Pulse Chromatographic Studies of Adsorption of CO2, CH4, and N2 Using Amine Functionalized Polystyrene Adsorbents

Adsorption of CO₂, CH₄, and N₂ was investigated using pulse concentration chromatography on polystyrene functionalized by covalently attached diethanolamine, dimethylamine, imidazole, and N-methyl piperazine. The adsorption equilibrium constants at different temperatures were estimated by fitting the experimental chromatograms into a non-linear equilibrium dispersive chromatography model using gPROMS. Axial dispersion was found to be the controlling mechanism for dispersion of the chromatograms. The heat of adsorption and corresponding equilibrium selectivities were determined from the adsorption equilibrium constants. The imidazole based adsorbent showed the highest affinity for CO₂.     

CO2/CH4/N2在沸石13X-APG上的吸附平衡

采用磁悬浮热天平测量了CO₂、CH₄与N₂在沸石13X-APG上的吸附等温线,温度为293、303、333和363 K,压力为0～500 kPa。对吸附平衡实验数据采用multi-site Langmuir模型和Sips模型进行拟合,均得到良好的拟合效果,非线性回归得到吸附热等模型参数,可为变压吸附工艺过程的开发提供基础热力学数据。将沸石13X-APG吸附分离性能与文献中报道的吸附材料(如沸石分子筛、活性炭、金属有机骨架材料和介孔硅分子筛)性能相比较。通过比较CO₂、CH₄与N₂吸附容量以及相对分离系数,探讨CO₂/CH₄(垃圾填埋气或者CO₂强化煤层甲烷回收气)体系、CO₂/N₂(燃煤电厂、水泥厂以及焦炭厂烟道气)体系以及CH₄/N₂(煤层气)体系吸附分离的高效材料,为未来二氧化碳吸附捕集和甲烷吸附回收提供基础数据。     

Diffusivity of CO2, CH4, C2H6 and N2 in athabasca bitumen

Experimental data for the diffusivity of carbon dioxide, methane, ethane and nitrogen in Athabasca bitumen are presented in the range 25–90°C at 4 and 8 MPa. The diffusivity of these gases has been determined as a function of gas concentration in bitumen using a non‐intrusive experim?ental method. The diffusivity of gas in general is found to increase with temperature and pressure, and is a unimodal function of concentration. A correlation is provided for the average diffusivity of these gases as a function of temperature.     

四川盆地志留系页岩CH4和CO2吸附特征

页岩气是一种非常具有开发潜力的非常规天然气能源。选取四川宜宾地区志留系龙马溪组页岩,对总有机碳、黏土矿物含量和镜质体反射率等储层性质进行表征,通过场发射扫描电子显微镜和低温氮气吸附-解吸方法对页岩的孔隙结构进行分析。从孔隙结构表征发现,页岩中有大量的孔隙发育,并且大多数孔隙的尺寸在100 nm以下,微孔对总比表面积的贡献最大,中孔对孔体积做出了较大贡献。对页岩样品分别进行了CH₄和CO₂单组分气体的等温吸附实验,分析了影响页岩吸附气体能力的因素,考察了页岩样品CO₂/CH₄的选择性。结果表明,页岩对CO₂的吸附量要远大于对CH₄的吸附量;有机质含量TOC和孔隙结构对页岩的吸附有很大影响,呈正相关;温度越高,页岩对气体的吸附能力越差;单位压力变化对吸附的影响随着压力的增高而下降,逐渐趋于平缓;在竞争吸附中,页岩对CO₂有更高的选择性。     

炭分子筛CH4/N2吸附分离

煤层气(CBM)是一种非常规天然气。在中国,煤层气在抽采出来时常混有空气。考虑到安全因素,氧气首先应该被去除。之后,煤层气利用的最重要步骤则是甲烷-氮气混合气体的甲烷高效提浓。本文搭建了双床变压吸附(PSA)装置,选择特定的炭分子筛(CMS)进行CH₄/N₂混合物分离实验研究。由于CMS的动力学吸附特性,氮被吸附在CMS上,带有一定压力的甲烷则连续输出。研究了吸附压力、进气速度和循环周期等因素对吸附过程整体性能的影响。从50% CH₄/50% N₂的原料气可以获得95.45%纯度的甲烷产品,而从30% CH₄/70% N₂的原料气可以获得94.89%纯度的甲烷产品。研究表明,以上3个参数都对分离性能有影响,其中后两者的影响更大。在较低吸附压力和较低进气速度时更容易获得纯度90%以上的甲烷产品。另外,循环周期越短,获得的甲烷纯度越高。     

