Phosphate removal,mechanism, and adsorption properties of Fe-Mn-Zn oxide trimetal alloy nanocomposite fabricated via co-precipitation method

ABSTRACT

Fe-Mn-Zn oxide trimetal alloy nanocomposite (FMZONC) fabricated and surface properties of the composite material revealed via several characterization methods. Porous nature and alloy type mixing of metals deduced from transmission electron microscopy analysis. Field emission scanning electron microscopy image revealed composite material is of size between 7 and 16 nm. The adsorption properties investigated through isotherm and kinetic experiments. In addition, pH effects and desorption properties were also studied. Maximum adsorption capacity (q max) 149 mg/g for phosphate removal observed at pH 6 and 0.20 g/L of adsorbent. Chemical interaction between metal hydroxide and phosphate elaborated from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).     

杭锦2#土复合材料的制备及对磷酸根吸附性能

以寻求廉价而高效的吸附材料为目的,研究了利用聚合硫酸铝改性杭锦2#土制备复合吸附剂的方法.用此吸附剂对生活废水中的磷酸根进行吸附,讨论了磷酸根浓度、溶液pH值、温度对吸附容量的影响.结果表明:增加初始磷浓度,去除率下降,吸附量和吸附平衡时间增加;溶液pH值为6-10时复合吸附剂对磷酸根的去除效果最好;吸附能力随温度的升...     

pH主导磷在磁铁矿-针铁矿混合相上的吸附

采用废弃贴式取暖物(商业名为热力贴)为原料制得一种吸附剂,通过静态批式实验考查了pH与吸附效果、zeta电位、离子强度等因素间的相互作用规律,探讨了不同pH下该吸附剂去除水中磷酸盐的机理。结果表明,该吸附剂的物相以磁铁矿-针铁矿混合相(magnetite-goethite mix phase,MGM)为主,其对水中磷酸盐的吸附等温线符合Langmuir方程。当温度为25℃,pH=2时,其饱和吸附量达12.57 mg·g^-1。研究还表明,磷在MGM上的吸附受溶液pH主导。pH较低时,内层络合,静电吸引,表面直接沉淀驱动磷的吸附;pH较高时,静电吸引渐变为静电排斥,内层络合减弱,不利于磷的吸附,而内层络合共吸附、表面间接沉淀促进了磷的吸附,但两者作用的综合结果表现为除磷效果下降。     

Development of Functional Adsorbent From Textile Cotton Waste by Radiation Induced Grafting Process: Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies of Acid Dye Adsorption

An environment benign-aqueous solvent based-single step-radiation induced grafting process was used to graft Poly(vinylbenzyltrimethyl ammonium) chloride (PVBT) onto cellulosic cotton textile waste to transform it into a valuable cationic adsorbent (PVBT-g-Cellulose). The PVBT-g-Cellulose adsorbent was characterized by grafting yield determination, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The PVBT-g-Cellulose adsorbent, investigated for the removal of model dyes from manufactured solutions, exhibited equilibrium adsorption capacities of ～540 mg/g, ～474 mg/g, and ～122 mg/g for acid blue 25(AB25), acid yellow 99(AY99), and acid blue 74(AB74), respectively. The degree of agreement between the adsorption isotherm models and experimental data followed the order: Langmuir-Freundlich>Redlich-Peterson>Langmuir>Freundlich. The kinetic adsorption data was found to be in close agreement with pseudo-second order kinetic model. The elution percentage of as high as ～95% could be achieved for AB25 using a suitable eluent.     

Simultaneous removal of total oxidizable carbon,phosphate and various metallic ions from H2O2 solution with amino-functionalized zirconia as adsorbents

Amino-functionalized zirconia was synthesized by the co-condensation method using zirconium butanol and 3-aminopropyltriethoxy silane for the simultaneous removal of various impurities from aqueous 30% H₂O₂ solution. The results of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Zeta potential showed that the content of N in amino-functionalized zirconia increased with the added amount of 3-aminopropyltriethoxy silane. Accordingly, the removal efficiency of total oxidizable carbon, phosphate and metallic ions from the H₂O₂ solution increased. The adsorbent with an N content of 1.62% exhibited superior adsorption performance. The removal efficiency of 82.7% for total oxidizable carbon, 34.2% for phosphate, 87.1% for Fe³⁺, 83.2% for Al³⁺, 55.1% for Ca²⁺ and 66.6% for Mg²⁺, with a total adsorption capacity of 119.6 mg·g^–1, could be achieved. The studies conducted using simulated solutions showed that the adsorption process of phosphate on amino-functionalized zirconia is endothermic and spontaneous, and the behaviors could be well described by the pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 186.7 mg·g^–1. The characterizations of the spent adsorbents by Zeta potential, FTIR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the adsorption mechanism of phosphate is predominantly electrostatic attraction by the protonated functional groups and complementary ligand exchange with zirconium hydroxyl groups.     

