Influence of whispering gallery modes on light focusing by dielectric circular cylinder

In this paper diffraction of a plane monochromatic TE-wave on an ideal homogeneous dielectric cylinder with several resonant wavelength scale radii is analyzed. Two subsequent near-surface maxima of intensity (two focuses) generated at the cylinder output were found on the optical axis. The first subwavelength focus is formed by one of the whispering gallery mode lobes. Its intensity is 50 times the incident light intensity and its full width at the half maximum of the intensity is equal to 0.155 of the incident wavelength. The second focus is two times less in intensity. Its focal spot known as a photonic nanojet is stretched toward the optical axis. The second focus is formed at a distance about the wavelength from the cylinder surface. Its width is equal to 0.44 of the wavelength and its length is two wavelengths. The abilities of light focusing by a two-layered cylinder and influence of materials absorption on the light focusing are also examined by numerical simulation.     

Numerical simulation of the whispering gallery modes in prolate spheroids

In this paper, we discuss the progress in the numerical simulation of the so-called ‘whispering gallery’ modes (WGMs) occurring inside a prolate spheroidal cavity. These modes are mainly concentrated in a narrow domain along the equatorial line of a spheroid and they are famous because of their extremely high quality factor. The scalar Helmholtz equation provides a sufficient accuracy for WGM simulation and (in a contrary to its vector version) is separable in spheroidal coordinates. However, the numerical simulation of ‘whispering gallery’ phenomena is not straightforward. The separation of variables yields two spheroidal wave ordinary differential equations (ODEs), first only depending on the angular, second on the radial coordinate. Though separated, these equations remain coupled through the separation constant and the eigenfrequency, so that together with the boundary conditions they form a singular self-adjoint two-parameter Sturm–Liouville problem.     

Micro-optical probe model using integrated triple microring resonators for vertical depth identification

Microsystem Technologies - The nonlinear microring resonator system is designed and the triple vertically Panda rings arranged for 3D imaging probe generation. The required whispering gallery modes...     

On selecting a low-order model using the dominant mode concept

A technique for selecting a low-order system to approximate a high-order model has been suggested by Davison [2]. A critical component in this technique is the criterion used to select the most appropriate order and modes for the low-order approximation. Criteria have been discussed and analyzed by Mahapatra [5], [6], Rao, Lamba, and Rao [7], and Elrazaz and Sinha [3]. In this note we overcome deficiencies in the criteria that have been proposed and we introduce a new criterion which is rigorously justified. The criterion we suggest is also applicable when eigenvalues of the system are nonreal.     

Accurate reconstruction of 3D model of a human face using structured light

An automated system for the reconstruction of textured 3D models of human faces has been developed. 3D information is read using the structured lighting used in calibrated projector-camera system. The accuracy of 3D reconstruction is studied experimentally. De Wansa Wickramarante Viktor Klementovich. Born 1983. Graduated from the Moscow State Institute of Radioengineering, Electronics, and Automation (Technical University). Post graduate student of MSIREA. Scientific interests: pattern recognition, biometry, 3D scanners. Author of 5 papers. Awarded the 3 degree diploma at the All-Russian Conference MMRO-13; the incentive diploma at the International Conference ROAI-8-2007. Vladimir Vasilievich Ryazanov. Vladimir V. Ryazanov gratuated from the Moscow Institute of Physical Technology in 1973 and the post-graduate courses at the Computer Center, Academy of Sciences, USSR, in 1976. Received Ph.D. in 1977 (“Computer Science”) and Professor degree in 1994 (“Applications of Mathematical Methods, Mathematical Modeling and Computers in Scientific Investigations”). At the Dorodnicin Computer Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences since 1976. Head of the Situations Recognition Sector in the Department of Recognition Problems and Combinatorial Analysis. Author of approximately 150 papers. Scientific interests: data mining, mathematical models of pattern recognition, classification and forecasting, optimization of recognition and classification models, learning, synthesis of optimal collective solutions in the classification problem, creation of intelligent program systems for data analysis and recognition, and practical applications in technology, medicine, industry. Alexander Vinogradov. Born in 1951. Graduate from Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology in 1974. Kandidat degree in mathematical cybernetics, 1978. Spere of main interests—geometric and algebraic methods in data analysis and image processing. Author of about 50 scientific publications.     

