Optimization of Zone Refining by Variable Oscillation of the Container

Abstract

A zone refining apparatus able to provide a wide range of rotation and oscillation programs is presented, and its utility in determining the conditions for most efficient separation is demonstrated.     

The Improvement of Separation in Zone Refining Processes with Zone Length Varied along the Ingot

Abstract

Adjusting the zone length properly and continuously along the ingot during zone melting substantially increases the separation efficiency by controlling the solute concentration in the liquid zone. Considerable improvement in separation was obtained by employing the process with a partially optimized zone length versus distance.     

炼油调度排产优化管理

分析了广州石化多年采用的Aspen公司ORION系统进行生产调度排产中存在的不足,如未实现周计划从编制、执行到结果反馈的全过程痕迹管理,成品油调和排产仍为手工编制等。集成MES、LIMS、计划报表等系统信息建立生产调度与优化管理系统,完成从原油卸船、输送、中间贮存、加工的计划排产和计划跟踪情况管理,实现周计划制定、发布、执行、反馈闭环管理,优化原油调和、成品油调和,深化生产调度管理层的应用,进一步提升广州石化炼油生产管理水平,创造更高的经济效益。     

炼油工艺优化策略

随着我国经济发展速度以及汽车数量的不断增多,石油的需求量日益增加,汽车的普及程度越来越高,居民对于石油的需求量也显著提升。然而我国石油开采技术与石油提炼技术有限,难以满足居民持续增长的用油需求。因此,必须进一步促进石油开采效率和炼油效率,为经济发展提供足够的石油资源,同时还必须提高对炼油工业的重视,对炼油技术不断进行研究和创新,促进炼油工业的进一步发展。     

Purification of Tin by a New Method of Zone Refining

Abstract

The purification of tin by a new method of zone refining is described. The method is characterized by alternating high-speed clockwise and anticlockwise rotations (0 to 3000 rpm) of the containing tube at short intervals (0.5 to 10 sec). The experimental parameters which affect the degree of purification were investigated in some detail. The concentration of major impurities was lowered by about two orders of magnitude by 20 zone passes under standard operating conditions.     

白土精制工艺优化研究及工业应用

文章对两种白土精制工艺进行了阐述,确定了"先加热后加白土"工艺精制的最佳温度;在实验室针对减二、减三分别采用两种工艺进行白土精制试验,结果表明,无论采用"先加热后加白土"新工艺或原工艺,白土精制油的理化性能都满足要求。本文还进行了工业装置试生产。     

炼油厂总加工流程优化方法的探讨

当今世界原油资源紧缺,原油价格波动较大。因而如何设计出合理的总加工流程,能够适应加工原油在一定范围内变化,保证炼厂的经济效益,就变得非常重要。本文在总结近年国内外炼油行业对总加工流程优化的方法上进行探讨。     

丙烯酸精制系统的优化

丙烯酸精制是丙烯酸生产中的关键步骤。通过实验找到复配共沸溶剂,在工业生产装置上进行试验,将得到的试验数据与新技术应用前的工况进行比较,证实使用复配溶剂用于丙烯酸精制是有效的,优化了生产过程中丙烯酸精制系统。     

Zone Refining of Systems with Varible Distribution Coefficient under the Condition of No Liquid Mixing

Abstract

Mass transfer equations for the zone refining of systems with variable distribution coefficient have been solved using a Laplace transformation under the condition of no liquid mixing. It is suggested that this solution will describe more appropriately the solute distribution after a single zone pass through an organic solid than the conventional theory which assumes a constant distribution coefficient and complete liquid mixing.     

丙烯腈生产的高效精制工艺优化

采用阳离子交换树脂D001去除丙烯腈中(口恶)唑。D001的平衡吸附量为37.08 mg·g-1,在20℃、30℃、40℃、50℃下,D001对(口恶)唑的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温方程。在进料流量为2.0 BV·h-1、体系温度为20℃时,丙烯腈中(口恶)唑的去除率达99％以上。采用5％的HCl为洗脱剂,在其用...     

关于建立炼销一体化价值优化体系的思考

近年来成品油市场发生深刻变化,国内消费需求步入中低速增长,炼厂产能扩张加剧供需矛盾,"双碳"战略下传统化石能源消费替代加速,成品油市场化改革步伐加快,市场经营主体日趋多元,竞争更加激烈,传统主营企业创效压力与日俱增,巩固和提升炼销一体化经营竞争优势将成为能源化工企业保持未来长远发展的关键.     

炼油及石油化工企业的能源优化技术

总结了国内炼油及石油化工企业使用的系统能源优化技术与工具,包括能耗计算与评价、能源资源的综合优化利用、热集成方法、能量平衡与用能分析、蒸汽动力系统优化、低温余热的回收利用和各种计算机软件等,分析了存在的不足之处,提出了今后发展的建议。     

The Problem of Tube Breakage in Zone Refining,and a Solution

Abstract

The causes of tube breakage due to expansion of the charge during zone refining of chemical compounds are discussed. A new type of rotation-convection zone refiner which eliminates such tube breakage is described. Its main feature is that the molten zones fill slightly less than half the cross section of the tube, thereby producing solids with axial holes.     