磷在涂铁浮石上的吸附性能

通过对天然浮石进行涂铁改性,研究了涂铁浮石吸附水溶液中磷的热力学和动力学. 结果表明,Langmuir等温吸附方程比Freundlich等温吸附方程更能准确地描述涂铁浮石对磷的吸附,粒径为0.63~1.2 mm的涂铁浮石,298 K时对磷的最大吸附量为0.245 mg/g. 准二级动力学模型比准一级动力学模型和颗粒内扩散模型更能准确地描述涂铁浮石吸附除磷的动力学过程. 通过计算不同温度下的热力学参数DG0, DH0和DS0,证实该吸附为自发的吸热过程. SEM和EDAX分析表明磷吸附在涂铁浮石表面上.     

Phosphate Removal from Aqueous Solution Using Coir-Pith Activated Carbon

The present study deals with the removal of phosphates from aqueous solution using activated carbon developed from coir pith. Batch adsorption experiments were performed to delineate the effect of initial pH, contact time, adsorbent dose and temperature on the removal of phosphates by coir-pith activated carbon (CAC) (activated by H₂SO₄). The removal was found to be maximum in the pH range of 6–10. The kinetics of adsorption showed that the phosphate adsorption onto CAC was a gradual process with a quasi-equilibrium being attained in 3 h. The adsorption equilibrium data followed the Temkin isotherm. Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG ^o , ΔH ^o , and ΔS ^o were evaluated by applying the Arrhenius and van't Hoff equations, and it was found that the adsorption of phosphate on CAC was spontaneous and endothermic.     

污泥生物炭制备及其对磷的吸附性能研究

以污水污泥、粉煤灰为原料,以质量分数为30%的氯化锌溶液为活化剂,在不同温度下煅烧制备污泥生物炭,用于处理含磷废水。通过单因素静态吸附实验探讨了污泥生物炭对磷的去除效果,并探究了其吸附机理。结果表明：300 ℃制备的污泥生物炭具有较好的除磷效果;扫描电镜（SEM）、比表面分析仪、傅里叶红外光谱仪（FT-IR）对原料和污泥生物炭表征结果显示,污泥生物炭煅烧前后的形貌及表面基团发生了显著改变,煅烧后样品的表面产生了较多微小空隙,比表面积增大,最高可达5.51 m²/g;在磷初始质量浓度为50 mg/L、吸附剂用量为16 g/L条件下,吸附在90 min达到平衡,磷的去除率高达93.73%;吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程及Freundlich等温吸附模型,最大饱和吸附量为9.615 mg/g;整个吸附过程ΔG⁰<0、ΔH⁰<0,是自发进行的放热过程;吸附过程除物理吸附外,同时涉及磷酸盐与吸附剂—OH或C—O共价键发生电子对配位作用,为物理-化学复合吸附;吸附剂第5次吸附为首次吸附量的85.74%,表现出较好的再生性能。     

Removal of iron from industrial lean methyldiethanolamine solvent by adsorption on sepiolite

Sepiolite clay was used as an adsorbent for the removal of iron ions from industrial methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) solvent. The raw sepiolite clay was modified by different chemical and thermal treatments, and was characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX, and BET-specific surface area analysis. Treating sepiolite with nitric acid significantly improved the adsorption capacity of iron ions from lean MDEA. The experimental equilibrium data were represented by Henry, Freundlich, and Langmuir isotherm models. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption of iron ions on sepiolite was spontaneous and endothermic process. The kinetic studies showed that the adsorption followed pseudo-second order model.     

Removal of Phosphate from Aqueous Solution Using Zeolite Synthesized from Fly Ash by Alkaline Fusion Followed by Hydrothermal Treatment

The removal of phosphate from aqueous solution by the adsorption process using zeolite synthesized from fly ash was investigated in this study. The XRD patterns revealed that the major crystalline phase of the synthesized zeolite was gismondine. The phosphate immobilization capacity (PIC) increased significantly from 52.7 mg/g of fly ash to 102.9 mg/g of synthesized zeolite after conversion. The batch experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of pH, initial phosphate concentration, and adsorbent amount. The maximum adsorption capacity was obtained at the pH value of 7.0. The adsorption process followed Ho' pseudo-second-order model, and both liquid film and intra-particle diffusion were the rate-controlling step for the process. The adsorption equilibrium data had been analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich, Radlich-Peterson, Koble-Corrigan, Tempkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and Generalized models. The results showed that the Langmuir model gave the best fit. The process was also found to be endothermic. The maximum phosphate adsorption capacity obtained was 132.02 mg/g (30°C), 156.36 mg/g (40°C) and 184.17 mg/g (50°C), respectively, suggesting that the synthesized zeolite is a promising material and can be used to remove phosphate from wastewater.     

