超临界CO_2萃取牛至挥发油的工艺研究

采用超临界CO2萃取牛至药材中的挥发油,以挥发油产品中两种主要有效成分的质量总和为考察指标,以萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间、夹带剂浓度及夹带剂流量为考察因素进行正交实验,优选最佳的萃取工艺条件。最佳的萃取工艺条件为:萃取压力为25 MPa、萃取温度为55℃、萃取时间为2.5 h、75%乙醇为夹带剂、夹带剂流量为0.02mL/min、CO2流量为1 L/min,在此实验条件下,产品中两种主要有效成分的质量总和平均为0.141 24 g。优选得到的萃取工艺可靠、简便易行、稳定性好。     

超临界CO2从留兰香油中萃取香芹酮

用超临界CO2萃取法对留兰香毛油进行了萃取香芹酮的初步研究。工作是在实验室的小型装置上进行的。文中对实验装置和操作条件作了介绍。实验表明:在萃取塔底为50℃、塔顶为85℃,程序升压,使压力从8MPa升至13MPa时,可获得香芹酮质量分数为97%的馏分。     

超临界CO_2流体萃取法提取香橼挥发油化学成分的研究

为了促进芸香科植物香橼在医药和精细化工等领域中的应用,该研究采用超临界CO2流体萃取法从香橼中提取挥发油,并用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其化学成分进行了分析,共鉴定出49种成分,主要有亚油酸(质量分数32.09%)、棕榈酸(质量分数21.76%)、9-十八碳烯酸(质量分数9.93%)、D-柠檬烯(质量分数4.75%),已鉴定化合物种类占挥发油总成分的81.6%,占色谱总离子流出峰面积的95%。     

超临界CO2流体萃取法提取小茴香挥发油化学成分的研究

采用超临界CO2流体萃取法(SFE)从小茴香中提取挥发油。用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对化学成分进行分析,共鉴定了50种成分,占挥发油总成分的81%以上。超临界CO2流体萃取法提取的挥发油能更真实、全面地反映小茴香中的化学成分。     

超临界CO2萃取红花药渣中挥发油和红色素

在0.5 L半连续装置上,考察了温度、压力、CO2流量及物料粒径等工艺条件对超临界CO2分级萃取红花水煮醇提药渣的影响,得到了红花挥发油和红花红色素,对红色素含量进行了测定,并同红花分级萃取进行了对比. 结果表明,温度、压力及CO2流量对分级萃取影响明显. 在考察范围内最佳工艺条件为：一级萃取温度35℃、压力9 MPa、CO2流量3.74 kg/h;二级萃取温度35℃、压力30 MPa、CO2流量3.74 kg/h. 在此条件下红花挥发油萃取率达2.74%,红色素相对收率达69.88%.     

超临界二氧化碳萃取生姜油实验研究与数值模拟

1 INTRODUCTION Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) as an alter- native to conventional processes, such as solvent ex- traction and steam distillation for obtaining essential oils, is a novel technique especially attractive to the food, cosmetics and Pharmaceuticals industries. The extracts from SFE are free of solvent residues. In ad- dition, the process can be conducted at low tempera- ture, which is very important to preserve the quality of heat-sensitive products[1,2]. Ginger (Zing…     

超临界CO2萃取栀子花头香精油及其分析应用

以栀子鲜花为原料,通过超临界CO2萃取技术得到栀子花头香精油,并用气质联用仪对栀子花头香精油进行定性和定量分析,鉴定出49个组分,绍象表明栀子花头香精油主要为清香类化合物,其中芳樟醇（46．02％）含量最高。根据分析结果并结合对栀子鲜花的嗅觉评析配制栀子花香水香精。     

Mathematical Modeling of Ocimum basilicum L. Supercritical CO2 Extraction

The effects of pressure and temperature on supercritical extraction of Ocimum basilicum L. in terms of extraction yield and aromatic compounds were investigated. Linalool, eugenol, and δ‐cadinene were indentified as three main compounds of the prepared extracts. The dominant compound in all investigated supercritical basil extracts was linalool. Within the experimental range the extraction parameters had a significant influence on the extraction yield. The obtained results for the sweet basil total extract, cadinene, and linalool best matched with the Gordillo et al. model, therefore, the solubility of total extract, linalool, and cadinene in supercritical CO₂ at investigated temperatures is described as a function of pressure.     

