Coal Desulfurization and Deashing by Oil Agglomeration

Abstract

Coal organic matter was separated from its associated mineral matter by reducing the material to a fine-size, suspending the particles in water, selectively agglomerating with oil the particles which were largely organic, and screening the suspension to recover the agglomerates. Since particles of iron pyrites tended to be agglomerated with the coal, various means of preventing the agglomeration of pyrite were investigated. In some cases pyrite agglomeration was prevented by suspending the particles in an alkaline solution. In other cases it was prevented by pretreating the particles with a warm alkaline suspension through which air was bubbled to oxidize the surface of the pyrite. However, when this method of pretreatment was applied to several Pennsylvania coals, a considerable part of the pyritic sulfur was extracted through dissolution. An unexpected discovery revealed by scanning electron microscopy was the unusual stability of the coal microagglomerates which remained after the oil was extracted.     

高梯度磁分离预处理船舶压载水实验研究

以高梯度磁分离装置(HGMS)作为船舶压载水的预处理工艺,考察了磁场强度、流量、磁种投加量、磁介质等因素对HGMS去除颗粒物的影响规律。研究结果表明:高梯度磁分离压载水处理的场强应不小于12.7 mT,流量不大于10 L/h,磁种投加量在400 mg/L左右,此时浊度的去处效果可达到5 NTU以下;高磁分离装置的磁介质的填充率在3%~4%,尽量采用不同直径的不锈钢毛组成的混合磁介质。     

Efficiency of High Gradient Magnetic Separation Applied to Micrometric Magnetic Particles

This article presents two prototypes of laboratory magnetic separators that generate high gradient magnetic fields. Such a field is created in a separation cell via steel wool. The efficiency of separators was tested on a water suspension containing weakly magnetic Fe₂O₃ nano/micro-particles, prepared in three size fractions in a size range of 60 nm – 10 μm. The separation process was evaluated via optical transmittance of the suspension before and after sequential separation processes. Repeated separations on the same sample exhibit an asymptotic trend that results in the conclusion that it is not possible to trap all solid content. According to the decrease of solid particles concentrations during cyclic separation we set the efficiency of the process. It is maximally 46% for fine fraction, 65% for medium fraction, and 40% for coarse fraction after infinity separation cycles.     

The Application of High Field and High Gradient Methods to the Magnetic Separation of Mineral Matter from Micronized Coal

Abstract

In exploratory laboratory measurements, high field high gradient magnetic separation (HGMS) has removed as much as 74% of the mineral matter and 99% of the pyritic sulfur from micronized coals with mineral contents up to 16.39 wt%. Magnetic cleaning methods are limited by the fact that not all mineral matter in coal is magnetic. HGMS methods are further restricted when mineral matter levels generally exceed about 2 to 3% because of excessive capture-matrix loading which leads to poor clean coal weight yields. The use of selective flocculation of coal mineral matter and processing at high flow velocities (made possible with the use of high field superconductive magnet technology) offer hope for overcoming these process limitations and for extending use of HGMS technology to preparation of low ash and low sulfur coal-slurry fuels. Measurements of mineral matter and sulfur removals achieved in high field HGMS processing of water slurries of dispersed micronized coals are presented. Field strengths up to 15 Tesla, flow velocities up to 3 cm/s, and slurry solids up to 38.4% were investigated. The use of models of the magnetic capture mechanism for scaling laboratory data to commercial applications is discussed.     

煤炭洗选脱硫技术

介绍了各种煤炭脱硫技术,为重介质法、跳汰法、浮选法等多种洗选脱硫方法的联合提供科学依据。本矿井选煤厂采用该脱硫方法,获得了不同品种的洗选产品,合理有效利用煤炭资源,大大减少洗选产品燃烧时二氧化硫及其它污染物的排放,保护生态环境,实现了煤炭资源的高效洁净利用。     

LHGC型立环高梯度磁选机及其在陶瓷原料长石矿分选中的应用

我公司开发生产的LHGC型高梯度磁选机是一种节能、环保、有强制油冷却、有脉动作用的新型立环高梯度磁选机。该磁选设备已于2011年由9位专家做了技术鉴定。专家一致认为,这是一种国内外首创的磁选设备,其技术性能达到了国际领先水平。该磁选设备可以广泛地应用于金属矿物和非金属矿物的分选,尤其适用于陶瓷原料长石矿物的除铁提纯,长石经除铁提纯后其技术指标达到优良,经济效益十分显著。     

