基体诱导法制备碳纳米管/云母复合导电粉

基体诱导法制备碳纳米管(CNT)/云母复合导电粉, 即用聚乙烯醇(PVA)或聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)对云母进行处理, 将处理后的云母与CNT分散液混合, 使CNT吸附在云母表面. 测试复合导电粉的体积电阻率(ρ)发现, CNT含量为1.0wt%时, CNT/云母的ρ为2.0×10⁴Ω·cm, 而用PVA修饰的云母制备CNT/云母, 体积电阻率达到86.6Ω·cm. 运用XPS、SEM对复合导电粉进行表征. 结果表明当云母表面经PVA修饰后, 能改善CNT在其表面的吸附和分散, 使CNT/云母的体积电阻率明显降低.     

Embrittlement Mechanisms of Nylon 66/Organoclay Nanocomposites Prepared by Melt-Compounding Process

Nylon 66 nanocomposites with different smectite clay loadings were prepared by conventional melt compounding process. The fracture toughness decreases with increasing clay content, which is a direct result of reduced plastic zone size at the crack tip region. The fracture mechanisms were studied using double-notched four-point-bending (DN-4PB) technique. A constraining effect from nanoclay fillers on plastic deformation of matrix is revealed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Micron-sized and submicron voids could be observed around the clay platelets. The voids coalesce and form premature cracks that promote crack propagation, thus reducing toughness.     

交联网状聚苯胺/多壁碳纳米管复合物的合成及电容性能

以樟脑磺酸为掺杂酸,过硫酸铵为引发剂,丁二酸二异辛酯磺酸钠为表面活性剂,通过简单的化学氧化法成功地制备出具有交联网状结构的聚苯胺(PANI),并通过原位聚合法获得了聚苯胺/多壁碳纳米管(PANI/MWCNT)复合物。形貌分析结果表明,交联结构的PANI成功地包覆在MWCNT表面。电容性能测试结果显示,当电流密度为0.5 A/g时,PANI/MWCNT复合物的比电容高达639.7 F/g,较纯PANI的比电容(498.7 F/g)有显著提高。在5.0 A/g的电流密度下,经1000次充放电循环后,PANI/MWCNT复合物的电容仍保持为初始值的77.2%,而纯PANI的电容保持率仅为65.1%,表明MWCNT的引入能够较好地改善PANI的电化学稳定性。     

聚吡咯／多壁碳纳米管的合成及电化学行为

在含有多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)的十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)溶液中电化学氧化吡咯(Py)制得聚吡咯/多壁碳纳米管(PPy/MWCNT)导电复合膜。研究了聚合温度、电流密度、吡咯浓度对PPy/MWC-NT复合膜沉积量的影响,采用交流阻抗谱(EIS)法研究了该导电复合膜的电化学行为,并用扫描电子显微镜对其表面形貌进行了观察。实验结果表明,随着温度的降低、电流密度及吡咯浓度的增大,复合膜沉积量变大。与纯PPy膜相比,PPy/MWCNT复合膜有更好的电子传递行为,而复合膜表面更加粗糙、疏松。     

原位聚合尼龙6／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的结晶行为

本文用原位聚合的方法制备了尼龙6／蒙脱土纳米复合材料,通过高速离心沉降实验和XRD表征了蒙脱土在复合材料中的剥离程度和分散状态;采用解偏振光强度法研究了复舍材料的等温结晶过程,并用偏光显微镜观察了其结晶形态;通过DSC研究了复舍材料的非等温结晶动力学,并用Kissinger法计算了复舍材料的结晶活化能。结果表明,蒙脱土在复合材料中完全剥离,以纳米片层的形式均匀分散在基体尼龙6中,蒙脱土的纳米片层对基体的结晶过程起异相成核作用;在蒙脱土的含量较低时,复合材料的结晶速率明显提高,但当蒙脱土的含量较高时,由于蒙脱土纳米片层对结晶生长的阻碍作用占主导地位,复舍材料的结晶速率有所下降,复合材料的结晶活化能也表现出类似的行为。     

碳纳米管的力学性能及聚合物/碳纳米管复合材料

综述了碳纳米管（CNTS）的制备方法、结构与力学性能的关系，介绍了近年来聚合物／碳纳米管复合材料的最新进展，对现有聚合物／碳纳米管复合材料的制备方法存在的主要问题进行了分析。     

碳纳米管/PVC复合材料的制备及表征

采用RAFT活性聚合方法在碳纳米管表面接枝上聚合物链。然后与PVC通过熔融共混方法复合制备了碳纳米管/PVC纳米复合材料。对复合材料的结构与拉伸强度进行了表征研究,表明接枝聚合物链的碳纳米管显著提高了PVC的拉伸强度。     

Processing of Functionalized and Pristine Carbon Nanotube Epoxy Composites with Silane-Treated Glass Fiber

In this work, an attempt has been made to study the bonding between the silane coupling agents and the glass fiber (GF) surface. The mechanical properties of the composites so obtained have been specifically analyzed. It has been experimentally found that epoxy silane (ES)-treated GF mat in a neat epoxy matrix showed considerable improvement compared to amino silane (AS)-treated GF. The effect of heat treatment on GF has also been looked into. Moreover, a new processing technique has been explored, which involves the use of amino functionalized nanotube (ACNT) and pristine nanotube (PCNT), homogeneously and uniformly dispersed in an epoxy matrix. Additionally, the effect of ES- and AS-treated GF in the presence of PCNTs and ACNTs has been studied and it has been found that AS shows strong interfacial adhesion in the ACNT matrix, whereas ES shows improved mechanical behavior in the PCNT matrix. The findings from this study have certainly helped us design improved fiber reinforced nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical properties suitable for marine structures.     

