多种因素对MIL-101(Cr)选择性吸附水溶液中染料的影响

在多种条件下研究了金属有机框架MIL-101(Cr)对阳离子型染料(亚甲基蓝、罗丹明B)和阴离子型染料(甲基橙、酸性铬蓝K)的吸附性质,主要研究了MIL-101(Cr)对亚甲基蓝和甲基橙的选择性吸附作用。结果表明,中性环境下无论在单组分还是双组分体系中MIL-101(Cr)对阴离子型染料的吸附能力均大于对阳离子型的吸附能力。在pH=3,T=300 K的条件下,选择性系数β可达5.9,但随着pH的增加,选择性系数逐渐降低。相比之下,温度对吸附的选择性影响不大。选择性吸附的机理可以解释为:由于表面带正电荷,MIL-101(Cr)对阴离子型染料产生静电吸引作用;相反,对阳离子型染料的排斥作用而降低了其吸附能力。另外,乙二胺改性提高了MIL-101(Cr)对阴离子型染料的选择吸附性能,而草酸改性降低了选择吸附性。     

From pollutant to solution of wastewater pollution: Synthesis of activated carbon from textile sludge for dye adsorption

Adsorption is an important process in wastewater treatment,and conversion of waste materials to adsorbent offers a solution to high material cost related to the use of commercial activated carbon.This study investigated the adsorption behaviour of Reactive Black 5(RB5)and methylene blue(MB)onto activated carbon produced from textile sludge(TSAC).The activated carbon was synthesized through chemical activation of precursor followed with carbonization at 650°C under nitrogen flow.Effects of time(0–200 min),pH(2–10),temperature(25–60°C),initial dye concentration(0–200 mg·L~(-1)),and adsorbent dosage(0.01–0.15 g)on dye removal efficiency were investigated.Preliminary screening revealed that TSAC synthesized via H_2SO_4activation showed higher adsorption behaviour than TSAC activated by KCl and ZnCl_2.The adsorption capacity of TSAC was found to be 11.98 mg·g~(-1)(RB5)and 13.27 mg·g~(-1)(MB),and is dependent on adsorption time and initial dye concentration.The adsorption data for both dyes were well fitted to Freundlich isotherm model which explains the heterogeneous nature of TSAC surface.The dye adsorption obeyed pseudo-second order kinetic model,thus chemisorption was the controlling step.This study reveals potential of textile sludge in removal of dyes from aqueous solution,and further studies are required to establish the applicability of the synthesized adsorbent for the treatment of waste water containing toxic dyes from textile industry.     

Adsorption behavior of cationic dyes on citric acid esterifying wheat straw: kinetic and thermodynamic profile

The kinetic and thermodynamic behaviors of cationic dye adsorption onto citric acid esterifying wheat straw (EWS) from aqueous solution were investigated. Two cationic dyes, methylene blue (MB) and crystal violet (CV) were selected as adsorbates. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of dye adsorption were examined with a batch system by changing various experimental factors (e.g. initial pH, EWS dosage, dye concentration, contact time, temperature). The MB and CV removal ratios came up to the maximum value beyond pH 4. The 2.0 g/L or up of EWS could almost completely remove MB and CV from 250 mg/L of dye solution. The adsorption percentages of MB and CV kept above 95% over a range from 50 to 350 mg/L of dye concentration when 2.0 g/L of EWS was used. The isothermal data followed the Langmuir model. The adsorption processes could be described by the pseudosecond-order kinetic model. The dual linear plots of intraparticle diffusion indicated that two intraparticle diffusion steps occurred in the dye adsorption processes. The thermodynamic study indicated that the adsorptions of dyes were spontaneous and endothermic. High temperatures favored the adsorption processes.     

Removal of Selected Basic Dyes using Activated Carbon from Tannery Wastes

Activated carbon prepared from tannery leather waste (TLW-AC) has been studied for its efficiency of removal of basic dyes, namely rhodamine B (RB), methylene blue (MB), and malachite green (MG) from aqueous solutions. Factors influencing dye adsorption such as the concentration of dye, pH, contact time, and temperature were investigated. The adsorption was found to be strongly dependent on the pH and temperature. The maximum sorption capacity of RB was obtained at pH 3 and for MB and MG was obtained at pH 11. Various thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS° were calculated. The kinetic studies reveal that the adsorption process follows the pseudo second-order kinetic model. The equilibrium data have been well-described by the Langmuir and Freundlich models, and the data fitted well in both model equations. The study revealed that wastes from leather industry is an economically viable option for dye removal.     