Solvent Extraction and Emulsion Separation in Magnetic Fields

Abstract

In two-phase emulsion separations, it is customary to employ large settling volumes (for mixer-settling apparatus) or large centrifugal forces (for centrifugal contactors). Improvement can sometimes be achieved by using an extractant with magnetic properties in the presence of a variable field. In the work reported in this paper, two different extractants (D-2EHPA and TBP) were employed in magnetic field experiments. These compounds are both stable and resistant to acid (15% H₂SO₄) and basic (NaOH, pH = 10) media. The test results for extraction of Cu²⁺ (with D-2EHPA) and UO₂ ²⁺ (with TBP) from aqueous media were positive. The emulsion separation for these two systems in the presence of a magnetic field was 160 times faster than in the gravitational field alone.     

浮选法脱除煤中硫的试验研究

在分析煤样性质的基础上,考察了捕收剂正十二烷用量、起泡剂仲辛醇用量、抑制剂CaO用量以及矿浆浓度对贵州高硫煤脱硫率的影响。结果表明在捕收剂用量1.2 kg/t,起泡剂用量100 g/t,抑制剂用量2 kg/t,矿浆浓度120 g/L的条件下脱硫率能达到42.98%,对脱硫前后煤样工业分析结果进行比较,发现精煤总硫明显降低,发热量有所增高,煤的质量得到了改善。     

高硫煤浮选法脱硫实验研究

采用浮选法脱除贵州某煤中的硫,以磺化煤油为捕收剂,WP溶液为起泡剂,CaO为抑制剂,考察了捕收剂用量、起泡剂用量、抑制剂用量以及矿浆浓度对脱硫率的影响。实验结果表明,在捕收剂用量30kg/t、起泡剂用量1.250kg/t、抑制剂用量37.5kg/t、矿浆质量浓度106g/L的条件下,能有效脱除煤中的硫分,脱硫率达到67.63%。对比分析脱硫前后煤样,结果表明浮选法脱除煤中硫的同时,也提高了煤样的热值,提升了煤的质量。     

高硫煤浮选脱硫实验研究

采用浮选法研究了磨矿粒度、捕收剂用量、起泡剂用量、抑制剂用量等因素对高硫煤脱硅效果的影响,结果表明,磨矿粒度-200目占48.48%,捕收剂用量1.4kg/t,起泡剂90g/t,抑制剂1.5g/L,浮选时间5min,浮选温度为室温,可获得较好的脱硫效果,脱硫率达到50%左右。论文的研究为高硫煤的浮选法脱硫提供一定的参考依据。     

高梯度磁分离铬盐浸出浆液中的铬渣--II.实验研究

应用高梯度磁分离装置对铬盐浸出浆液中的铬渣进行了实验分离,测量了有效分离时间与流体粘度、磁场强度和流体流速之间的关系. 实验结果显示,当对理论模型作适当修正后,实验测量结果与模型计算结果基本一致.     

LHGC型立环高梯度磁选机及其在陶瓷原料长石矿分选中的应用

我公司开发生产的LHGC型高梯度磁选机是一种节能、环保、有强制油冷却、有脉动作用的新型立环高梯度磁选机。该磁选设备已于2011年由9位专家做了技术鉴定。专家一致认为,这是一种国内外首创的磁选设备,其技术性能达到了国际领先水平。该磁选设备可以广泛地应用于金属矿物和非金属矿物的分选,尤其适用于陶瓷原料长石矿物的除铁提纯,长石经除铁提纯后其技术指标达到优良,经济效益十分显著。     

高梯度磁分离铬盐浸出浆液中的铬渣-Ⅱ.实验研究

应用高梯度磁分离装置对铬盐浸出浆液中的铬渣进行了实验分离,测量了有效分离时间与流体粘度、磁场强度和流体流速之间的关系. 实验结果显示,当对理论模型作适当修正后,实验测量结果与模型计算结果基本一致.     