碳纳米管/聚甲醛复合材料的结晶形态与力学性能

在对碳纳米管(CNT)进行表面修饰后,采用活性自由基聚合法(ATRP)在其表面接枝聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)。再将接枝上聚合物的碳纳米管添加到聚甲醛中熔融共混制得碳纳米管/聚甲醛纳米复合材料。通过偏光显微镜观察其结晶形态,并研究了功能化碳纳米管的含量对聚甲醛缺口冲击强度的影响,结果表明,CNT-PMMA的加入使聚甲醛球晶细化,复合材料的缺口冲击强度得到提高。     

水热法制备纤维素基CdS纳米复合材料及其光催化性能研究

以棉花为纤维素基质,CdCl_2·21/2H_2O和L-半胱氨酸为原料,采用水热法制备了纤维素基CdS纳米复合材料。以亚甲基蓝(MB)为目标降解物,研究了反应时间和反应温度对该复合材料光催化性能的影响,通过XRD、SEM、FT-IR和UV-VisDRS对不同温度下制得的复合材料进行了结构表征。结果表明,反应温度为影响纤维素基CdS样品光催化活性的关键因素,且对样品中CdS的微观结构有显著影响。当反应温度为120℃时,样品的光催化活性最佳,反应50min对MB溶液的光降解率达到94.78%。经过3次循环其光降解率基本保持不变,表明纤维素基CdS是一种稳定有效的光催化剂。光催化增强机理分析表明,CdS光生电子迁移至纤维素表面,实现了与光生空穴的有效分离,从而增强了材料的光催化性能。     

原位聚合制备羧酸化多壁碳纳米管/聚酰亚胺纳米复合薄膜

以微波辅助液相氧化法制备羧酸化多壁碳纳米管,并以4,4’-二氨基二苯醚(ODA)、羧酸化多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs-COOH)与均苯四甲酸二酐(PMDA)为原料,原位聚合制备羧酸化多壁碳纳米管/聚酰亚胺纳米(PI/MWNTs-COOH)复合薄膜.通过拉曼光谱(Raman)、透射电镜(TEM),傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)...     

水热法制备炭球—活性炭复合材料

以商品活性炭和葡萄糖为原料, 采用水热合成方法, 在活性炭表面和孔内合成纳米炭球, 制得富含含氧官能团的炭球—活性炭复合材料. 通过低温液氮(N₂/77K)吸附测定了炭球—活性炭复合材料的比表面积和孔容、孔径分布. 以SEM观测材料表面形貌. 采用FTIR、XPS分析复合材料的表面官能团结构. 以水相中无机Cr(VI)的去除测试材料的吸附性能. 结果表明：葡萄糖水热处理后在活性炭表面生成炭球, 活性炭孔隙结构降低, 炭球尺寸和分布受葡萄糖溶液浓度影响较大, 活性炭表面生成以—OH为主的含氧官能团. 炭球—活性炭复合材料对Cr(VI)的单位质量和单位面积吸附容量最高分别为原料活性炭的近4倍和95倍.     

Thermal and Oxygen Barrier Properties of Chitosan Bionanocomposites by Reinforcement of Calcium Carbonate Nanopowder

Chitosan and calcium carbonate nanopowder（chitosan/CaCO3） bionanocomposites were prepared by solution method.Interaction between chitosan and CaCO3 was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR）.Structure and surface morphology of chitosan/CaCO3 bionanocomposites were investigated by X-ray diffraction（XRD） and field emission scanning electron microscopy（FESEM）,respectively.The energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy（EDS） of chitosan/CaCO3 bionanocomposites was studied in order to establish the elements of composition.Thermal stability of prepared bionanocomposites was studied by thermogravimetric analysis（TGA） and a substantial increase of thermal stability of virgin chitosan was noticed due to incorporation of CaCO3 nanopowder.The oxygen permeability was reduced by three times as compared to the raw chitosan due to the dispersion of nano CaCO3 filler.Biodegradability and resistance towards dilute acid and alkali of the prepared bionanocomposite were investigated.The bionanocomposite having gas barrier and thermal stable property may be suitable for packaging and biomedical applications.     

聚合物基复合材料制备中碳纳米管的分散方法

综述了碳纳米管／聚合物复合材料制备过程中碳纳米管预先分散所使用的方法。为实现碳纳米管在聚合物中的分散，首先要求加入的碳纳米管本身具备足够的分散度。碳纳米管的分散方法主要有：表面化学修饰、分散剂分散、超声分散、机械分散、溶剂分散。