Chitosan/polyaniline hybrid for the removal of cationic and anionic dyes from aqueous solutions

Nanostructured chitosan/polyaniline (CH/PANI) hybrid was synthesized via in situ polymerization of aniline in the presence of chitosan. The CH/PANI hybrid was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The CH/PANI hybrid had a nanofibrous structure with an average diameter of 70 nm. This hybrid was employed as an ecofriendly and efficient adsorbent with high adsorption capacity for the removal of Acid Green 25 (AG) and methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. AG and MB were used as anionic and cationic model dyes, respectively. The CH/PANI adsorbent showed high dependence on the pH of the medium with an excellent adsorption performance and regeneration manner. The kinetics and adsorption isotherms were studied. The CH/PANI hybrid follows the pseudo second-order adsorption kinetics and Temkin isotherm model for the adsorption of both AG and MB dyes. This assumes that the enthalpy of dyes molecules decreases with the adsorption on heterogeneous surface with various kinds of adsorption sites and as well as the ability to form multilayers of the dye. Also, intraparticle diffusion was found to play an important role in the adsorption mechanism. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 240.4 mg g⁻¹ of AG at pH 4 and 81.3 mg g⁻¹ of MB at pH 11. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47056.     

Synthesis of an ordered mesoporous carbon with graphitic characteristics and its application for dye adsorption

An ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) was prepared by a chemical vapor deposition technique using liquid petroleum gas (LPG) as the carbon source. During synthesis, LPG was effectively adsorbed in the ordered mesopores of SBA-15 silica and converted to a graphitic carbon at 800 °C. X-ray diffraction and nitrogen adsorption/desorption data and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) of the OMC confirmed its ordered mesoporous structure. The OMC was utilized as an adsorbent in the removal of dyes from aqueous solution. A commercial powder activated carbon (AC) was also investigated to obtain comparative data. The efficiency of the OMC for dye adsorption was tested using acidic dye acid orange 8 (AO8) and basic dyes methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RB). The results show that adsorption was affected by the molecular size of the dye, the textural properties of carbon adsorbent and surface-dye interactions. The adsorption capacities of the OMC for acid orange 8 (AO8), methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RB) were determined to be 222, 833, and 233 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption capacities of the AC for AO8, MB, and RB were determined to be 141, 313, and 185 mg/g, respectively. The OMC demonstrated to be an excellent adsorbent for the removal of MB from wastewater.     

Poly(methacrylic acid)‐modified chitosan for enhancement adsorption of water‐soluble cationic dyes

The preparation of poly(methacrylic acid)‐modified chitosan microspheres and its application for the removal of cationic dyes, methylene blue (MB) and malachite green (MG), in aqueous solution in a batch system were described. The modified chitosan was characterized using SEM, FTIR, and XPS analyses. The effects of the pH of the solution, contact time, and initial dye concentration were studied. The adsorption capacities of the microspheres for the two cationic dyes increased significantly after the modification because a large number of carboxyl groups were introduced. The equilibrium process was better described by the Langmuir than the Freundlich isotherm. According to the Langmuir equation, the maximum adsorption capacities were 1000.0 and 523.6 mg g^?1 for MB and MG, respectively. Kinetic studies showed better correlation coefficients for a pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model, confirming that the sorption rate was controlled by a chemisorption process. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution by adsorption onto zeolite synthesized from coal fly ash and its thermal regeneration

BACKGROUND: The removal of cationic dyes from wastewater is of great importance. Three zeolites synthesized from coal fly ashes (ZFAs) were investigated as adsorbents to remove methylene blue (MB), a cationic dye, from aqueous solutions. Experiments were conducted using the batch adsorption technique under different conditions of initial dye concentration, adsorbent dose, solution pH, and salt concentration. RESULTS: The adsorption isotherm data of MB on ZFAs were fitted well to the Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacities of MB by the three ZFAs, calculated using the Langmuir equation, ranged from 23.70 to 50.51 mg g^?1. The adsorption of MB by ZFA was essentially due to electrostatic forces. The measurement of zeta potential indicated that ZFA had a lower surface charge at alkaline pH, resulting in enhanced removal of MB with increasing pH. MB was highly competitive compared with Na⁺, leading to only a < 6% reduction in adsorption in the presence of NaCl up to 1.0 mol L^?1. Regeneration of used ZFA was achieved by thermal treatment. In this study, 90–105% adsorption capacity of fresh ZFA was recovered by heating at 450 °C for 2 h. CONCLUSION: The experimental results suggest that ZFA could be employed as an adsorbent in the removal of cationic dyes from wastewater, and the adsorptive ability of used ZFA can be recovered by thermal treatment. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

