面向异构多层多小区的多级服务质量跳频稀疏码分多址通信系统

该文主要解决未来大规模接入场景下,无线异构多层多小区通信网络设计及其多级服务质量(QoS)实现等问题。针对多层异构大规模接入网络的通信需求,该文提出一种基于跳频(FH)的稀疏码分多址接入(SCMA)多层异构传输方案(FH/SCMA)。该通信方案中,小区内大规模用户数据通过SCMA技术复用,异构网络的层间小区和层内小区通过跳频码分多址进行区分。由于传统跳频只能提供同一级别的频点碰撞率(即同一误码率),无法保证异构网络多级QoS需求,因此该文进而提出一类新的具有两级汉明相关值的跳频序列集合,利用交织技术给出了这类跳频序列的设计方法。为了验证所提出的多级QoS跳频及其异构多层FH/SCMA通信性能,该文从序列设计和系统分析方面进行了严谨的理论分析和大量的仿真验证。研究表明,采用了新型跳频SCMA技术的多层异构网络可保证大规模用户接入、有效抑制多层小区干扰和衰落信道影响;同时,又可实现异构多层网络多级QoS传输质量需求(多级误码率(BER))。该文的研究成果从信号处理与传输角度,为多层异构网络设计及其多级QoS传输需求提供了有价值的解决方案。     

OFDMA毫微微小区双层网络中基于分组的资源分配

毫微微小区(Femtocell)网络能够增强室内覆盖,提高系统容量,但是在频谱共享的正交频分多址(OFDMA)毫微微小区网络中,毫微微小区之间的同层干扰以及毫微微小区与宏小区(Macrocell)之间的跨层干扰严重限制了系统的性能。针对这两种干扰,该文提出一种基于分组的资源分配算法。该算法包括两部分:一部分是宏基站先利用改进的匈牙利算法为宏小区用户分配信道,再用注水算法分配功率,保证宏小区用户的正常传输;另一部分是在避免干扰宏小区用户的基础上,先采用模拟退火算法对毫微微小区进行分组,再进行信道和功率分配,满足毫微微小区用户的数据速率需求,最大化频谱效率。仿真结果表明,该算法有效地抑制了这两种干扰,既能保证用户的数据速率需求,又能有效提升网络频谱效率。     

具有两级互碰撞特性的新型跳频序列集构造

为实现无线通信网灵活的多级误码率传输保证,从跳频通信的物理层技术出发,提出了一类随机性较好且具有两级互碰撞特性的新型跳频序列集。基于传统汉明最优跳频序列和代数变换,给出了一类满足两级互碰撞特性的跳频序列集的构造算法,通过实例和仿真分析了该跳频序列集的频点碰撞特性。与传统跳频序列集相比,该类跳频序列可提供两级灵活的互碰撞值,为实现跳频多址接入系统两级误码率传输保证提供了基础。该序列具有明显的性能优势,在未来民用和战术跳频通信中具有广阔的应用前景。     

一种LTE多小区干扰环境下的信道估计方法

随着无线通信的发展,小区密度与频谱利用率不断增加,高频率复用度使得处于小区边缘的用户受到严重的来自邻小区的同频干扰。提出一种长期演进(LTE)多小区干扰环境下的信道估计算法,当服务小区与强干扰小区使用相同的导频位置,且两小区之间存在时偏与频偏时,联合估计服务小区与干扰小区的信道频域响应(CFR);根据导频位置、导频序列、时偏和频偏大小信息建模,通过求解方程组得到服务小区与强干扰小区的信道时域响应(CTR),对服务小区与强干扰小区CTR分别进行傅里叶变换得到CFR。仿真结果表明,在服务小区信干噪比(SINR)较小时,与传统信道估计算法相比,所提方法在归一化均方误差(NMSE)、误比特率(BER)性能上均有明显提升。     

扩频通信系统中的干扰抑制技术

对DS（直接序列）、FH（跳频）和TH（跳时）三种主扩频通信体制的干扰性能进行综合比较,分析研究了近几年来出现的新型干扰抑制技术,探讨了扩频通信在干扰抑制方面的潜力。     

跳频技术在GSM网络中的应用

跳频是指载波频率在很宽频带范围内按某种图案 (序列 )进行跳变。信息数据经信息调制成基带信号后 ,进入载波调制。载波频率受伪随机码发生器控制 ,在带宽远大于基带信号的频带内随机跳变 ,实现基带信号带宽扩展到发射信号使用的带宽的频谱扩展。可变频率合成器受伪随机序列 (跳频序列 )控制 ,使载波频率随跳频序列的序列值改变而改变 ,因此载波调制又被称为扩频调制。ＧＳＭ的无线接口使用了慢速跳频 ,其要点是按固定间隔改变一个信道使用的频率。系统使用慢速跳频 (ＳＦＨ) ,跳频速率为２１７次／ｓ,传输频率在一个突发脉冲传输期间保持一…     