盐水车间精制系统技术改造与优化

对盐水精制系统存在的问题逐一梳理,通过苛化液配制和使用系统的自动化改造、苛化液加入位置的调整、澄清桶能力提升改造等,先后解决了粗盐水与苛化液反应不充分,苛化盐水指标波动大、精制工序生产能力不足的问题。这些改造和优化降低了职工生产操作强度,优化了精盐水指标,提高了盐水车间装置生产能力和生产稳定性。     

固定层煤气炉的工艺调节优化

介绍了在实际工作中总结的一些有关固定层煤气炉工艺调节优化的具体实践经验。     

Equilibrium Distribution Coefficients of Some Nitrate Impurities in Sodium Nitrate from Zone Refining

Abstract

The equilibrium distribution coefficients of 10 impurities (Li, K, Rb, Cs, Ag, TI, Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba) in sodium nitrate were determined from the measured values of the effective distribution coefficients obtained by zone refining. The equilibrium distribution coefficients obtained are as follows: LiNO₃, 9.2 × 10^?2; KNO₃, 3.0 × 10^?1; RbNO₃, 2.2 × 10^?2; CsNO₃, 1.3 × 10^?3; AgNO₃, 7.8 × 10^?1; TlNO₃, 5.2 × 10^?1; Mg(NO₃)₂, 7.4 × 10^?2; Ca(NO₃)₂, 1.5 × 10^?2; Sr(NO₃)₂, 3.0 × 10^?2; and Ba(NO₃)₂, 2.1 × 10^?2. These values are in favorable agreement with those estimated from the phase diagrams and/or those calculated from the heat of solid solution.     

Protein Structure Refinement Using Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization with Decomposition Strategy

Protein structure refinement is a crucial step for more accurate protein structure predictions. Most existing approaches treat it as an energy minimization problem to intuitively improve the quality of initial models by searching for structures with lower energy. Considering that a single energy function could not reflect the accurate energy landscape of all the proteins, our previous AIR 1.0 pipeline uses multiple energy functions to realize a multi-objectives particle swarm optimization-based model refinement. It is expected to provide a general balanced conformation search protocol guided from different energy evaluations. However, AIR 1.0 solves the multi-objective optimization problem as a whole, which could not result in good solution diversity and convergence on some targets. In this study, we report a decomposition-based method AIR 2.0, which is an updated version of AIR, for protein structure refinement. AIR 2.0 decomposes a multi-objective optimization problem into a number of subproblems and optimizes them simultaneously using particle swarm optimization algorithm. The solutions yielded by AIR 2.0 show better convergence and diversity compared to its previous version, which increases the possibilities of digging out better structure conformations. The experimental results on CASP13 refinement benchmark targets and blind tests in CASP 14 demonstrate the efficacy of AIR 2.0.     

Optimization and Application of Corundum-spinel Purging Plugs for Refining Ladles

Corundum- spinel purging plugs were optimized through adjusting the formulation and the particle size composition of starting materials to prolong the service life of purging plugs for a 60 t refining ladle in a stee plant. The optimized formulation is 30 mass% tabular corundum( 6- 3 mm),20 mass% tabular corundum( 3- 1 mm),22 mass% tabular corundum( 1- 0. 5mm) + sintered spinel,28% tabular corundum fines( 0. 045 mm) + fused spinel( 0. 045 mm) + bimodaα-Al_2O_3 micropowder + Secar71 cement. The on-site results show that the plug can achieve an obviously long service life of 18 cycles,saving cost greatly.     

Experimental Study Refining on Composition Slag Containing Optimization for BaO

Laboratory study; was carried out on deep desulfurization of molten steel by CaO-Al2O3 based refining slag containing BaO at 1873K to achieve lower sulphur level in steel. A mathematical model of desulfurization was established with the methodology of quadratic orthogohal regression. According to the modle, the influence of AlO3/CaO, MgO, CaF2, BaO in slag on desulfurization rate was analyzed. The results showed that the desulfurization rate almost linearly decreased with the increase of Al2O3/CaO and it increased firstly then decreased when MgO and BaO content increased respectixely, yet the trend is on the contrary as CaF2 content increased. Based on the comprehensive analysis, the optimum composition of the refining slag was achieved under the experimental conditions.     

天然气终端处理厂能量系统分析与优化

天然气终端处理厂包括蒸馏、脱碳和压缩等一序列的高耗能过程。在当前可持续发展的大背景下,企业节能需求日益强烈。本文采用三环节能量流结构模型对天然气终端处理厂进行用能分析,分别提出工艺能量利用环节、能量转换环节和能量回收环节的用能优化改进措施,实现天然气终端处理厂系统节能超过12%。