Adsorption of Crystal Violet From Aqueous Solution by Citric Acid Modified Rice Straw: Equilibrium,Kinetics, and Thermodynamics

Rice straw, an abundant, lignocellulosic agricultural residue was thermochemically modified with citric acid to develop a biodegradable cationic adsorbent. The application potential of the prepared adsorbent to remove hazardous Crystal Violet dye from its aqueous solution was investigated. The morphological and chemical characteristics of the adsorbent were established by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), surface area, and porosity analysis by the BET (Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller) nitrogen adsorption method and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Batch adsorption studies were carried out as a function of solution pH, adsorbent dose, initial dye concentration, and temperature, in order to get insights into the effect of these independent parameters on the adsorption process. The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin–Radushkevich models were used to describe the equilibrium adsorption data. The sorption mechanism was also evaluated in terms of kinetics and thermodynamics. The adsorption equilibrium data was well described by the Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order rate kinetics. Thermodynamic study showed spontaneous and exothermic nature of the adsorption process.     

Facile preparation of magnetic chitosan modified with thiosemicarbazide for adsorption of copper ions from aqueous solution

In this study, magnetic chitosan modified with thiosemicarbazide (TSC‐Fe₃O₄/CTS) was facilely synthesized with glutaraldehyde as the crosslinker, and its application for removal of Cu(II) ions was investigated. The as‐prepared TSC‐Fe₃O₄/CTS was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that TSC‐Fe₃O₄/CTS has high adsorption capacity and selectivity towards Cu(II) ions. Adsorption experiments were carried out with different parameters such as pH, solution temperature, contact time and initial concentration of Cu(II) ions. The adsorption process was better described by the pseudo‐second‐order model. The sorption equilibrium data was fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm model and the maximum adsorption capacity toward Cu(II) ions was 256.62 mg/g. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption process of Cu(II) ions was exothermic spontaneous reaction. Moreover, this adsorbent showed excellent reusability and the adsorption property remained stable after five cycles. This adsorbent is believed to be one of the promising and favorable adsorbent for the removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 44528.     

碱性钙基膨润土对亚甲基蓝和刚果红的吸附去除

该文研究了碱性钙基膨润土(ACB)对水体中的亚甲基蓝(MB)和刚果红(CR)染料的吸附性能,考察了吸附剂用量、吸附时间及温度、pH及盐等因素对吸附效果的影响,同时进行了两种染料在碱性钙基膨润土上的吸附等温模型、吸附动力学模型研究。结果表明,ACB对MB、CR的脱色率随着吸附剂用量的增加而增加,在实验条件下,50 mg/L MB和100 mg/L CR的最佳吸附剂质量浓度分别为1.0 g/L和2.0 g/L;升高温度可以加快吸附速率,但对最终的脱色率影响很小;50 mg/L MB的吸附平衡时间在60 min左右,100 mg/L CR的吸附平衡时间在120 min左右;在pH=3～12时,ACB对MB的脱色率都稳定在99%左右,而适宜ACB吸附CR的pH=3～7,对CR的脱色率保持在90%左右;NaCl的加入对MB的吸附效果影响很小,对CR的吸附则有很强的抑制作用;ACB对MB的吸附同时符合Langmuir和Freundlich模型,而ACB对CR的吸附则更符合Langmuir模型;ACB对两种染料的吸附过程均符合准二级动力学模型,颗粒内扩散模型的拟合结果说明吸附过程存在颗粒内扩散作用。     