Adsorption of selected dyes on Ti3C2Tx MXene and Al-based metal-organic framework

MXene and metal organic framework (MOF) were used as the main adsorbents to remove synthetic dyes from model wastewater. Methylene blue (MB) and acid blue 80 (AB) were used as the model cationic and anionic synthetic dyes, respectively. To investigate the physicochemical properties of the adsorbents used, we carried out several characterizations using microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, a porosimetry, and a zeta potential analyzer. The surface area of MXene and MOF was 9 and 630 m² g⁻¹, respectively, and their respective isoelectric points were approximately pH 3 and 9. Thus, MXene and MOF exhibited high capacity for MB (~140 mg g⁻¹) and AB (~200 mg g⁻¹) adsorption, respectively due to their electrostatic attractions when the concentrations of the adsorbents and adsorbates were 25 and 10 mg L⁻¹. Furthermore, the MOF was able to capture the MB due mainly to hydrophobic interactions. In terms of the advantages of each adsorbent according to our experimental results, MXene exhibited fast kinetics and high selectivity. Meanwhile, the MOF had a high adsorption capacity for both MB and AB. The adsorption mechanisms of both adsorbents for the removal of MB and AB were clearly explained by the results of our analyses of solution pH, ionic strength, and the presence of divalent cation, anion, or humic acids, as well as other characterizations (i.e., Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy). According to our results, MOF and MXene can be used as economical treatments for wastewater containing organic pollutants regardless of charge (e.g., MB and AB), and positively charged one (e.g., MB), respectively.     

Extraction and recovery of rhodamine B,methyl violet and methylene blue from industrial wastewater using D2EHPA as an extractant

The extraction behavior of cationic dyes namely rhodamine B (RB), methyl violet (MV) and methylene blue (MB) from industrial wastewater has been investigated using di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) in hexane as a carrier. The extraction of cationic dyes increases with decreasing feed phase pH and increasing D2EHPA concentration in organic phase. The stripping percentage of dyes using acetic acid as the stripping agent from loaded D2EHPA was found to increase with increasing acid concentration. 98% stripping efficiency of dyes was achieved with 8.5 mol/L acetic acid solution at an organic:aqueous phase ratio (O/A) of 2:1. Parameters examined include D2EHPA concentration, effect of diluents, effect of pH, effect of initial dye concentration, equilibration time, and various stripping agents, aqueous to organic phase ratio in extraction and organic to aqueous phase ratio in stripping.     

Swelling Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Poly(Hydroxamic Acid) Hydrogels in Aqueous Thiazin Dye Solutions

In this study, swelling behavior of polyelectrolyte poly(hydroxamic acid) (PHA) hydrogels have been investigated in aqueous thiazin dye solutions. PHA hydrogels were prepared by free radical polymerizations of acrylamide with some cross-linkers such as N,N′ methylenebisacrylamide (NBisA) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA); then they were used in experiments on swelling and diffusion of some water-soluble cationic dyes such as methylene blue (MB), thionin (T), and toluidin blue (TB). Swelling experiments were performed in water at 25°C, gravimetrically. The equilibrium swelling percent (S%) values of PHA hydrogels were calculated as 238–2705%. Some swelling kinetic parameters such as initial swelling rate, swelling rate constant, and maximum (theoretical) swelling percent were found. Diffusional behavior of dye solutions was investigated. Dye diffusion into hydrogels was found to be non-Fickian in character. Diffusion exponent (n) is over 0.50. For sorption of thiazin cationic dyes, MB, T, and TB to PHA hydrogels were studied by batch sorption technique at 25°C. PHA hydrogels in the dye solutions showed the dark coloration. In the experiments of the adsorption, S-type adsorption in the Giles classification system was found.     

