桉树人工林施肥肥效影响因素初探

桉树是我国南方地区重要的工业树种,施肥极大促进了桉树人工林增产增收。桉树施肥肥效的影响因素主要包括土壤、肥料、植物三大因子,肥料本身的释肥规律、桉树对养分的吸收规律以及林地土壤的保肥释肥能力都会直接影响到肥效高低。通过对各因子当前研究进展进行深入剖析,应更加深入进行桉树林土壤、肥料和植物的养分释放及需求的相关协同机理研究,以此基础进一步开展桉树人工林配方施肥;同时加强长效缓释肥、桉树林专用多功能肥等新型肥料的研发、肥效试验等,进一步降低桉树肥施肥成本,提升肥效。     

西北沙区4种能源树种评价研究

运用开放式气体交换Li-6400便携式光合作用测定系统和热值测定仪对乌兰布和沙漠4种人工林能源树种进行了测试分析,研究了生物量、热能产出、净光合速率、蒸腾速率及水分利用效率特征.结果表明:4种植物均具有较高的生物量、平茬后再生能力强、热能产出高等特点.6年生植株生物量均在8 t/hm²以上,其中梭梭、沙棘、沙枣和沙拐枣分别为23、17、12和8.9t/hm²;单位面积热能产出:梭梭、沙棘、沙枣和沙拐枣分别为435、322、222和158 GJ/hm²;4种植物按单位面积生物量和热能产出指标综合排序:梭梭>沙棘>沙枣>沙拐枣;按水分利用效率排序:沙枣>梭梭>沙棘>沙拐枣.研究指出:选择沙生植物作为能源树种,除了考虑其生物量、热值指标外,还应注意植物在平茬后的再生能力及其水分生态生理特征.     

外事信息四则

(一)澳大利亚“中国桉树技术研究开发中心”可行性研究考察组成员澳大利亚木材利用和纸浆造纸专家菲利普斯博士和西蒙博士在我国南方各省考察后于1988年8月8日上午访问林化所,在参观了林化资源利用、木工胶粘剂、栲胶三个研究室后重点参观纸浆造纸和环境科学研究室。澳宾对该室多年来从事造纸厂废水处理、全树利用制浆造纸工艺和造纸树种材性和木材解剖等系统研究所取得的成果引起极大关注和兴趣。     

桉树林除草剂应用现状

为了解国内桉树林除草剂目前现状,展望发展趋势。调查了桉树林产业发展状况,重点调查了广东省桉树林栽培技术、杂草种类、除草剂品种、存在的问题。桉树是我国目前木材的主要树种,也是种植面积较大的速生人工林品种;除草剂以草甘膦为主要品种;产业中还存在着人工不足等问题。桉树林产业的发展已经由进入调整阶段,种植专业化、大型化成为发展的趋势;除草(施肥)专业服务队将会增多;对难除杂草的效果将是后期除草剂优劣的主要影响因素。     

中科院大连化学物理研究所科研成果介绍 甲醇制丙烯新技术(DMTP)

<正>负责人:刘中民电话:0411-84379618联络人:叶茂E-mail:maoye@dicp.ac.cn学科领域:能源化工项目阶段:成熟产品项目简介及应用领域丙烯是化学工业的重要基础原料,目前其生产斱式主要是对石油或其衍生品进行热裂解或者催化裂解。但是我国石油资源相对匮乏,随着社会经济的发展,原油需求量已远远大于国内生产量,供需矛盾日益突出。在我国能源结极中,煤占据主导地位。因此一条可行的途径是利用我国相对     

浅谈煤层气井固井存在及技术措施

煤层气是近20年世界上崛起的新型能源,也是最有希望开发和利用的清洁能源之一,近年来我国已经认识到煤层气是一种重要的能源,可以对其进行开发和利用,开发利用煤层气不但可以改善煤矿开采安全条件,提高经济效益,而且还可以补充我国常规天然气资源的不足。然而煤层气的开发和利用面临着诸多技术上的问题,本文对煤层气的固井技术做了简要的阐述。     

大连化学物理研究所科研成果介绍

<正>甲醇制丙烯新技术(DMTP)负责人:刘中民电话:0411-84379618联络人:叶茂Email:maoye@dicp.ac.cn学科领域:能源化工项目阶段:成熟产品项目简介及应用领域丙烯是化学工业的重要基础原料,目前其生产方式主要是对石油或其衍生品进行热裂解或者催化裂解。但是我国石油资源相对匮乏,随着社会经济的发展,原油需求量已远远大于国内生产量,供需矛盾日益突出。在我国能源结构中,煤占据主导地位。因此一条可行的途径是利用我国相对     

桉树叶的综合利用

桉树原产澳洲,又名油加利,在十九世纪后半期引进我国,目前作为一种速生用材树种,在南方、尤其两广各地大量栽培。它是世界上最有价值的阔叶材之一,叶又是提制桉树油的原料。近几年来对桉树综合利用的研究已取得一定的进展,试验证明它的全身都是宝。     