生物除磷颗粒污泥去除Pb2+的效能机制

以好氧颗粒污泥的吸附作用和磷酸盐对重金属的螯合作用为基础,采用富含磷酸盐的生物除磷颗粒污泥作为吸附剂来处理含铅废水,考察了不同吸附条件（pH、Pb²⁺的初始浓度、吸附反应时间）下,颗粒污泥对Pb²⁺的去除效果。结果表明,除磷颗粒污泥在pH为4,初始Pb²⁺浓度为150 mg·L^-1时,对铅的去除率最高（为99.9%）;在吸附反应20 min时即可达到吸附平衡。生物除磷颗粒污泥对Pb²⁺的吸附可以用Langmuir模型拟合（R²=0.993）,最大吸附量为49.5 mg·g^-1。其中离子交换和磷酸盐与Pb²⁺的螯合作用对除磷颗粒污泥去除Pb²⁺起到重要作用;傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）测定表明-COOH、-OH、磷酰基等多种官能团也参与了除磷颗粒污泥除Pb²⁺过程。     

乙酸膨润土对孔雀石绿的吸附去除

为提高膨润土对染料的吸附性能,制备了有机酸改性膨润土-乙酸膨润土(AAB).对AAB 进行了N₂-BET、FTIR 和XRD 表征分析,同时考察了影响乙酸膨润土(AAB)去除孔雀石绿(MG)的主要因素,并进行了吸附 动力学和吸附等温模型研究。研究结果表明,乙酸分子已成功负载在天然膨润土(RB)上,AAB 的比表面积为 45m2/g;层间距为1.721nm;在实验条件下,用0.4g/L 的吸附剂处理300mg/L 的MG,MG 的脱色率达到99%; pH 值为1～12 时,AAB 对MG 的脱色率均达到97%以上;低浓度的十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)能提高AAB 对MG 的去除率,而加入十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)会产生很强的抑制作用;AAB 对MG 的吸附符合 Langmuir 模型,Langmuir 吸附容量高达1250mg/g;MG 在AAB 上的吸附先是一个快速吸附阶段,然后逐渐到 达吸附平衡,符合准二级动力学模型。总之,AAB 环保无毒,在MG 去除方面具有用量低、适应pH 值范围广、吸附容量大和吸附快速的优势。     

Chemically Modified CaO/Fe3O4 Nanocomposite by Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate for Cr(III) Removal from Water

A CaO/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite was modified by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and used for Cr(III) removal from aqueous solution. The physical and surface characteristics of the adsorbent were studied by different analysis techniques. The effects of key parameters such as pH, contact time, temperature, initial concentration of Cr(III) ions, and adsorbent dose were investigated at a fixed mixing rate. Parameters were optimized to attain the best possible removal efficiency of Cr(III) ions. The maximum adsorption capacities obtained from the Langmuir model were determined. The results of equilibrium and kinetic studies indicate that the adsorption process follows the Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. The thermodynamic study demonstrated that the adsorption process was suitable, spontaneous, and exothermic.     

Swelling and auramine-<Emphasis Type="Italic">O</Emphasis> adsorption of carboxymethyl cellulose grafted poly(methyl methacrylate)/Cloisite 30B nanocomposite hydrogels

Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) grafted poly(methyl methacrylate)/Cloisite 30B nanocomposite hydrogels were prepared for adsorptive removal of auramine-O (as a cationic dye model) from wastewater. For the synthesis of nanocomposite hydrogel by free radical polymerization method, potassium persulfate (KPS), methyl methacrylate (MMA), N,N′-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) and Cloisite 30B were used as initiator, monomer, cross-linker and nano-filler, respectively. The nanocomposite hydrogels were characterized by FTIR, TGA, SEM and XRD techniques. The FTIR results showed that the monomer was grafted onto carboxymethyl cellulose chains successfully. Swelling behavior of nanocomposite hydrogel as a function of KPS, MBA, MMA concentration and CMC/Cloisite 30B weight ratio was studied by Taguchi method using Minitab 16 software. According to ANOVA results, the most effective factor of equilibrium swelling of nanocomposite hydrogel was CMC/Cloisite 30B weight ratio. Addition of Cloisite 30B to hydrogel up to a certain amount improved swelling, though its high amount decreased swelling. The effects of pH and ionic strength on swelling of optimum hydrogels were investigated. Maximum swelling of nanocomposite hydrogel occurred at pH 7.0. The kinetic data of adsorption fitted well to pseudo-second-order model. The best isotherm for investigation of adsorption mechanism was Langmuir model suggesting the formation of a monolayer on the adsorbent surface. FTIR results, before and after auramine-O adsorption, showed that complexation is the main mechanism of adsorption. High adsorption capacity of nanocomposite hydrogels made them more efficient in wastewater treatment application.     