基于沸石ZSM-5的CH4/N2/CO2二元体系吸附平衡

采用Rubotherm磁悬浮天平测量CH₄、N₂和CO₂在沸石ZSM-5上的单组分吸附平衡等温线,温度273～353 K,压力0～500 kPa。采用Sips模型、Toth模型和MSL模型对单组分吸附平衡实验数据进行拟合,拟合结果良好,非线性回归得到相应的模型参数。测量双组分CO₂/N₂、CO₂/CH₄和CH₄/N₂在沸石ZSM-5上的竞争吸附平衡等温线,实验温度为293 K,实验压力为0～500 kPa。采用基于Sips模型的理想吸附溶液理论和双组分MSL模型预测双组分气体在沸石ZSM-5上的竞争吸附平衡等温线,并与实验结果进行比较,预测结果良好。比较CO₂/N₂、CO₂/CH₄以及CH₄/N₂体系在沸石ZSM-5上的竞争吸附选择性系数,探究沸石ZSM-5吸附分离烟道气（CO₂/N₂体系）、垃圾填埋气（CO₂/CH₄体系）或煤层气（CH₄/N₂体系）的可行性,为将来进行工艺设计提供基础数据。     

CO_2/CH_4分离膜研究进展

介绍ＣＯ２／ＣＨ４分离膜的开发背景及发展历史;ＣＯ２／ＣＨ４分离膜材料及相应的成膜技术,并提出ＣＯ２／ＣＨ４分离膜的发展方向。     

H2, CO2, and CH4 Adsorption Potential of Kerogen as a Function of Pressure,Temperature, and Maturity

We performed molecular dynamics simulation to elucidate the adsorption behavior of hydrogen (H₂), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and methane (CH₄) on four sub-models of type II kerogens (organic matter) of varying thermal maturities over a wide range of pressures (2.75 to 20 MPa) and temperatures (323 to 423 K). The adsorption capacity was directly correlated with pressure but indirectly correlated with temperature, regardless of the kerogen or gas type. The maximum adsorption capacity was 10.6 mmol/g for the CO₂, 7.5 mmol/g for CH₄, and 3.7 mmol/g for the H₂ in overmature kerogen at 20 MPa and 323 K. In all kerogens, adsorption followed the trend CO₂ > CH₄ > H₂ attributed to the larger molecular size of CO₂, which increased its affinity toward the kerogen. In addition, the adsorption capacity was directly associated with maturity and carbon content. This behavior can be attributed to a specific functional group, i.e., H, O, N, or S, and an increase in the effective pore volume, as both are correlated with organic matter maturity, which is directly proportional to the adsorption capacity. With the increase in carbon content from 40% to 80%, the adsorption capacity increased from 2.4 to 3.0 mmol/g for H₂, 7.7 to 9.5 mmol/g for CO₂, and 4.7 to 6.3 mmol/g for CH₄ at 15 MPa and 323 K. With the increase in micropores, the porosity increased, and thus II-D offered the maximum adsorption capacity and the minimum II-A kerogen. For example, at a fixed pressure (20 MPa) and temperature (373 K), the CO₂ adsorption capacity for type II-A kerogen was 7.3 mmol/g, while type II-D adsorbed 8.9 mmol/g at the same conditions. Kerogen porosity and the respective adsorption capacities of all gases followed the order II-D > II-C > II-B > II-A, suggesting a direct correlation between the adsorption capacity and kerogen porosity. These findings thus serve as a preliminary dataset on the gas adsorption affinity of the organic-rich shale reservoirs and have potential implications for CO₂ and H₂ storage in organic-rich formations.     

Adsorption of H2, CO2, CH4, CO,N2 and H2O in Activated Carbon and Zeolite for Hydrogen Production

Abstract

The design of a layered pressure swing adsorption unit to treat a specified off-gas stream is based on the properties of the adsorbent materials. In this work we provide adsorption equilibrium and kinetics of the pure gases in a SMR off-gas: H₂O, CO₂, CH₄, CO, N₂, and H₂ on two different adsorbents: activated carbon and zeolite. Data were measured gravimetrically at 303–343 K and 0–7 bar. Water adsorption was only measured in the activated carbon at 303 K and kinetics was evaluated by measuring a breakthrough curve with high relative humidity.     

