OFDM系统基于重复共轭对称序列的时频同步算法研究

针对基于共轭对称序列的OFDM同步算法的不足,设计了具有重复共轭对称并加权PN序列因子的新型同步训练序列,提出了一种适用于OFDM系统的时频同步联合估计算法。利用训练序列的重复共轭对称性和伪随机序列的相关性来完成定时同步。在定时同步的基础上利用去除PN序列后的重复共轭对称序列计算小数倍频偏估计。仿真结果显示,与已有算法相比,所提算法在定时方面可以有效消除Park算法的侧峰,在瑞利衰落信道下定时准确性较高,在AWGN环境下频偏估计性能也有明显的改善。     

一种基于训练序列实现OFDM时频同步的算法

针对OFDM系统性能对同步偏差的敏感性,在基于Park算法的基础上,提出了一种基于新训练序列结构的OFDM联合定时和频率同步算法.利用新序列共轭对称的结构特点在时域中通过相关运算完成定时同步,采用平均算法来完成频率偏移估计.仿真结果表明:改进的算法对符号定时同步和频率偏移的估计比Park算法更准确.     

叠加共轭对称训练序列的OFDM系统时频同步方法

针对正交频分复用(OFDM)系统对同步错误率和频率偏移敏感的问题,提出了一种叠加共轭对称训练序列的OFDM系统时间和频率同步方法。该同步方法将快速傅里叶逆变换(IFFT)调制后的序列构成具有共轭对称特性的训练序列,并叠加到OFDM数据符号上;在接收端,利用叠加训练序列和融合循环前缀信息来获取OFDM系统同步信息。理论分析和仿真表明:在信噪比为5 dB时,该同步算法定时同步正确概率已接近100%;在信噪比为4 dB时,频偏估计精度可以达到10-4;该同步算法不仅具有更好的同步性能,而且节省系统的有效带宽以及降低系统的计算法复杂度。     

基于门限判决的OFDM时间同步算法

在基于共轭对称序列前导的正交频分复用（OFDM）系统中,定时函数解决了峰值平台和重复共轭对称序列引入的副峰值问题。但由于循环前缀的存在以及共轭对称序列的特殊结构,定时函数仍存在另一个副峰值。为消除该副峰值的影响,采用了改进的定时度量函数以及区间门限判决捕获算法。理论分析以及在多径信道下的仿真表明,改进算法不受循环前缀长度的影响,时间同步准确率高于已有算法。     

一种适用于OFDM系统的定时同步算法

OFDM接收机需对突发信号实现快速准确的定时同步,而传统的定时同步算法易受大频偏和低信噪比的影响。文章提出了一种结合差分法和短前导整体互相关法的定时同步算法。其定时同步估计值在大频偏、低信噪比的条件下仍然具有很好的鲁棒性。十分适合于OFDM系统。     

卫星OFDM系统的同步算法研究

定时偏差和频率偏移会造成OFDM系统性能严重恶化,研究了卫星OFDM系统的同步技术,使OFDM能适应卫星信道低信噪比环境,实现天地一体化通信网络的融合。在分析了现有的卫星信道条件下OFDM符号定时同步算法和载波频率同步算法性能的基础上,根据CAZAC序列相关峰位置受定时偏差和频率偏移的影响,设计了一种新的训练序列,并依新训练序列提出了一种改进的同步算法。仿真结果表明,在卫星信道下该算法在低信噪比时依然具有较高的符号定时同步和载波频率同步性能,并且在时域信号中就可以实现同步,相比其他在频域中实现同步的算法减少了复杂度。     

一种基于加权CAZAC序列的OFDM系统同步方法

针对突发分组模式的OFDM传输系统,提出了一种基于加权CAZAC序列的OFDM系统同步方案,在时域实现了符号定时和频偏估计。仿真结果显示定时精确稳定,频偏估计范围大、均方差小,在低信噪比和量化后表现优异,减小了硬件设计的复杂性。     

一种低信噪比环境下的符号同步改进算法

针对OFDM符号同步基本算法在低信噪比条件下定时度量值低和干扰峰严重的缺点,提出了一种改进算法。该算法在基于训练序列符号同步的典型算法基础上,对训练序列的帧结构进行了改进,将共轭序列带入到帧结构中,同时改变了度量函数的计算方法。改进后的算法在低信噪比条件下有5 d B的性能提升,且具有计算量小、受信噪比影响小和实现简单等优点。仿真验证了改进算法在低信噪比环境下的有效性。     

一种改进的基于训练序列的OFDM符号同步算法

同步对于OFDM(正交频分复用)系统非常重要。针对S&C算法和Park算法定时模糊的问题,提出一种改进的符号同步算法。该算法先通过接收信号与训练序列进行互相关确定OFDM符号的可能起始位置,然后再滤波进一步确定OFDM符号准确的起始位置。仿真结果表明:改进算法的定时度量在低信噪比和多径衰落信道环境下都具有脉冲型峰值,较传统方法有较小的均方误差。     

一种改进的OFDM定时同步算法

OFDM系统是一种多载波通信系统,对同步误差非常敏感,同步不准确在很大程度上降低了系统性能。在SC算法、Minn和Park算法的基础上,提出一种基于训练序列的改进的OFDM同步算法。新算法在频域上使用SC算法的训练符号,并通过对训练符号在时域乘以特殊的伪随机序列来消除定时同步中的峰值平台问题,利用训练序列在频域良好的自相关性估计整数倍频偏。仿真结果表明,与传统算法相比,改进算法在同步位置具有很尖锐的峰值,同步性能更好,符号定时更精确,载波频偏估计也有所提高。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks