成本等方面入手,制备出孔径均一且可控的多级孔材料。多级孔材料主要有大孔-介孔材料(Macro-mesoporous materials)、微孔-介孔材料(Micro-mesoporous materials)以及含有两种或多种不同孔径的介孔-介孔材料(Meso-mesoporous materials)。大孔-介孔材料常见的制备方法有模板法、发泡法、溶胶-凝胶法及熔盐法等;微孔-介孔材料的主要制备方法有化学活化法、模板法和水热法等;介孔-介孔材料的制备方法主要有水热法、模板法、溶胶-凝胶法及自组装法等。本文综述了近年来多级孔材料的最新研究进展,分别对大孔-介孔、微孔-介孔及介孔-介孔材料的制备方法进行了介绍,并简要分析了未来本领域研究的发展趋势。 相似文献
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