Terrain surface classification with a control mode update rule using a 2D laser stripe-based structured light sensor

It is necessary for autonomous ground vehicles operating on outdoor terrains to identify and adapt to different terrains in order to improve their mobility and safety. This work presents a classification scheme to identify outdoor terrains and an update rule to reduce the possibility of implementing control modes based on classification inaccuracies. A laser stripe-based structured light sensor, which has a laser and infrared camera component, is used to sense terrains directly in front of the vehicle (). Use of this infrared vision system allows sensing at night, without external lighting, unlike many previous vision-based approaches that rely on stand-alone cameras. Also, unlike many previous results, the classification algorithm presented here does not rely on measures of color, which are subject to illumination and weather conditions. Instead, the method presented here relies on spatial relationships which are captured in two quantities: spatial frequency from range data and texture from camera data. The presented terrain classification scheme uses a probabilistic neural network classifier to exploit the spatial differences in four terrains: asphalt, grass, gravel and sand. This approach yields empirical results that report a greater than 97% classification accuracy when both spatial frequency and texture features are used. Color robustness and lighting robustness is then shown through additional experiments. Furthermore, instead of implementing control modes directly from the identified terrains, it is shown that the use of current and past terrain detections allows for the rejection of misclassifications with minimal effect on the rate at which a new control mode can be implemented.     

Electrostatic correction of structural imperfections present in a microring gyroscope

This paper describes a procedure for identifying mass and stiffness imperfections present in a microring gyroscope. In general mass and stiffness imperfections will be present as a result of fabrication variances and will contribute to mistuning of the gyroscope. Both mass and stiffness imperfections are treated as perturbations of the ideal isotropic mass and stiffness. The mass and stiffness perturbations are combined to form a structural imperfection, which is shown to be determinable from Nyquist plots of the frequency response functions. An analysis of electrostatic "tuning" is presented and demonstrates that the nonlinear negative spring component produced from a particular arrangement of capacitive electrodes is capable of removing such structural imperfections. If uncorrected the structural imperfections would otherwise result in anisoinertia and anisoelasticity. A comparison between the theoretically predicted tuning voltage and the experimentally derived value is made and shown to be in agreement. The major advantage of electrostatic tuning is that it may be implemented on-chip during operation thus providing active tuning. This is in contrast to the trimming techniques employing laser ablation or focussed ion beam, which may only be done prepackaging.     

Comment on "On selecting a low-order model using the dominant mode concept"

In the above-mentioned paper [1], the authors presented a criterion for selecting the order of a low-order system to approximate a high-order model. Their criterion is very similar to what has been presented before in [2] and [3]. The authors claimed that the extension to handle systems with complex eigenvalues [3] is incorrect. Also, they used examples to show the superiority of their criterion. In this comment, it will be demonstrated that their claims are not absolutely correct.     

减小金属筒形谐振子振型偏移角的方法

金属筒形谐振子的频率裂解、阻尼不均匀会使谐振子的振型发生偏移,导致激励和检测偏离波腹波节点,影响陀螺的输出零位、零偏稳定性等性能,因而减小谐振子的振型偏移角是提高金属筒形谐振陀螺性能的关键。在分析了谐振子加工误差对振型偏移角的影响的基础上,提出了基于前馈和反馈控制的振型偏移角的校正方法,并分析了其优缺点。实验结果表明:前馈控制方案使谐振子振型的偏移角减小0. 8°～0. 9°,反馈控制方案使偏移角减小0. 6°～0. 7°,为谐振子的修调和测控电路的设计提供了参考。     

EEG-based classification of emotions using empirical mode decomposition and autoregressive model

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Emotion can be classified based on 2-dimensional valence-arousal model which includes four categories of emotional states, such as high arousal high valence, low...     

Green logistic vehicle routing problem: Routing light delivery vehicles in urban areas using a neuro-fuzzy model