无线扩频通信技术简述

在移动通信系统中,带宽是一个非常有限的资源。因此,移动通信系统中所有的调制和解调技术就是最小化传输带宽的设计。相反,扩频技术使用的带宽比要求传输的信号带宽大得多,尽管这种方法对单个用户来说,带宽效率很低,但是,扩展频谱的优点是很多用户可以在同一频带中通信,在存在多用户干扰的环境中,扩频系统有很高的频谱效率。     

基于多小区OFDMA网络的动态频谱分配算法

为了提高频谱效率,给二级认知用户提供更多的频谱接入机会,同时保证用户的服务质量(QoS),该文章基于传统的频率复用方法在多小区正交频分多址接入(OFDMA)系统的场景中提出了一种动态频谱分配(DSA)算法。该算法使得持有频谱执照者在认知无线电环境中在很大的区域内释放频谱给其他的二级市场,还建立了一个分配花费矩阵,使得小区间的干扰达到最小,保证了用户的服务质量(QoS)。与传统的频率复用方法相比,该算法有更好的频谱效率,并给二级市场的使用创造了更多的机会。     

DS/FH混合扩频通信系统双级同步技术研究

本文分析介绍了一种适用于直扩/跳频(DS/FH)混合扩频通信系统的双级同步技术。首先通过跳频捕获同步(即初级粗同步)实现跳频序列的粗同步,再利用相关检测、过采样点选择等技术实现直扩码片同步(即次级细同步),从而实现整个系统的精准同步。该双级同步技术可以大大缩短直扩伪随机序列同步时间,简化采样定时同步电路,稳定可靠。     

TD—LTE小区间干扰协调研究与分析

TD—LTE采用同频组网,大幅提高了频谱效率。为了保证小区边缘用户的OoS,必须降低网络内部的干扰。本文重点讨论了干扰协调技术中的静态干扰协调技术、半静态干扰协调技术,并对这些技术进行了横向的对比,分析了各自的优劣势。     

Quality of Service Aware Inter Carrier Interference Mitigation and Antenna Selection Schemes for Beyond 4G Systems

Future broadband wireless communication systems demand high quality of service (QoS) for anytime anywhere multimedia applications. The standards which use orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) coupled with multi input multi output (MIMO) are expected to rule the future wireless world. Time selective nature of the channel introduces inter carrier interference (ICI), which is the major performance limiting parameter in OFDM based systems. ICI causes loss in spectral efficiency and results in poor bit error rate (BER) performance, affecting the QoS of MIMO-OFDM systems. The conventional single input single output (SISO)-OFDM-flexible subcarrier spacing (FSS) system offers better performance than the fixed subcarrier spacing systems in terms of ICI mitigation. But BER and spectral efficiency performance of SISO-OFDM-FSS is not good enough to satisfy the requirements of future wireless broadband services. To improve the BER performance, SISO-OFDM system is replaced by space frequency block coded (SFBC)-OFDM system, which adds spatial and frequency diversity benefits to the conventional system. More number of antennas in the MIMO scheme increases the hardware cost, computational complexity and percentage of overhead. In the present study, to improve the spectral efficiency and to reduce the complexity and cost, optimal transmit antenna selection (OTAS) is combined with the SFBC-OFDM-FSS scheme. The simulation results prove that the proposed SFBC-OFDM-FSS-OTAS scheme offers better QoS than the conventional SISO-OFDM-FSS scheme.     

基于分组密码的跳频序列族构造

基于迭代型分组密码的理论体系,本文从工程实现的角度提出了一种用于跳频码分多址通信系统的新型跳频序列族构造方法.该算法基于密码学的加密机制,具有好的安全性和高的计算复杂度;算法的设计遵循了密码学的"混淆"和"扩散"准则,生成序列具有各项优异的性能指标.本文从安全性、随机性、均匀性、复杂度、组网特性及跳频间隔特性等各方面对产生的跳频序列进行了全面的理论分析,证明该算法具有理想的综合系统性能指标.在此基础上,利用VHDL语言设计并开发出相应的跳频加密芯片.经测试其性能稳定、运算速度快、输入方式灵活多样,已应用于实际的高速跳频通信系统中.     

信息驱动DS/FH通信系统性能分析

扩跳频通信技术以其良好的抗干扰能力广泛地应用于现代军事与民用通信中,但其频谱效率不够高。因此本文给出了一种信息驱动扩跳频(MD-DS/FH)通信系统模型,即在发射机中的跳频图案不再由传统的跳频码发生器驱动,而由所传输的部分信息数据来代替,并且接收机釆用包络检测器对载波频率进行盲检测。本文推导了AWGN与Rayleigh衰落信道下系统的误比特率公式,给出了闭合表达式,并通过仿真验证了理论推导的正确性。理论分析与仿真结果表明,所给通信系统在提高扩跳频通信系统频谱效率的同时,也提高了系统的误比特率和抗阻塞噪声干扰性能。      

Optimal frequency hopping sequences: a combinatorial approach

Frequency hopping multiple access (FHMA) spread-spectrum communication systems employing multiple frequency-shift keying (MFSK) as data modulation technique are investigated from a combinatorial approach. A correspondence between optimal frequency hopping (FH) sequences and partition-type difference packings is first established. By virtue of this correspondence, FHMA systems with a single optimal FH sequence each are constructed from various combinatorial structures such as affine geometries, cyclic designs, and difference families. Combinatorial recursive constructions are also presented. Many new infinite series of optimal FH sequences are thus obtained. These new FH sequences are also useful in ultra wideband (UWB) communication systems.     