大连化学物理研究所科研成果介绍甲醇制丙烯新技术(DMTP)

<正>负责人:刘中民电话:0411-84379618联络人:叶茂Email:maoye@dicp.ac.cn学科领域:能源化工项目阶段:成熟产品项目简介及应用领域丙烯是化学工业的重要基础原料,目前其生产方式主要是对石油或其衍生品进行热裂解或者催化裂解。但是我国石油资源相对匮乏,随着社会经济的发展,原油需求量已远远大于国内生产量,供需矛盾日益突出。在我国能源结构中,煤占据主导地位。因此一条可行的途径是利用我国相对优势的煤资源,通过合成甲醇进一步制备丙烯等大宗化学品。这不仅实现了石     

福建生物质能源树种现状及其开发前景

从寻找矿质能源的替代原料,建立安全稳定的绿色油田以"绿金"取代"黑金"出发,探讨了"绿金"对我国的经济发展和国防安全具有重要的战略意义;同时从树种资源、气候环境、基础条件等方面,对福建省生物能源的树种现状进行了分析,并对其开发利用前景等方面进行了初步探讨.     

High-Frequency Energy–Assisted Vacuum Drying of Fresh Eucalyptus globulus

Worldwide, eucalyptus tree plantations have been established in appropriate climates because of fast growth and wood qualities suitable mainly for pulp. A potential exists of converting eucalyptus trees into lumber that may be of higher value than pulp. Conventional drying of lumber of Eucalyptus globulus is often difficult because of the occurrence of drying stresses, leading to collapse and checking. The special method of vacuum drying while heating the wood with high-frequency energy (75–77 mbar, 46–51°C) was used to obtain short drying times (5–13 days from green state to 10% final moisture content) and low crack amount.     

Determining the structure and stability of essential oil-sunflower wax and beeswax oleogels

In this study, essential oil oleogels were produced using eucalyptus, lavender, lemon peel and tea tree oils with sunflower and beeswax. The physicochemical, thermal, textural, and structural features of the oleogels were determined. For the essential oils used, an addition level of less than 15% of beeswax (BW) was insufficient to form stable oleogels, whereas an addition level of 10% of sunflower wax (SW) was sufficient to form stable oleogels. The acid and peroxide values of the gels were higher than those of the oils. All of the oleogels exhibited peaks around 3.70 and 4.10, indicating the presence of β' polymorphic forms. The hardness and stickiness values of the oleogels were influenced by the type and level of wax addition, as well as the viscosity of the oil used. Based on the thermal analysis results, the oleogels based on beeswax exhibited lower melting properties compared to those based on sunflower wax. The thermogravimetric data indicated that the polymeric matrices formed by the waxes, which depended on the type and level of wax addition, affected the vaporization of the volatiles. In conclusion, oleogels represent a green and sustainable approach for reducing the loss of volatile or bioactive compounds from various essential oils, which are widely used in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries.     

芳香疗法的由来、作用及其应用

本文介绍了芳香疗法的由来 ,精油对人体的生理、心理和药理作用。同时论述了薰衣草、香叶、桉叶、迷迭香、柠檬、柏木和椒样薄荷等七种精油的性能和实际应用     

Characterization of Aromatherapy Massage Oils Prepared from Virgin Coconut Oil and Some Essential Oils

The aim of this study was to characterize aromatherapy massage oils prepared from virgin coconut oil (VCO) and some essential oils. VCO extracted from fresh coconut endosperm by a centrifugation method, which was the most effective method to prepare VCO, was composed mainly of saturated fatty acids, in particular myristic acid. Three essential oils (lemon, eucalyptus and lavender oils) at concentrations of 1, 3 and 5% w/w were blended with the VCO to prepare massage oils. Physical and chemical properties as well as microbial analysis of the massage oils were assessed to evaluate quality characteristics of the preparations. Results showed that types and concentrations of essential oils used somewhat affected viscosity, refractive index and three chemical characteristics (acid, peroxide, and iodine values) associated with oxidative stability of the massage oils. Generally the rank order of acid, peroxide and iodine values of the freshly prepared massage oils appeared to be lemon oil > lavender oil > eucalyptus oil. The results of a accelerated storage stability study (45 °C, 4 months) clearly showed a dramatic increase in both acid and peroxide values of VCO and the blended massage oils compared to initial values, whereas the iodine values of these preparations decreased slightly. The plain VCO and the blended massage oils did not exhibit antimicrobial activity on the test microorganisms and were free from microbial contamination.     

云南省生物质能源树种产业化发展前景

生物质能源作为唯一的可再生能源,具有产量大、可储存、二氧化碳零排放等优点,为我国的能源紧张和环境治理提供了一条新途径.同时,发展生物质能源树种膏桐产业化也是解决"三农"问题的核心问题之一,即为农民增收开辟了一条新的途径.总之,云南省发展生物质能产业有利于经济持续发展、环境保护及其维持生态平衡.     