Today’s growth in the level of traffic in cities is leading to both congestion and environmental pollution (exhaust emissions and noise), as well as increased costs. Traffic congestion makes cities less pleasant places to live in, a particular problem being the negative impact on health as a result of increased exhaust emissions. In addition to these emissions, another major effect of transport which can lead to serious health problems is noise (EEA, 2013a, 2013b). There is a strong tendency in the world towards the development of “clean” motor vehicles that do not pollute the environment, that is, that do not emit harmful substances in their exhaust fumes and which create less noise without causing other types of pollution. The growth in the influence of transport on the environment has resulted in planners formulating procedures which take into account the effect of traffic on the quality of life in urban areas. This paper presents a model for the routing of light delivery vehicles by logistics operators. The model presented takes into account the fact that logistics operators have a limited number of environmentally friendly vehicles (EFV) available to them. When defining a route, EFV vehicles and environmentally unfriendly vehicles (EUV) are considered separately. For solving the problem of routing in the model, an adaptive neural network was used which was trained by a simulated annealing algorithm. An adaptive neural network was used for assessing the performance of the network branches. The input parameters of the neural network were the logistics operating costs and environmental parameters (exhaust emissions and noise) for the given vehicle route. Each of the input parameters of the neural network was thoroughly examined. The input parameters were broken down into elements which further describe the state of the environment, noise and logistics operating costs. After obtaining the performance of the network links for calculating the route for EFV and EUV vehicles a modified Clark–Wright algorithm was used. The proposed model was tested on a network which simulates the conditions in the very centre of Belgrade. All of the input parameters of the model were obtained on the basis of 40 automatic measuring stations for monitoring the air quality (SEA, 2012).     

Retraction Note: A selective excitation mode design for a wider high-to-low frequencies tunable capacitive MEMS resonator

Microsystem Technologies -     

双端谐振型SAW气体传感器的优化设计

针对FPOL敏感膜ST切石英基底双端谐振型SAW传感器的频率响应特性和敏感机理进行了理论分析.采用P矩阵级联方法与微扰理论,系统地讨论了影响传感器频率响应特性与探测灵敏度的因素.研究结果表明:在优化设计传感器器件结构的基础上,还需合理选择敏感区宽度、敏感膜材料特性及厚度,以提高探测灵敏度、降低插入损耗.给出了优化后的器件结构和敏感膜参数,可对双端谐振型SAW传感器的设计号性能分析提供重要参考.     

An improved model for predicting trip mode distribution using convolution deep learning

The Journal of Supercomputing - Trip mode selection is a behavioral characteristic of passengers with immense importance for travel demand analysis, transportation planning, and traffic management....     

A piezoelectric transducer‐tuned microstrip‐ring resonator oscillator operating at the second resonant mode of the ring resonator

A microstrip open‐loop resonator oscillator operating at even modes is proposed. The even mode of the ring circuit can be predicted by using a simple transmission‐line model. The new oscillator has a characteristic similar to that of a push‐push oscillator. In addition, in comparison with the push‐push oscillator, the new oscillator with one active device can minimize the size and lower the cost. A voltage‐controlled piezoelectric transducer (PET) is used to vary the resonant frequencies of the ring resonator, which in turn tunes the oscillator with a good tuning range of 4.9% at around 12.1 GHz. This tuned oscillator should have many applications in wireless systems. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2005.     

Analysis and optimization of a nonstationary mode in a probabilistic reserves control model

For a model with composite Poisson claim flow of variable intensity and with a discrete deterministic set of replenishment decision points situated on a finite time interval, we formulate and algorithmically solve the problem of optimal reserve management. We reduce this problem to a periodic problem in which all probabilistic and price characteristics are defined on the time semiaxis and are periodic with a given period. We give numerical examples.     

基子TD-SCDMA系统的单基站定位算法

TD-SCDMA系统采用智能天线技术使基站(Node B)能够很方便地获得移动终端(UE)的到达角度估计,即AOA(Angle Of Arrival).同时UE在建立上行同步和进行小区切换时,Node B可以通过UE提交的测量信息计算出Node B到UE的距离.在已知UE到Node B的距离和方向后,只需一个Node B就可以对UE进行定位.     

无线传感网络节点信号模型

无线传感网络是集成了嵌入系统、无线通信、分布计算、微传感器技术的新型网络。无线传感网络节点是构成WSN的基础。为了解无线传感网络节点的工作原理,描述无线传感网络节点的理论,通过分析无线传感网络节点的组成和信号处理过程,研究了无线传感网络节点的信号模型。并给出了基于Atmega128L处理器的无线传感网络节点实际模型。研究为无线传感网络节点的理论和实际应用提供了积极的意义。     

Adaptive cruise control of a HEV using sliding mode control

This paper presents adaptive cruise control of a hybrid electric vehicle. First, the mathematical model of the vehicle is formulated. Next, a classical controller is applied to the vehicle model. Swarm optimisation is implemented for self parameter tuning of the controller. The model is simulated and the result of the response to a variable speed is analysed. The results reveal that the controller is not a powerful means to manage the rapid transformation of the desire set point. Accordingly, a sliding mode controller is developed next. The performance of this controller is compared with the classical controller.