有机胺功能化介孔固体吸附剂吸附分离CO2性能研究

针对当前固体胺CO₂吸附剂存在吸附容量小、循环稳定性差等问题,采用高比表面积、易嫁接胺的介孔SBA-15作为载体,研究分子筛模板剂脱除方法和有机胺改性方法对制备的固体吸附剂吸附性能的影响,并采用N₂物理吸附、X射线衍射、红外光谱、热失重分析等表征技术并对样品进行表征。实验结果表明,通过嫁接和浸渍能够合成出不同有机胺负载量的胺功能化吸附剂,其中混合胺嫁接法改性的APTES-SBA（U）-T60吸附剂其吸附容量最大,在75℃下的纯CO₂气氛中吸附量达到192.05 mg/g,优于溶剂萃取和煅烧法去除模板剂。此外,混合胺嫁接法制备的样品在多次的吸/脱附操作下,CO₂吸附稳定性良好,表明混合胺修饰的吸附剂具有很好的稳定性和再生性。     

吸附分离CH4/N2可行性研究

The separation between methane and nitrogen is an inevitable and important task in the C1 chemical technology and the utilization of methane from coalbed, yet it is considered to be one of the tough tasks in the field of separation. Pressure swing adsorption is a preferable technology if an adsorbent that allowing a large coefficient of separation for the CH4/N2 system is available. The separation coefficients between CH4 and N2 were obtained on analyzing the breakthrough curves measured experimentally with nine adsorbents. A technique of measuring the temperature-pulse was incorporated in the experiments, and the reliability of the result was improved. Superactivated carbon with large surface area and plenty of micropores was shown to have the largest separation coefficient and to be promising for the commercial utilization.     

Intensification of low-grade methane enrichment in nitrogen mixture by CH4/CO2 displacement

To solve the problem of CO₂ uncompleted desorption in the process of CO₂ displacement enhancing the adsorption separation of CH₄/N₂, a small amount of product gas CH₄ was used as purge gas to improve the CO₂ desorption. CH₄/CO₂ mixture gas obtained from desorption step was recycled as the displacement gas to enhance the enrichment of low-grade methane in nitrogen mixture. In this work, the research conducted the experiments for CH₄/N₂ separation using CH₄/CO₂ displacement intensification adsorption and the laboratory-made coconut shell activated carbon as sorbent. The mathematical models were built in gPROMS and the accuracy of models was verified by comparison of simulations and CH₄/N₂/CO₂ breakthrough experiments. The performance of enrichment of low-grade methane with displacement intensification using different displacer was compared. The result showed that the process with CH₄/CO₂ displacement had higher purity product than CO₂ displacement. The CH₄/ CO₂ mixed gas replacement enhanced vacuum pressure swing adsorption cycle experiment was carried out, which can jointly enrich 14% CH₄/ N₂ and 53% CH₄/CO₂ to 98.8%, and at the same time obtain a recovery rate of 77.8%.     

CH4/CO2混合气置换强化含氮低品质甲烷的浓缩

针对CO₂置换吸附分离CH₄/N₂过程中CO₂再生困难的问题,采用少量产品气CH₄真空吹扫以提高CO₂的解吸效果,并以解吸得到的CH₄/CO₂混合气为置换步骤的置换气,通过置换来强化含氮低品质甲烷的浓缩过程。以自制椰壳活性炭为吸附剂,对CH₄/CO₂混合气置换强化吸附回收含氮低品质甲烷工艺过程进行了实验与模拟研究。在gPROMS软件中建立并求解固定床吸附分离模型方程,预测了CH₄、N₂ 和CO₂在自制椰壳活性炭上的竞争吸附穿透曲线,通过预测结果和实验的对比,验证了数学模型方程的准确性。对比了不同置换气强化吸附分离低品质甲烷的效果,结果表明CH₄/CO₂混合气置换强化相对于CO₂置换强化可获得更高纯度产品。进行了CH₄/CO₂混合气置换强化真空变压吸附循环实验,可以将14%的CH₄/N₂和53%的CH₄/CO₂联合富集到98.8%,同时获得77.8%的回收率。     

压力对CH4/CO2重整制取合成气反应性能的影响

以Ni／CeO2-Al2O3为催化剂,考察了压力对CH4／CO2重整反应的影响。实验结果表明,提高反应压力不仅使甲烷和二氧化碳的转化率降低,并由于积炭的加剧致使催化剂的失活速度加快。提高原料气中CO2与CH4摩尔比,气体空速,反应温度可以提高催化剂稳定性,减缓催化剂的失活速度。向反应体系中加入消碳能力强的O2同样可以提高催化剂稳定性。     

注CO2+N2混合气改造-开采CH4水合物储层

盖层不封闭且胶结弱是海域天然气水合物储层开采面临的挑战之一。直接降压开采所得气水比低,还可能引发储层失稳。对此,一种基于水合物原理的储层改造方法被提出,即向水合物储层上方注入CO₂形成人工CO₂水合物盖层,从而构造出一个相对封闭的开采环境。在前期工作基础上,本文研究了注入CO₂+N₂混合气改造-开采CH₄水合物储层的可行性。研究结果表明注入混合气体能够形成渗透性低、稳定性好的CO₂水合物盖层,可以有效降低降压开采过程中的产水量及提高CH₄采收率。当注入的混合气中N₂比例较高时,过量的N₂对CH₄水合物的分解存在促进作用,但N₂随甲烷采出增加了后续的分离难度。当注入的混合气中CO₂的比例较高时,人工盖层阻水效果更强,但CO₂产出量也随之增加,且限制了CH₄采收率的进一步提高。后续研究需要进一步优化注-采工艺条件来提高开采效率和降低气体分离能耗。     

炭膜分离CO2/CH4混合气的分子模拟

针对炭膜分离CO₂/CH₄混合气体的过程,分别采用Materials Studio和Lammps软件进行分子模拟,建立与炭膜孔结构相近的Z字形孔模型,通过实验数据验证了模型的可靠性,通过对CO₂/CH₄纯组分及混合气体在膜孔内的吸附和扩散过程的模拟得到分离系数并探讨气体分离机理。综合吸附与扩散过程的模拟结果表明:适当的低温和较小的孔径有利于实现CO₂/CH₄混合气体的分离;随着温度的升高,CO₂/CH₄的分离系数减小,而且膜孔径对分离系数的排序为0.670nm>1.005nm>1.340nm;在温度为298K、膜孔径为0.670nm的操作条件下CO₂/CH₄的分离系数为20.1,与实验数据较吻合。研究结果可为优化炭膜制备提供指导,并为探讨分离过程机理提供依据。     

Ni-Mg-Al催化剂M2+/M3+比对CH4-CO2重整制合成气的影响

考察了Ni-Mg-Al催化剂中M²⁺/M³⁺比的不同对CH₄-CO₂重整制合成气反应性能的影响。在质量空速12000mL/(g_cat·h)、800℃条件下进行催化反应,并用X射线衍射、电子透射电镜等手段对催化剂进行了表征和分析。分析结果表明催化剂中单质与载体有很强的相互作用力并且在载体上均匀分布,同时反应过程中催化剂从单一的固溶体结构转变为固溶体-尖晶石共存结构,这有利于催化性能的提升。催化剂孔结构在反应前后也稳定存在,未发生坍塌。实验发现随着M²⁺/M³⁺比的不同,催化剂碱性强弱对其催化稳定性起着决定性作用,M²⁺/M³⁺比为3时,催化剂碱性最强,同时具有优良的抗积炭和抗烧结能力,是最佳M²⁺/M³⁺比。     

丙烯酰胺-马来酸酐共聚合物膜及其对CO2、CH4吸附性能研究

通过自由基聚合制备了丙烯酰胺(AM)和马来酸酐(MA)共聚合物.粘度法测定了聚合物的相对分子量,元素分析法和FTIR等分析表征了共聚物的化学结构,此外研究了共聚合物对CO2和CH4的溶胀吸附性能.在本实验条件下,共聚物的相对分子量、共聚物中两种单体的摩尔数之比m/n、对CO2的平衡吸附量等随聚合过程中单体配比AM/MA的增加而增大;共聚合物的相对分子量在7～17万之间,共聚物中两种单体的摩尔数之比在5～30之间,对CO2的平衡吸附量在45～70mg(CO2)· (g(干膜)) -1之间;而共聚物对CH4的平衡吸附量仅为4mg(CH4)·( g(干膜))-1左右,且不随单体配比AM/MA的增加而变化,这表明丙烯酰胺和马来酸酐共聚合物作为CO2/CH4分离用膜材料,具有较好的CO2优先选择吸附性能.     

吸附剂特性对CO2/CH4吸附分离的影响分析

用于CO2/CH4二元混合体系吸附分离的吸附剂种类较多,效果参差不齐,而吸附剂的各种特性是影响分离效果的主要原因。本文从吸附剂特性出发,总结了孔结构、可交换阳离子、表面化学以及吸附剂湿度4个因素对吸附分离效果的影响,并解释了造成各种影响的原因。得出结论：中孔有利于该二元体系的分离和胺基嫁接;在吸附剂骨架之外引入合适的可交换阳离子可促进吸附剂与CO2四极矩之间吸引力,提升分离效果;吸附剂的表面羟基也是影响胺基嫁接的重要因素;水分既有利于该体系的吸附分离,又可以促进胺基吸附剂再生。     

沸石分子筛对CO_2/CH_4混合气的分离效果研究

选取5A沸石分子筛作为脱碳吸附材料,考察了其对CO2及CH4单组份的吸附效果。结果表明,5A分子筛真空解吸在1 h 50 min即可达到解吸、脱碳、再生的目的,且经8次重复吸附-解吸后仍具有较高及较稳定的脱碳效率。将5A分子筛应用到沼气实际分离实验中,在沼气中n(CO2)∶n(CH4)=40∶60的条件下,经单塔处理可达0.17 m3/kg处理量,甲烷纯度可达97%以上,且连续处理速率为0.60 m3/(h·kg),该研究为今后的沼气分离工程提供了技术参数。