Removal of Copper(II) from Chloride Solutions using Hydrophobic Pyridyl Ketone Oximes

Abstract: The model oximes of 1‐(2‐pyridyl)undecane‐1‐one (2PC10), 1‐(2‐pyridyl)tridecane‐1‐one (2PC12) and 1‐(4‐pyridyl)tridecane‐1‐one (4PC12) were synthesized and used for copper(II) extraction from chloride solutions. The behavior of these ligands towards copper(II) extraction was investigated for different experimental conditions with a particular emphasis on the influence of the concentrations of copper ions, chloride ions, and ligand. The obtained results indicated the ability of pyridylketoximes to extract copper(II) from chloride solutions. 2‐Pyridyl ketone oximes are stronger extractants of copper than 4‐pyridyl ketone oximes. Copper can be effectively stripped by water or diluted sulfuric acid.     

用溶剂萃取法回收电镀废水中的铜和镍(英文)

The solvent extraction technology was applied to recover Cu2+ and Ni2+ from plating wastewater. Lix984N was chosen as the extractant due to its good extraction performance. The influence parameters were examined. The results show that the separation of Cu2+ and Ni2+ from sulphate medium can be realized by adjusting pH value with the help of Lix984N. For extracting Cu2+ and Ni2+, the optimal pH values are 4 and 10.5, and the maximal extraction percentages are 92.9% and 93.0%, respectively. With recovered Cu2...     

氯化钾和硫酸铵生产硫酸钾的工艺

提出以硫酸铵和氯化钾为原料,复分解制取农用硫酸钾的工艺条件及工艺流程,并探讨生产中设备选择及腐蚀问题。     

Extraction of Chloride Ions from Zinc-Bearing Waste Lixivium by Trioctyl Amine (TOA)

This paper presents research on separating Cl^? from zinc-bearing waste lixivium by using trioctylamine as an extractant, 2-octanol as a solvent, and sulfonated kerosene as a diluent. The effects of trioctylamine concentration, organic/aqueous phase ratio, extracting stages, and waste lixivium pH were investigated, and the process of stripping was also discussed. The optimal conditions were achieved. The extraction efficiency, separation factor, and stripping efficiency were calculated with optimal values of 99.47%, 595, and 99.99%, respectively. Besides, the extractant regenerated after stripping was observed without the emulsifying phenomenon. The mechanism of extraction and stripping was also discussed.     

Solvent Extraction of Uranium (VI) from Chloride Solutions using Cyphos IL-101

The solvent extraction of uranium (VI) from chloride solutions by Cyphos IL-101 in xylene has been studied. Distribution coefficients were found to increase with aqueous chloride concentration and extractant concentration. The enthalpy of extraction is endothermic with ΔH = +24 ± 2 kJ·mol^?1. Based upon slope analysis, an anion exchange extraction mechanism is proposed, with formation of a UO₂Cl₄ ^2- complex in association with 4 Cyphos IL-101 ligands. The extraction kinetics were fast, with complete equilibration occurring within 30 seconds. An isotherm for uranium extraction from 1.0 mol·L^?1 chloride solution by 0.1 mol·L^?1 Cyphos IL-101 in xylene shows that 45 mmol·L^?1 uranium can be loaded into the organic phase in equilibrium with 2.1 mmol·L^?1 in the aqueous phase. The absorption spectrum of the uranium loaded solvent between 350 and 550 nm is indicative of the UO₂Cl₄ ^2- complex with only chlorides present in the inner coordination sphere, unlike the more strongly hydrogen bonded Alamine 336 extracted uranium complex. Subject to the same experimental conditions, distribution coefficients for Cyphos IL-101 were significantly greater than for Alamine 336 or Aliquat 336.     

Removal of Copper (II) and Nickel (II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions by a Composite Chitosan Biosorbent

Abstract

A composite chitosan biosorbent (CCB) was prepared by coating chitosan on to ceramic alumina. The adsorption characteristics of the sorbent for copper and nickel ions were studied under batch equilibrium and dynamic flow conditions at pH 4.0. The equilibrium adsorption data were correlated with Langmuir, Freundlich, and Redlich‐Peterson models. The ultimate monolayer capacities, obtained from Langmuir isotherm, were 86.2 and 78.1 mg/g of chitosan for Cu(II) and Ni(II), respectively. In addition, dynamic column adsorption studies were conducted to obtain breakthrough curves. After the column was saturated with metal ions, it was regenerated with 0.1 M sodium hydroxide. The regenerated column was used for a second adsorption cycle.     