Iterative multiuser detection for turbo-coded FHMA communications

An iterative receiver structure Is proposed for turbo-coded frequency-hop multiple access (FHMA) systems. In FHMA systems, the adjacent channel interference (ACI) is the major contributor of multiple access interference (MAI) if orthogonal hopping patterns are used. The ACI is a function of the tone spacings of the adjacent subchannels and the rolloff factor of the pulse-shaping filter. The calculation of the ACI for a square-root raised-cosine pulse-shaping filter in an FHMA system is presented in this paper. In addition, a low complexity iterative multiuser detector is developed to mitigate the degradation caused by ACI in the FHMA systems. The iterative receiver structure is based on a modified turbo decoding algorithm which makes use of the a posteriori log-likelihood ratio (LLR) information of the systematic bits to obtain the a posteriori information of the turbo-encoded parity bits. Iterations of the receiver/decoder are used as the mechanism to estimate and mitigate the MAI in the FHMA system. The properties of both soft and hard interference suppressors based on the modified turbo decoding algorithm are examined and an efficient recursive implementation is derived. Compared to maximum-likelihood multiuser detection, the proposed system is more practical and its complexity is only a linear function of the number of users. Simulation results show that the proposed iterative receiver structure offers significant performance gain in bandwidth efficiency and the required signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for a target bit-error rate (BER) over the noniterative receiver structure. Moreover, the single user performance can be achieved when imperfect power control exists     

LTE-A异构网络下的高效资源分配算法

分析了OFDMA上行系统中,由宏基站(macrocell)和家庭式基站(femtocell)组成的双层网络,并提出了高效的资源分配算法。为避免严重的跨层干扰导致双层网络中的资源分配不协调,提出了一个跨层干扰控制算法。在基于干扰控制算法的结果上,提出包括功率分配和频谱分配的资源分配算法,以满足UE的目标速率,并获得较好的吞吐量性能。通过仿真,结果显示所提的资源分配算法相比较传统的算法,尤其在UE QoS保证和吞吐量性能的体现上,能获得明显的性能增益。     

Residue number system assisted fast frequency-hopped synchronous ultra-wideband spread-spectrum multiple-access: a design alternative to impulse radio

Ultra-wideband (UWB) systems having a bandwidth on the order of gigahertz have received wide attention both in the US and in Europe. The family of UWB systems may communicate either, by generating ultra-wideband signals or with the aid of innovatively combining conventional narrowband, wideband, or broadband signals. At the time of writing, UWB systems have only been implemented using ultra-wideband signals, such as those known from impulse radio systems. Hence, in this paper, UWB systems using narrowband signals are explored as a design alternative, which are based on the well-known family of frequency-hopping (FH) spread-spectrum multiple-access techniques. In the proposed UWB system, FH is implemented using multistage frequency-hopping multiple access (MS/UWB FHMA). We highlight the principles of the synchronous MS/UWB FHMA communication system, investigate the associated spectrum assignment, and the residue number system (RNS) based FH strategy: detection of the received signal can be achieved with the aid of existing fast FH signal detection schemes. Our study shows that the RNS assisted FH strategy is capable of efficiently dividing the huge number of users supported by the synchronous MS/UWB FHMA system into a number of reduced-size user groups, where the multiuser interference only affects the users within the same group. Since the number of users in each group is only a small fraction of the total number of users supported by the synchronous MS/UWB FHMA system, advanced multiuser detection algorithms can be employed for achieving near-single-user performance at an acceptable complexity. Our results show that MS/UWB FHMA is capable of supporting an extremely high number of users, while employing relatively simple receivers.     

QoS-constrained opportunistic scheduling for sc-fdma with iterative multiuser detection

This letter proposes a quality-of-service (QoS) constrained opportunistic scheduling for a single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) scheme. The SC-FDMA scheme considered in this letter employs an iterative multiuser detection using frequency-domain equalization (IMDFDE), which allows several users to share a common set of subcarriers. In order to improve spectral efficiency and guarantee QoS of assigned users, the proposed method chooses users by iteratively performing user selection. At each user selection for a set of subcarriers, the scheduler takes into account multiuser interference from previously assigned users of corresponding subcarriers and QoS constraint. Simulation results show that the proposed method provides higher spectral efficiency compared with round-robin and max-SNR.