The removal of cationic dyes from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto pistachio hull waste

The efficacy of pistachio hull powder (PHP) prepared from agricultural waste was investigated in this study as a novel adsorbent for the elimination of dye molecules from contaminated streams. Removal of methylene blue (MB) as a cationic model dye by PHP from aqueous solution was studied under different experimental conditions. The selected parameters were solution pH (2–10), PHP dosage (0.5–3 g/L), MB concentrations (100–400 mg/L), contact time (1–70), and solution temperature (20–50 °C). The experimental results indicated that the maximum MB removal could be attained at a solution pH of 8. The dosage of PHP was also found to be an important variable influencing the MB removal percentage. The removal efficiency of MB improved from 94.6 to 99.7% at 70 min contact time when the MB concentration was decreased from 300 to 100 mg/L at a pH and PHP dosage of 8 and 1.5 g/L, respectively. The kinetic analysis showed that the pseudo-second-order model had the best fit to the experimental data. The Langmuir equation provided the best fit for the experimental data of the equilibrium adsorption of MB onto PHP at different temperatures. In addition, the maximum adsorption capacity increased from 389 to 602 mg/g when the temperature was increased from 20 to 50 °C. The thermodynamic evaluation of MB adsorption on PHP revealed that the adsorption phenomenon under the selected conditions was a spontaneous physical process. Accordingly, pistachio hull waste was shown to be a very efficient and low-cost adsorbent, and a promising alternative for eliminating dyes from industrial wastewaters.     

聚丙烯酸/聚丙烯酰胺/凹凸棒复合材料对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能

将聚(丙烯酸-co-丙烯酰胺)/凹凸棒复合吸附剂用于亚甲蓝的吸附,研究了时间、浓度、酸度、表面活性剂和离子强度等因素对吸附性能的影响。复合吸附剂对亚甲蓝的吸附是吸热过程,60℃时吸附量达到1 273.3 mg.g-1,吸附过程符合Langmuir单分子层吸附等温模式,并计算了热力学常数ΔG、ΔH和ΔS。在实验考察范围内吸附过程均符合准二级动力学特征。该复合吸附剂具有高吸附容量和较快的吸附速率,是良好的亚甲蓝吸附剂。     

The adsorptive properties of UiO-66 towards organic dyes: A record adsorption capacity for the anionic dye Alizarin Red S.

In order to decisively determine the adsorption selectivity of zirconium MOF(UiO-66) towards anionic versus cationic species, the adsorptive removal of the anionic dyes(Alizarin Red S.(ARS), Eosin(E), Fuchsin Acid(FA)and Methyl Orange(MO)) and the cationic dyes(Neutral Red(NR), Fuchsin Basic(FB), Methylene Blue(MB),and Safranine T(ST)) has been evaluated. The results clearly reveal a significant selectivity towards anionic dyes. Such an observation agrees with a plethora of reports of UiO-66 superior affinity towards other anionic species(Floride, PO_4~(3-), Diclofenac sodium, Methylchlorophenoxy-propionic acid, Phenols, CrO_4~(2-), SeO_3~(2-), and AsO_4~-). The adsorption process of ARS as an example has been optimized using the central composite design(CCD). The resultant statistical model indicates a crucial effect of both pH and sorbent mass. The optimum conditions were determined to be initial dye concentration 11.82 mg.L~(-1), adsorbent amount 0.0248 g, shaking time of 36 min and pH 2. The adsorption process proceeds via pseudo-second order kinetics(R~2= 0.999). The equilibrium data were fit to Langmuir and Tempkin models(R~2= 0.999 and 0.997 respectively). The results reveal an exceptional removal for the anionic dye(Alizarin Red S.) with a record adsorption capacity of400 mg·g~(-1). The significantly high adsorption capacity of UiO-66 towards ARS adds further evidence to the recently reported exceptional performance of MOFs in pollutants removal from water.     

Synergistic effect of La+Mo addition and optimum pH on the photocatalytic dye decomposition efficiency of spray pyrolyzed ZnO thin films

This work explores the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of lanthanum (La) and molybdenum (Mo) incorporated ZnO films deposited by nebulizer spray pyrolysis onto glass slides. The influence of La and (La + Mo) doping on certain physical properties was investigated. Photocatalytic behavior of the films was studied against methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB) dyes. The impacts of dye adsorption, point of zero charge, and dye solution pH on the catalytic activity of ZnO:La:Mo films were probed and compared with those of their counterparts ZnO and ZnO:La thin films. The obtained results demonstrated that ZnO:La:Mo photocatalyst exhibited greater efficiency, reaching 98% and 85% degradation after 60 min for the cationic and anionic dyes, respectively for optimum pH. The degradation reactions follow the first-order kinetics and the rate of degradation increases by adding La and (La + Mo) to ZnO. The ZnO:La:Mo thin film exhibits excellent recyclability and stability even after five runs. A possible photocatalytic mechanism has also been proposed.     