Removal of Cadmium(II) Ions from Chloride Solutions by Cyanex 301 and Cyanex 302

The main goal of this work was to study and compare the extraction of cadmium(II) ions by the two organophosphorous extractants: Cyanex 301 and Cyanex 302. The effect of different variables influencing the extraction of cadmium(II) ions such as the concentration of acid or metal ion and type of extractant has been investigated. Obtained results from the extraction process were compared with the FT-IR spectra. Results of spectrophotometric analysis confirm the observations of the extraction process, for example, the negative effect of hydrochloric acid on cadmium extraction by Cyanex 302.     

Solvent Extraction Studies for Separation of Zn(II) and Mn(II) from Spent Batteries Leach Solutions

This study aims at assessing the possibility of using solvent extraction processes for separating Zn(II) and Mn(II) dissolved in aqueous solutions obtained by acid bioleaching of spent alkaline and Zn-C batteries. In this context, Cyanex 272 and DEHPA were tested as extractant agents, and the former was shown to have better performance. Hence, the effect of four factors (equilibrium pH, extractant concentration, A/O ratio, and temperature) into three response variables (extraction efficiency of Zn, Y_Zn; extraction efficiency of Mn, Y_Mn; separation factor, β) were tested according to a full factorial design (2⁴) with two replicated center points. Our study revealed that Y_Zn depends mainly on the extractant concentration, Y_Mn on the equilibrium pH and β on the equilibrium pH, extractant concentration, and A/O ratio as well as on second and third order interactions. One extraction step is sufficient to reach high extraction of zinc in synthetic solutions, but two stages were required for real leaching liquor. The extraction kinetics is fast (less than 15 min) for both metals, even when real liquor was tested. The organic solvent can be efficiently recovered using a stripping solution of H₂SO₄ 1 M and thus the process can be considered environmentally sustainable.     

水性氯化物介质中对甲基苯烷基硫醚萃取钯的研究

p-Methylphenylalkylsulfide of various alkyl chain length as extractant were synthesized and the extraction of palladium was examined in terms of equilibrium and kinetics. Distribution ratio of Pd was independent of alkyl chain length. For aqueous chloride media, there was a significant difference in distribution ratios for the solution of NaCl and HCl. The results of loading test and the slope analysis suggest that the extractant and Pd (Ⅱ)form 2:1 complex. Furthermore, the extraction rate based on the volume of aqueous phase was obtained in a stirred vessel, and the rate equation was presented. Unfortunately, it was difficult to construct surfactant liquid membrane system by use of the present extractant.     

Extraction Behavior of Cu(II) Ion From Chloride Medium to the Hydrophobic Ionic Liquids Using 1,10-Phenanthroline

The study of liquid-liquid extraction of Cu(II) ion was carried out by using a series of hydrophobic ionic liquids; 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C₄mimPF₆]), 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophospahate ([C₆mimPF₆]), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bistrifluoromethylsulfonyl imide ([C₄mimNTf₂]) and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bistrifluoromethylsulfonyl imide ([C₆mimNTf₂]) as extraction phase. Cu(II) prefer to extract into [C₄mimPF₆] which is the less hydrophobic of ionic liquids. The extraction behavior of Cu(II) ion depends on the type of counterion and the extraction of Cu(II) ion in ionic liquid system proceeds via similar mechanism with a molecular organic solvent. From these results, it was proposed that the extraction of Cu complexes from chloride medium proceeds through ion pair mechanism.     

Ion Exchange Recovery of Rhodium (III) from Chloride Solutions by Selective Anion Exchangers

Abstract

The paper describes the results of a study of the recovery of rhodium (III) from chloride by sorption from strongly and weakly acidic solutions (2 M HCl and pH = 3) by macroreticular anion exchangers on the basis of methylacrylate and divinylsulfide as long-chained cross-linking agent. The initial concentration of Rh (III) in the contacting solution was 0.25–2.15 mmol/L, the process temperature was 20, 30, and 50°C. It was shown that polyfunctional anion exchanger ANS-80 has the best sorption characteristics and can be recommended for quantitative recovery of rhodium (III) at 50°C.     

