NaA型分子筛膜用于医药工业异丙醇溶媒渗透汽化脱水(英文)

NaA zeolite membranes with 80 cm in length and 12.8 mm in outer diameter were prepared by our research group cooperating with Nanjing Jiusi Hi-Tech Co., China. The influence of dissolved inorganic salts and pH value in the feed of isopropanol (IPA) solution on NaA zeolite membranes was investigated. It was found that both factors exhibited strong influence on the stability of NaA zeolite membranes. A set of pretreatment steps such as pH adjustment and distillation of the IPA solution were proposed to improve stability for pervaporation dehydration. An industrial-scale pervaporation facility with 52 m2 membrane area was built to dehydrate IPA solution from industrial cephalosporin production. The facility was continuously operated at 368-378 K to dehydrate IPA solution from water mass content of 15%-20% to less than 2% with a feed flow rate of 400-500 L·h-1 and an average water flux of 1-1.5 kg·m-2·h-1. The successful application of this facility suggested a promising application of NaA zeolite mem-brane for IPA recovery from pharmaceutical production.     

NaA型分子筛膜合成及应用进展

介绍了NaA型分子筛膜在合成及应用方面的研究进展,重点介绍了NaA型分子筛膜在渗透汽化分离方面的实际应用,展望了NaA型分子筛膜的应用前景。     

有支撑纯NaA和NaY沸石膜的合成

本文简要介绍有支撑纯NaA和NaY沸石膜的合成方法和结构分析结果.研究结果表明,通过对支撑体进行适当碱处理,用二次水热合成由适当组成的反应混合物可以在多孔陶瓷支撑体上合成堆积紧密的纯NaA和NaY沸石膜.     

铝硅酸溶液中NaA型沸石分子筛膜合成规律的研究

对支撑体预处理、制膜液碱度、晶化温度和晶化时间对NaA型沸石分子筛膜性能的影响进行了综合研究,得出较优的条件是;支撑体采用去离子水浸泡,在90℃条件下晶化5小时,制膜液摩尔组成为Na2O:SiO2:Al2O3:H2O=8:1:0.2:200.SEM表明所合成的NaA型沸石分子筛在支撑体表面紧密排列形成膜层,膜厚约为3μm;NaA型沸石分子筛膜的氢气和氮气的渗透系数几乎不随平均压力变化而改变,其理想分离系数约为5,高于Knudsen扩散值,表明所合成的NaA型沸石分子筛膜具有一定的分子筛分效应.     

支撑体材料对NaA型沸石分子筛膜形成的影响

采用水热合成法制备NaA型沸石分子筛膜,实验比较了α-AI2O3、ZrO2及TiO2三种支撑体对NaA型沸石分子筛膜形成的影响。XRD测定所合成的沸石分子筛膜是NaA型。SEM和渗透实验结果表明,沸石分子筛膜的性能与支撑体有关,TiO2优于ZrO2和α-AI2O3。TiO2支撑体上合成沸石分子筛膜的H2、N2渗透系数大小基本与膜两侧平均压力无关,理想分离系数约为8,高于Kundsen扩散分离因子3．74,表现有一定的分子筛分效应。     

Investigation on the Synthesis of Zeolite NaX from Kerala Kaolin

The synthesis of zeolite NaX from a locally available kaolin has been studied. Two steps are involved in the reaction (1) thermal activation of the kaolin to get a dehydroxylated product called metakaolin (metakaolinisation) and (2) hydrothermal reaction (zeolitisation) of metakaolin in alkaline medium in presence of additional silica to crystallise the zeolite. The metakaolinisation temperature (400–1000°C) is found to have an important role in determining the type of zeolite formed during the hydrothermal reaction. Under specified conditions, the uncalcined kaolin is partially converted to hydroxy sodalite (HS), whereas the metakaolins prepared at 400, 500 and 600°C also change to HS but at a faster rate. Increasing the metakaolinisation temperature to 700°C, zeolite NaX is found to be the product (higher the temperature, faster the reaction). The quantity of additional silica which in turn determines the SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratio of the reaction mixture and the time given for zeolitisation were also found to influence the formation of zeolite NaX. When metakaolin alone was used in the reaction (SiO₂/Al₂O₃ = 2), the product was X-ray amorphous. Higher ratios were obtained by the addition of sodium silicate. The ratios 3 and 5 gave phase pure NaX whereas 7 resulted in a mixture of NaA, NaP and HS zeolites. The optimum conditions to get phase pure zeolite NaX with good crystallinity from kaolin were found to be metakaolinisation of the clay at 900°C for 1 h, maintaining the mole ratios of SiO₂/Al₂O₃ = 3; Na₂O/SiO₂ = 1.1 and H₂O/Na₂O = 40 in the reaction mixture, an ageing of the reactants at room temperature for 24 h and heating at 87 ± 2°C for 15 h under autogenous pressure. Seeding was not essential for the zeolite crystallisation. X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, IR and solid state NMR spectral analysis, water adsorption and calcium/magnesium exchange or binding capacity measurements and chemical analysis of the selected products substantiated these findings.     

偏高岭土微波加热合成NaX分子筛及其机理探讨

本文以偏高岭土为主要原料,采用微波加热法合成了静态饱和吸水量超过32.0％的NaY分子筛.进行了单因素实验,考察了晶化时间、胶化时间、n(Na2 O/Al2O3)对合成分子筛的影响.通过静态水吸附测定、XRD、IR和SEM等测试手段考察反应条件对合成NaX分子筛的影响,并对NaY分子筛晶体生长规律进行了探讨研究.实验得...     

含甲基纤维素的NaA沸石膜的制备和表征

NaA沸石膜具有规则的孔道结构,利于分子传输,在有机物脱水领域有一定的应用。为使沸石膜生长更连续均匀,提高渗透汽化性能,本文以甲基纤维素作为空间限制剂加入合成液,探究碱度、晶化温度以及晶化时间对膜的影响,按最优条件制备合成液,并依据质量比m(MC)∶m(H₂O)=1∶100添加甲基纤维素,制备NaA沸石膜。表征方法采用XRD、SEM和渗透汽化3种方式,结果表明添加甲基纤维素的沸石膜表面结构完整,生长致密且性能优良,在75℃下对0.6mol/L的NaCl水溶液做渗透汽化测试时,通量达8.33kg/(m²·h),盐离子截留率为99.95%。在0.6mol/L的NaCl的水溶液中测试72h,结果表明添加甲基纤维素的NaA沸石膜时间依存性更好,通量保持在8.30kg/(m²·h)左右,离子截留率稳定在99.90%。渗透汽化分离ω(C₂H₆O)=90%乙醇的水溶液,随着温度从60℃升高到75℃,沸石膜的通量由1.55kg/(m²·h)升高到2.56kg/(m²·h),渗透侧水含量保持在99.90%左右。     

蒸汽相转化和晶种二次生长法制备不对称NaA分子筛膜层

采用蒸汽相转化和晶种二次生长法,在大孔氧化铝载体上制备不对称Na A分子筛膜层。制备过程包括蒸汽相转化法在载体表面制备底层多孔Na A分子筛膜,再采用晶种二次生长法制备上层致密分子筛膜层。考察了凝胶Na2O/Al2O3比、凝胶前处理时间、凝胶水量以及蒸汽相转化时间对于蒸汽相转化法制备多孔Na A分子筛膜性能的影响,得到的优化条件为:凝胶组成为7.5Na2O:2Si O2:Al2O3:150H2O,前处理条件为50℃水浴加热5 h。在多孔Na A分子筛膜的表面涂覆120 nm晶种,二次生长制备得到下层带有孔洞上层致密的Na A分子筛膜。膜层的性能通过扫描电镜分析以及在质量分数为90%乙醇水溶液75℃条件下的渗透汽化表征,其通量为3.43 kg/(m2·h),分离因子为3 685。     

在粗孔a-Al_2O_3载体上合成NaA沸石膜

采用稀释的水玻璃作为分散介质配成0.5%(w)的NaA沸石悬浮液,对粗孔a-Al2O3(孔径3~5 mm)载体管修饰并预涂晶种,进一步采取原位水热晶化法在a-Al2O3载体管外表面制备NaA沸石膜. 重复合成5次后,在载体表面形成一层致密、连续的沸石晶体层. 由XRD确定该晶体为A型沸石,由SEM可观察到膜厚约15~20 mm,膜表面上的沸石晶体大小约为3~5 mm,晶体之间紧密孪生在一起,看不出晶间空隙. 制备的NaA沸石膜的H2渗透率为3.0510-6 mol/(m2sPa), 对H2/N2和H2/C3H8的理想分离因数分别为6.9和15.6,超过对应的努森扩散值3.74和4.69,说明所制备的NaA沸石膜具有分子筛分性能.     

二次生长法制备NaA型沸石膜及其在渗透汽化中的应用

首先采用负压法在氧化铝载体上引入晶种,再通过二次生长法合成了NaA型沸石膜,考察了各种因素对制膜的影响。结果表明,在90℃时反应晶化3h,能够形成最佳的NaA膜层。对于质量分数为90%的乙醇水溶液,所合成的膜的渗透汽化通量为0 19kg/(m2·h),分离因子达300以上。在此基础上研究了渗透汽化温度、渗透液浓度对于分离性能的影响,获得了渗透汽化过程的初步规律。     

小晶粒NaX沸石膜的制备与表征

分别以硅溶胶和异丙醇铝为硅源和铝源,采用预涂晶种的方式,用水热合成法在氧化铝载体上合成出小晶粒NaX分子筛膜. 各组分配比为：SiO2:Al2O3=3.85~4.2, Na2O:SiO2=1.2~1.5, H2O:Na2O=40~60,用扫描电镜、Ｘ射线衍射等手段对沸石膜进行了表征,可以看到分子筛膜生长的晶粒细小,沸石晶体的大小在500~800 nm,生长致密良好,覆盖完全,膜厚约为10 mm. 小晶粒NaX沸石膜的H2渗透率为 2.45′10-6 mol×m2/(s×Pa),H2/N2的理想分离系数达到4.21,H2/C3H8的理想分离系数达到7.56,超过对应的努森扩散值3.74和4.69.     

Mass transfer simulation on pervaporation dehydration of ethanol through hollow fiber NaA zeolite membranes

A multi‐layer series‐resistance mass transfer model was developed to simulate mass transfer behaviors of water/ethanol mixture through hollow fiber NaA zeolite membranes. The mass transfer through zeolite layer was described by Maxwell‐Stefan mechanism based on adsorption and diffusion parameters obtained from molecular simulation. The mass transfer through asymmetric hollow fiber support was described by dusty gas model involving Knudsen diffusion and viscous flow. It was found that the sponge‐like layer of support besides of zeolite layer made an important contribution to overall membrane transfer resistance while the finger‐like layer had less effect. When permeate pressure shifted from 0.2 to 7.5 kPa, the mass transfer resistance contribution of sponge‐like layer varied from 27.1 to 17.8%. Effects of microstructure parameters of support on mass transfer through membrane were investigated extensively. Large pore size and thin thickness for sponge‐like layer of support were beneficial to improve water permeation flux. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 2468–2478, 2016     

煤矸石合成NaX分子筛的研究

以天然矿物煤矸石为原料 ,在水热体系中合成了 Na X沸石。考察了煤矸石焙烧温度、碱度、晶化时间等因素对产物结晶度的影响 ,确定了 Na X沸石的合成工艺 ,并用 NMR和 XRD的手段探讨了煤矸石焙烧温度对合成产物结构的影响原因。     

体型化NaA分子筛的制备研究

以粉煤灰一步酸溶法提取氧化铝剩余的酸溶渣为原料制备具有一定强度的地质聚合物,经过水热反应原位转化NaA分子筛。通过研究合成过程中的硅铝比、碱量、液固比等因素对制备体型化分子筛的影响,得到了制备酸溶渣基地质聚合物原位转化NaA型分子筛的最佳条件：在二氧化硅与三氧化二铝物质的量比为1.8、氧化钠与三氧化二铝物质的量比为1.0、水与酸溶渣质量比为1.2条件下制备出地质聚合物,之后在0.5 mol/L的75 mL氢氧化钠溶液中晶化,在晶化温度为100 ℃、晶化时间为8 h条件下可以制备出晶相单一、结晶度高的NaA体型化分子筛。制备的NaA体型化分子筛具有明显的立方体形貌,颗粒分布均匀,孔径为0.685 nm,比表面积为86.75 m²/g,抗压强度为4.5 MPa。     

Ultrasonic treatment of polyacrylic acid sodium/NaA zeolite hybrid membranes for the pervaporation dehydration of ethanol

Ultrasonics was used to improve the dispersion of NaA zeolite in polyacrylic acid sodium (PAAS) membranes. The effect of ultrasonication time on the dispersion of NaA zeolite in the membranes, the membrane structure, and performance were investigated. The casting solution and resulting membranes were characterized by viscosity measurement, polarizing optical microscopy (POM), scanning electron microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). With increasing ultrasonication time, the viscosity of the casting solution decreased as the chain entanglements decreased. The POM and XRD results showed that crystallization occurred in the PAAS membrane after ultrasonic processing. A more homogeneous morphology was obtained due to improvement in the dispersion of zeolite under ultrasonic treatment for 0.5–1.0 h. As a result, the separation performance was enhanced. The water/ethanol separation factor increased from 176.2 to 577.8. However, the relative separation factor decreased when the ultrasonic time exceeded 2.5 h, due to the appearance of a lamellar structure. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 3979–3984, 2013     

Synthesis of molecular sieves from Chilean kaolinites: 1. Synthesis of NaA type zeolites

The synthesis of NaA type zeolites has been studied at autogenous pressure using Chilean kaolins as starting materials. The ratios of SiO₂/Al₂O₃, Na₂O/SiO₂, H₂O/Na₂O have been set at 1.9 or 2.5, 0.6 or 1.0 and 50 or 90, respectively. Reaction times have been 5 or 15 h and reaction temperature 80 or 100°C. The influence of these parameters on the textural and structural properties of the zeolite has been studied. All samples have been characterized by X‐ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, differential thermal analysis and cation exchange capacity. The best conditions for synthesis are: SiO₂/Al₂O₃=2.5, Na₂O/SiO₂=1.0, H₂O/Na₂O=50 and 15 h reaction time at 100°C. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

Maxwell-Stefan理论模拟NaA沸石膜分离一氯甲烷中微量水的渗透特性

通过热浸渍晶种法制备了高质量的NaA沸石膜,并将其应用于蒸汽渗透脱除一氯甲烷中的微量水. 实验结果表明,NaA膜对该体系显示了优异的分离性能,水对一氯甲烷的分离系数高达74831,产品中的水含量从0.2582%(w)降低到0.005%(w). 将基于Maxwell-Stenfan理论和Langmuir理想吸附理论推导的吸附-扩散模型用于模拟水渗透流速与渗透侧真空度和进料温度的关系,预测趋势与实验值吻合很好,且拟合得到的参数与文献报道较接近,表明水蒸汽在NaA沸石膜中的传递为表面扩散机制,水蒸汽的吸附对渗透速率的贡献很大. 水蒸汽的吸附热为-34.15 kJ/mol.     

Preparation of high‐performance zeolite NaA membranes in clear solution by adding SiO2 into Al2O3 hollow‐fiber precursor

Zeolite NaA membranes were prepared in a clear synthesis solution without the aid of nanoseeds. To improve the properties of the membranes formed in a clear solution, alumina hollow fibers were fabricated by adding silica powder to the conventional spinning slurry, resulting in hollow fibers with a mullite phase. Prior to the membrane synthesis, the hollow fibers were pretreated by dipping in an aged synthesis solution diluted with isopropanol. Dense zeolite NaA membranes on mullite‐containing alumina hollow fibers were successfully obtained at 100°C for 2 h without the aid of nanoseeds. The membranes have a good pervaporation performance with a high flux of 10.8 kg m^?2 h^?1 and a separation factor of over 10,000. The abundant mullite‐phase hydroxyl groups on the support surface promote the nucleation and growth of zeolite crystals on the support, resulting in dense membranes. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 2679–2688, 2018     

分子筛膜渗透蒸发技术研究进展

概述了渗透蒸发膜分离过程和分子筛膜的优点,重点综述了沸石分子筛膜在渗透蒸发中的传输机理和传质模型,以及温度、压力、组成等对渗透蒸发膜分离性能的影响因素,介绍了分子筛膜渗透蒸发技术在有机溶剂脱水、水中脱除有机物和有机混合物分离等方面的应用,展望了分子筛膜在渗透蒸发膜分离技术中的发展方向。