A Recent Insight Regarding the Phytochemistry and Bioactivity of Origanum vulgare L. Essential Oil

Origanum vulgare L. is a widely used aromatic plant, especially due to its content in essential oil, mainly rich in carvacrol and thymol. The ethnopharmacological uses of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil (OEO) comprise digestive, respiratory, or dermatological disorders. The review focuses on the increasing number of recent studies investigating several biological activities of OEO. The bioactivities are in tight relation to the phytochemical profile of the essential oil, and also depend on taxonomic, climatic, and geographical characteristics of the plant material. The antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, skin disorders beneficial effects, next to antihyperglycemic and anti-Alzheimer activities were reported and confirmed in multiple studies. Moreover, recent studies indicate a positive impact on skin disorders of OEO formulated as nanocarrier systems in order to improve its bioavailability and, thus, enhancing its therapeutic benefits. The review brings an up to date regarding the phytochemistry and bioactivity of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil, underlining also the most successful pharmaceutical formulation used for skin disorders.     

超临界CO2从黄花蒿中提取青蒿素的研究

研究了用超临界二氧化碳从黄花蒿中萃取青蒿素的影响因素.在15.2～29.7MPa和40～60℃范围内,萃取压力和萃取温度升高,萃取率增大,萃取选择性下降.以萃取率和萃取选择性为目标,优化了超临界萃取工艺条件,得到较佳的操作条件萃取压力20MPa,萃取温度50℃,CO2流量1kg/(h·kg原料),原料粒径60～80目.在优化条件下萃取4h,萃取率达到95%以上,萃取物纯度10%以上.     

Antiradical Efficiency of Essential Oils from Plant Seeds Obtained by Supercritical CO2, Soxhlet Extraction,and Hydrodistillation

The effect of supercritical CO₂ (SCCO₂) extraction conditions (pressure and temperature) on the system performance as well as the antiradical efficiencies of the essential oils from Japanese pepper (Xanthoxylum piperitum DC.), cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton), and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) seeds were investigated. A control study with the conventional Soxhlet extraction and hydrodistillation was also conducted to compare the performance of those processes. Antiradical efficiencies were investigated by utilizing 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay with a UV-vis spectrophotometer. Higher pressure and temperature had positive effects on the supercritical process performance due to higher CO₂ density and substrate solubility in SCCO₂. Antiradical efficiencies of cardamom and pepper were almost the same, being significantly higher than that of fennel seeds. However, this effect decreased dramatically for all the spices when the extraction method was changed to Soxhlet extraction and hydrodistillation. SCCO₂ extraction was found to yield more quality and effective essential oils than Soxhlet extraction and hydrodistillation.     

超临界CO2萃取傣药紫色姜精油的GC-MS分析

采用超临界CO2的方法萃取紫色姜精油,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其化学成分进行分析,并用归一化法确定各化学成分的相对百分含量,研究了傣药紫色姜精油中的化学成分。在萃取温度50℃,萃取压力20MPa;分离温度35℃,分离压力8.5MPa下萃取得到的紫色姜精油含有40种化学成分,其中鉴定37种,占92.5％。了解了超临界提取的紫色姜精油成分的化学组成,为紫色姜的进一步开发利用奠定了基础。     

超临界流体萃取植物种子油中传质模型进展

超临界流体萃取技术是一种高新分离技术,其应用和研究日益广泛。其中,超临界流体萃取植物种子油已成为热门研究课题。在众多超临界流体萃取植物种子油的研究中,传质方面的研究相对较少。本文阐述了近年来在超临界流体萃取植物种子油中传质方面的研究概况,并着重论述了其中几种重要的传质理论模型。     