Extraction of Gold (III) Ions from Aqueous Solutions Using Polyamine Type Surfactant Liquid Membrane

Experimental results of extraction of gold (III) ions from aqueous solutions by a polyamine type liquid membrane are presented. The effects of various parameters such as concentration of gold ions in the external phase, concentration of carrier, concentration of the internal phase reagents, pH of the external phase and the speed of agitation on the extraction rate were studied. The results show that by proper selection of the extraction conditions, nearly all of the Au (III) ions present in a highly concentrated feed solution was extracted within a few minutes.     

Electrochemical Removal of Copper Ions from Aqueous Solutions Using a Modulated Current Method

The use of porous electrodes to remove toxic metals from industrial effluents has been recognized over the years due to its high mass transfer rates resulting in high current efficiencies (CE) and low energy consumption (EC), even at very low metal concentrations. This work addresses the effects of flow velocity and electric current on current efficiency and energy consumption of copper electrodeposition using reticulated vitreous carbon, aiming to optimize the CE and EC by using a modulated current method. First, it was found that a flow velocity of 0.246 m s^?1 maximizes the mass transfer coefficient (k_m). Applying this flow velocity and a modulated current, the electrodeposition process was investigated and compared with that carried out under galvanostatic mode. The results showed that using a current control there is a reduction of average EC due to the improvement of the average CE, but the operational time also increases when compared to that obtained using the galvanostatic mode.     

有机胺萃取分离钾钠制备硫酸钾

以霓辉正长岩烧结物料的水浸滤液(经CO2酸化处理后)为研究对象,该溶液为简单的NaHCO3-KHCO3-H2O三元体系。在60℃等温蒸发结晶至溶液中质量比m(Na2CO3)/m(K2CO3)≈2时,按照V(有机相)/V(无机相)=3.5:1加入有机胺萃取体系,萃取体系是由V(三正丁胺)/V(正丁醇)=1:2.5均匀混合而成,利用钾、钠的碳酸氢盐在有机相-H2O混合液体系中的溶解度差异显著进行钾钠分离。在温度25℃、搅拌条件下以流速0.15 m3.h.1通入CO2 1.5 h,可分离出碳酸钠约99%,加入适量硫酸,即得硫酸钾。分析结果表明所得产品达到了国家农用硫酸钾的优等品标准。     

Selective Extraction of Precious Metal Ions with Novel Trident Molecules Containing Pyridyl Groups

Trident molecules containing pyridyl groups have been prepared for use as novel extraction reagents to investigate their physicochemical properties for dissolution into the aqueous phase and their ability, together with their corresponding monomeric analogues, to extract precious metal ions. Differences in their behavior were related to the pK _a values of the trident molecules and the position of the nitrogen atom in the pyridyl groups. The trident molecules exhibit the ability to selectively extract silver from mixtures of other precious metals. The extraction mechanism and the coordination site of the silver ion with a 2-pyridyl derivative were determined by slope analysis and peak shift of the ¹H-NMR spectra of the extraction reagent before and after silver loading.     

Ion-exchange Extraction of Palladium(II) from Chloride Solutions Using a Silica Gel-Immobilized Imidazolium Salt

ABSTRACT

Silica gel with covalently immobilized imidazolium group was obtained by click reaction and characterized by elemental analysis, thermogravimetry, as well as by IR and solid-state ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. The total exchange capacity of the obtained material was calculated to be 0.26 ± 0.02 mM/g. The nature of the salt background of KCl and HCl was shown to have effect on the distribution coefficients of Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Cd(II), and Pd(II) on modified silica gel. In the case of Pd(II) possessing a high distribution coefficient under selected steady-state ion-exchange conditions (0.1 M HCl), dynamic breakthrough curves were obtained for different levels of initial analyte concentration. The addition of equimolar amounts of Fe(III), Al(III), Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Zn(II) and a change in the total salinity level up to 35 g/L were shown to have no effect on the distribution coefficient of Pd(II) under dynamic ion exchange conditions.     

酸性镀铜液中氯离子的自动电位滴定

采用自动电位滴定法测定酸性镀铜液中的氯离子,研究了镀液中各种成分对测定的影响。实验结果表明,本法简便、快捷。分析结果准确可靠。