Ability of iron(III)‐loaded carboxylated polyacrylamide‐grafted sawdust to remove phosphate ions from aqueous solution and fertilizer industry wastewater: Adsorption kinetics and isotherm studies

Iron(III)‐loaded carboxylated polyacrylamide‐grafted sawdust was investigated as an adsorbent for the removal of phosphate from water and wastewater. The carboxylated polyacrylamide‐grafted sawdust was prepared by graft copolymerization of acrylamide and N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide onto sawdust in the presence of an initiator, potassium peroxydisulfate. Iron(III) was strongly attached to the carboxylic acid moiety of the adsorbent. The adsorbent material exhibits a very high adsorption potential for phosphate ions. The coordinated unsaturated sites of the iron(III) complex of polymerized sawdust were considered to be the adsorption sites for phosphate ions, the predominating species being H₂PO ions. Maximum removal of 97.6 and 90.3% with 2 g L^?1 of the adsorbent was observed at pH 2.5 for an initial phosphate concentration of 100 and 250 μmol L^?1, respectively. The adsorption process follows second‐order kinetics. Adsorption rate constants as a function of concentration and temperature and kinetic parameters, such as ΔG^±, ΔH^±, and ΔS^±, were calculated to predict the nature of adsorption. The L‐type adsorption isotherm obtained in the sorbent indicated a favorable process and fitted the Langmuir equation model well. The adsorption capacity calculated by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm gave 3.03 × 10^?4 mol g^?1 of phosphate removal at 30°C and pH 2.5. The isosteric heat of adsorption was also determined at various surface loadings of the adsorbent. The adsorption efficiency toward phosphate removal was tested using industrial wastewater. Different reagents were tested for extracting phosphate ions from the spent adsorbent. About 98.2% of phosphate can be recovered from the adsorbent using 0.1M NaOH. Alkali regeneration was tried for several cycles with a view to recover the adsorbed phosphate and also to restore the adsorbent to its original state. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 2541–2553, 2002     

FeCl3和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵改性赤泥对水中铜离子的吸附性能和机理

含铜废水主要来自电镀、有色冶炼、有色金属矿山开采、染料生产等过程。因Cu(Ⅱ)具有高毒性和生物富集性,严重威胁生态环境和人类健康。利用浓盐酸、三氯化铁（FeCl₃）、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）依次对拜耳法赤泥（RM）进行处理、改性,制备出了一种去除率高、吸附量大、吸附效果好的重金属离子吸附剂。通过SEM、TEM、XRD、BET、元素分析、FTIR、热重分析等手段对其进行表征,并探究溶液pH、吸附剂投加量以及吸附温度等条件对水溶液中Cu(Ⅱ)吸附效果的影响。结果表明：酸浸赤泥（RM-HCl）比表面积比RM增大20倍,经过FeCl₃和CTAB改性后赤泥表面负载了大量羟基氧化铁（FeOOH）并且改善了吸附材料的表面性质,提高了吸附材料与Cu(Ⅱ)之间的亲和力和单层吸附能力。综合改性赤泥（FeCl₃/CTAB/RM）对铜的吸附时间在100min达到平衡,其最佳吸附pH为6、最佳吸附剂投加量为2g/L、饱和吸附量为221mg/g。吸附过程较好地符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir吸附等温模型,热力学数据说明该吸附是吸热、自发的过程。吸附机理主要是FeCl₃/CTAB/RM表面的羟基（Si-OH、α-FeOOH和β-FeOOH）以及掺杂的氯原子和表面活性剂,通过物理吸附（微胶束、静电引力）和化学吸附（离子交换、氢键）有效地去除Cu(Ⅱ)离子。     

Removal of Pb(II) from Aqueous Solution by Cross-linked Starch Phosphate Carbamate

The adsorption process of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution by water-insoluble starch phosphate carbamates was investigated. The influences of adsorption conditions, such as adsorption time, adsorbent dose, pH, content of the substituent groups, initial Pb(II) concentration, and temperature, were thoroughly studied. It was shown that an adsorption time of 20 min is sufficient to reach the adsorption equilibrium, the adsorption equilibrium data follow well the Langmuir isotherm model, and the adsorption of Pb(II) ions on cross-linked starch phosphate carbamate is endothermic in nature. For the cross-linked starch phosphate carbamate (CSPC3) with a phosphate group content of 3.10 mmol/g and a carbamate group content of 1.40 mmol/g, the maximum adsorption capacity evaluated from the Langmuir isotherm towards Pb(II) is 2.01 mmol/g. In addition, repeated adsorption/desorption cycles were performed to examine the reusability of adsorbents and the recovery efficiency of Pb(II) ions. The adsorption capacity of Pb(II) ions by CSPC3 decreased from 1.85 to 1.47 mmol/g for three cycles.