Removal of basic dyes from aqueous solution by low-cost adsorbent: Wood apple shell (Feronia acidissima)

The adsorption of two basic dyes, methylene blue (MB) and crystal violet (CV) on wood apple shell (WAS) were investigated using a batch adsorption technique. A series of experiments were undertaken in an agitated batch adsorber to assess the effect of the system variables such as solution pH, dye concentration and temperature. Removal of dyes was observed to be most effective at higher pH. Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models were applied to the equilibrium data. The results showed that Langmuir equation fits better than the Freundlich equation. It was observed that the WAS adsorbent showed higher adsorption capacity for crystal violet (130 mg/g) than methylene blue (95.2 mg/g). The FTIR studies indicate that the interaction of dye and WAS surface is via the nitrogen atoms of the adsorbate and oxygen groups of the adsorbent. The adsorption of dyes onto WAS proceeds according to a pseudo-second-order model. Thermodynamic parameters such as free energy (ΔG°), enthalpy (ΔH°) and entropy (ΔS°) were also calculated. The studies show that WAS, a lignocellulosic inexpensive material, can be an alternative to other expensive adsorbents used for dye removal in wastewater treatment.     

瓜子壳和花生壳吸附去除亚甲基蓝染料的影响研究

试验以农业固体废弃物花生壳、瓜子壳为生物吸附材料,以亚甲基蓝染料为吸附对象,考察不同条件(如吸附剂用量、溶液pH值和吸附时间等)对亚甲基兰染料吸附效果的影响,结果表明,吸附剂量为2.0 g时,瓜子壳和花生壳对染料的吸附效果较好,均能达到吸附平衡;染料溶液在弱酸或碱性条件下,有利于花生壳和瓜子壳对亚甲基蓝的吸附;花生壳和瓜子壳对亚甲基蓝的吸附均在30 min内达到饱和。而瓜子壳对溶液中亚甲基兰染料的吸附能力要高于花生壳的吸附能力,可作为含亚甲基兰染料印染废水的处理材料。     

Kinetics of adsorption of methylene blue and rhodamine 6G on acrylic acid‐based superabsorbents

Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) of acrylic acid, sodium acrylate, and acrylamide (AM), crosslinked with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, were synthesized by inverse suspension polymerization. The equilibrium swelling capacities of the SAPs were determined and these decreased with increasing AM content. The adsorption of the two cationic dyes, methylene blue and rhodamine 6G, on the dry as well as equilibrium swollen SAPs was investigated. The amount of the dye adsorbed at equilibrium per unit weight of the SAPs and the rate constants of adsorption were determined. The amount of the dye adsorbed at equilibrium by the SAPs decreased with increasing mol % of AM in the SAPs. The amount of the dye adsorbed at equilibrium was almost equal for the dry and equilibrium swollen SAPs. However, the equilibrium swollen SAPs adsorbed dyes at a higher rate than the dry SAPs. The higher rate of adsorption was attributed to the availability of all the anionic groups present in the fully elongated conformation of the SAPs in the equilibrium swollen state. The effect of initial dye concentration on the adsorption was also investigated and the adsorption was described by Langmuir adsorption isotherms. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Adsorption of Methylene Blue on Poly (Methacrylic Acid) Modified Chitosan and Photocatalytic Regeneration of the Adsorbent

The preparation of poly(methacrylic acid) modified chitosan microspheres (PMAA-GLA-CTS) and its application for the removal of cationic dye, methylene blue (MB), in aqueous solution in a batch system were described. The modified chitosan was characterized using FTIR and XPS analysis. The effects of the pH of the solution, contact time, and initial dye concentration were studied. The adsorption capacity of the microspheres for MB increased significantly after the modification as a large number of carboxyl groups were introduced. The equilibrium process was better described by the Langmuir rather than the Freundlich isotherm. According to the Langmuir equation, the maximum adsorption capacity was 1 g · g^?1 for MB. Kinetic studies showed better correlation coefficients for a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, confirming that the sorption rate was controlled by a chemisorption process. Photocatalytic regeneration of spent PMAA-GLA-CTS using UV/TiO₂ is effective. Further, the regenerated PMAA-GLA-CTS exhibits 90% efficiency for a subsequent adsorption cycle with MB aqueous solutions.