赤桉和本泌桉叶精油的化学成分研究

用水蒸气蒸馏法提取了赤桉叶和本泌桉叶精油,通过气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用法分析鉴定了二者的化学成分及质量分数。赤桉叶精油共鉴定出57种化合物,占总离子流出峰面积的94.81%,主要成分为w(1,8-桉叶油素)=50.17%,其后依次是w(α-蒎烯)=8.53%、w(蓝桉醇)=5.65%、w(乙酸松油酯)=3.69%、w(α-松油醇)=3.58%;本泌桉叶精油共鉴定出45种化合物,占总离子流出峰面积的90.93%,主要成分为w(α-蒎烯)=31.00%、w(蓝桉醇)=15.34%、w(香树烯)=13.80%和w(表蓝桉醇)=4.86%。     

Effect of some leaf essential oil phenotypes from coastal redwood on growth of its predominant endophytic fungus,Pleuroplaconema sp.

Experiments were performed to assess the effect of four foliar essential oil phenotypes from a coastal redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) population on isolates ofPleuroplaconema sp., its ubiquitous endophytic fungus. Isolates were exposed to essential oils extracted from their trees of origin and from other trees. The hypotheses tested were: (1) redwood leaf essential oils extracted from distinct trees would have a differential effect onPleuroplaconema sp. growth, and (2) growth of isolates from a particular tree would be differentially affected when exposed to essential oil phenotypes different from that of their tree of origin. The essential oil phenotypes were differentially inhibitory, but the pattern of inhibition did not support the second hypothesis.Pleuroplaconema sp. showed low average tolerance to all of the essential oils; two phenotypes reduced growth 70–80% and the other two 50–60% at the dose tested. The overall growth response of individual isolates to all treatments suggests that more than one fungus genotype per tree was represented in the experiment. The variability in tolerance of individual isolates to the essential oils was low for three phenotypes. The low tolerance ofPleuroplaconema sp. to redwood essential oils, in spite of its predominance and specialization in this conifer, is discussed considering: (1) the possible pathogenic ancestry of this fungus, and (2) that essential oil phenotypes may be important in controlling the activity ofPleuroplaconema sp. after it colonizes the leaf.     

对云南木本生物能源资源培育的初浅设想

讨论了国内外生物能源开发和利用的现状,分析了云南发展木本生物能源的可能性和潜力,提出木本生物能源资源培育多样化的问题,列出60多种可以利用和具有潜在利用价值的能源树种及其分布规律.作者认为云南木本生物能源资源培育应与热区开发、干热河谷的生态恢复相结合.而目前最紧迫的任务是进行资源调查,收集种质资源、建立资源圃,在此基础上开展试验示范.     

Rubber Seed Oil - The Untapped Potential Source in Karnataka,India

Rubber seeds constitute 25 to 30 per cent good fatty oil which is used as a major raw material in the manufacture of soaps. Karnataka with 7000 hectares of rubber plantation area and about 13 lakh trees is so far untapped for its seeds. It is expected to yield 660 tons of seeds during the current year and 1290 tons by 1984–85. The seeds collected from various rubber plantation divisions were extracted for oil and the oils were analysed for their fatty acid composition by gas liquid chromatography.     

Tree Nut Oils: Chemical Profiles,Extraction, Stability,and Quality Concerns

Tree nuts are globally consumed. Their kernels are calorie‐rich, nutrient‐dense foods and contain several bioactive and health‐promoting components. While some nut crops have expanded through the world since ancient times (almond, hazelnut, walnut), more recently, there has been a parallel development of underexploited promising species (Brazil nut, macadamia, pecan). Nut kernels have high lipid content, ranging from 40% to 80% depending on nut species and varieties. In general, nut oils contain significant proportions of nutritionally and medicinally desirable fatty acids and nutraceutical compounds (sterols, tocopherols, and other phenolics). A considerable genetic variability in oil content and composition is present in nut genetic resources worldwide. This suggests the possibility of different breeding lines focused to enhance oil yields, chemical and quality traits. Regarding extraction, screw‐pressing is suitable to achieve high oil recovery and good quality standards, but seed materials should be conditioned appropriately. Seed moisture content and pressing temperature appear as key variables to enhance oil recovery. This article presents an overview on chemical profiles, mechanical extraction, and quality concerns of oils from the most widely produced tree nut crops. The revision is also aimed at identifying areas where knowledge is insufficient and to set priorities for further research. Practical applications: The review updates and increases knowledge about oils from tree nut genetic resources, encompassing genetic variability and environmental effects on oil yield and compositional traits. It also analyzes findings regarding oil extraction and provides useful insights to establish better conditions for achieving sustainable oil yields and good quality standards.