超临界CO_2萃取过程的数学模拟

对超临界CO_2萃取β-胡萝卜素的过程进行了模拟研究,考察了压力(10～32MPa)、温度(0～60℃)、空塔气速(0.25～1.00m/s)和颗粒直径(0.0005～0.01m)等各种工艺操作条件对萃取得率和过程经济性的影响,得出了超临界CO_2萃取β-胡萝卜素的最佳工艺条件;提出了一种研究超临界CO_2萃取技术的新思路:采用计算机模拟技术优化萃取过程的工艺条件以减小操作条件的探索工作量。     

鲜花精油和浸膏的超临界CO_2萃取进展

该文对国内外植物精油和浸膏的提取方法作了概述,包括传统方法(水蒸馏法和有机溶剂浸提法)和新型清洁方法〔微波诱导法、吸附法、水扩散法、分子蒸馏、超临界水萃取、液体CO2萃取和超临界CO2(SC CO2)萃取〕。介绍了SC CO2萃取的原理和优势,详细地说明了SC CO2对精油选择性萃取的较优条件、蜡和精油的传质机理、多级萃取除蜡等。重点将现有的SC CO2萃取强化方法———快速降压法、夹带剂法和溶胀预处理法进行较详细的总结。引用文献34篇。     

提取野菊花中的精油

采用超临界CO₂萃取技术,研究了从野菊花中提取精油的工艺并鉴定其主要化学成分。对影响超临界CO₂萃取精油的各因素进行了单因素试验研究,得到较适宜的萃取工艺条件,萃取温度 35℃、分离温度 30℃、萃取时间 90 min、萃取压力 25 MPa、CO₂流量为 30 kg/h。在上述萃取工艺条件下,精油得率 9.65%。经GC-MS分析鉴定了野菊花精油成分43个,主要是萜类及其含氧衍生物、烷烃类化合物和酯类化合物等。     

超临界CO2萃取生姜特性组分--姜油的研究

本文以超临界CO2 萃取的方法 ,研究了生姜中特性组分姜油萃取过程中工艺条件的影响 ,得到了优化的工艺 :萃取温度 5 0℃ ;萃取压力 14 4MPa ;二级高压萃取釜萃取浸泡时间 2h ;流体取样量约 5mL ;取样过程气体流速 0 3～ 0 9L/min。对所提取的姜油采用紫外光谱和气相色谱连用的分析方法 ,确定了各组分的相对含量。     

Supercritical fluid extraction of sunflower seed oil with CO2-ethanol mixtures

The effect of ethanol addition to supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂), up to 20%, on sunflower seed oil extraction over the range of 150 to 350 bars and 42 to 80°C was studied. A nonrecirculating home-made bench-scale system was used as extraction equipment. The oil-SC-CO₂-ethanol mixture was reduced to atmospheric pressure in a test tube, where two phases, oil and ethanol, were obtained and ethanol-saturated CO₂ was liberated to the atmosphere. Results show that sunflower oil solubility in SC-CO₂ greatly increases with addition of ethanol as entrainer over the whole range of pressure and temperature conditions. Some phospholipids are co-extracted at levels directly proportional to the added ethanol. Moreover, a large amount of phospholipids was recovered in the ethanolic phase. Acidity of the extracted oil with ethanol as entrainer was lower than that without alcohol. Part of the free fatty acids was found in the ethanolic phase.     

大蒜精油的超临界CO_2萃取技术与有效成分分析

介绍大蒜精油的性质及其在生活生产中的应用,阐述超临界萃取技术的原理及工艺特点,分析其应用现状及发展前景,并介绍了大蒜精油有效成分的定性和定量检测方法。     

超临界CO_2萃取沙棘油的实验研究及数值模拟

本文利用超临界CO2萃取沙棘油,建立了一套实验流程,分别考察了萃取压力、萃取温度以及颗粒大小对萃取率的影响。同时根据萃取器单元的质量守恒建立了微分方程,并对一定萃取条件下的实验结果进行数值模拟。结果表明, 本文所建立的数值模型能较好地描述实际萃取行为。