Alumina-Iron Separation of High Alumina Iron Ore by Carbothermic Reduction and Magnetic Separation

The carbothermic reduction of high alumina iron ore in the absence/presence of sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) was carried out for alumina-iron separation by wet magnetic separation. Sodium carbonate is found to be capable of improving the separation of alumina and iron, as well as increasing the particle size of metallic iron significantly. When the high alumina ore briquettes were reduced at 1050°C for 80 min, the average particle size of metallic iron was approximately 100 μm in the presence of sodium carbonate, which is bigger than the size of 50 μm in the absence of sodium carbonate. Compared with the absence of sodium carbonate, the Al₂O₃ content of iron concentrate decreased from 4.33% to 1.29%, while the Al₂O₃ removal rate increased from 43.70% to 83.37% with the addition of 9% sodium carbonate. Experimental evidence showed that Na₂CO₃ reacted with Al₂O₃ and SiO₂ to form sodium silicate, aluminum silicate, and sodium aluminosilicate, and decreased the content of Fe in the slags, which improved the separation between the alumina and iron during the magnetic separation.     

油品脱硫萃取工艺的溶剂性能研究

为了提高FCC汽油的质量,用溶剂萃取法进行脱硫.用改进的溶解度参数法在不同温度下定量估算萃取溶剂对硫化物的溶解能力和选择性,其中溶解能力与选择性可用无限稀释活度系数表示.选择四种溶剂对模拟体系(正辛烷+苯并噻吩)进行萃取实验,并测定脱硫率与油品回收率,结果表明理论估算结果与实验测定结果基本吻合.兼顾溶剂对硫化物的溶解能力与选择性,在4种溶剂中PEG 400是性能较优的FCC汽油脱硫溶剂.三级错流或逆流萃取总含硫量为1143 μg/g的模拟汽油时脱硫率可达到90%以上.     

溶剂梯度模拟移动床分离奥美拉唑对映体的研究

模拟移动床一般在平衡模式下操作,即在模拟移动床（SMB）各区中采用相同的温度、压力和流动相组成等操作条件。但最新研究表明,在SMB各区适当使用梯度操作,如温度梯度、压力梯度、溶剂梯度等,优化各区操作条件,可以显著改善分离性能。本文测定了奥美拉唑对映体在乙醇／正己烷中的吸附平衡,根据SG—SMB平衡理论,确定了分离奥美拉唑对映体的完全分离区域,并以此为指导初步选择了分离条件,使R—OME和S—OME纯度分别达到95．11％和96．34％。     

中日合作高硫煤烟气脱硫技术试验研究

介绍了中日合作高硫煤烟气脱硫技术--旋转喷雾法脱硫工艺的原理,工业试验的设备和系统,试验过程及结果,指出该脱硫装置在中国具有良好的应用前景.     

溶剂抽提法分离油砂技术的研究进展

介绍了溶剂抽提法在油砂分离中的应用和研究现状,阐述了抽提溶剂的选择原则,溶剂抽提法的实验原理与萃取机理,影响抽提效果的实验因素。并分别介绍了单一溶剂抽提、复合溶剂抽提、水辅助溶剂抽提以及离子液体在抽提实验中的应用,根据各类溶剂的抽提特点,分析了其在油砂分离中的应用前景并对溶剂抽提技术的发展提出了相关建议。     

LHGC强制油冷立环高梯度磁选机在石英砂和长石选矿中的应用

石英砂与长石是玻璃生产中常用的两种矿物原料,氧化铁是其中的主要有害成分,磁选是去除氧化铁的主要手段。本文论述了特制立环高梯度磁选机在这两种矿物原料除铁提纯中的应用和达到的主要技术指标,并对获得的经济效益作出了简要评价。     

高硫煤焦化过程气体返回耦合脱硫实验研究

通过模拟工业焦化过程,针对一种高硫煤考察了不同气体种类、气体流量及加热速率下,气体返回焦化过程对固体产物焦炭中硫含量变化及气相中H2S气体逸出行为的影响. 结果表明,焦化过程中通入H2, CH4和N2气体可以抑制热解气中的硫在逸出过程中返回到固体焦炭中,H2达到的焦炭脱硫量最大,其次是CH4和N2;气相中硫逸出行为表明,煤热解第一高峰阶段也是硫析出时的高峰阶段,800℃后均可达到总析出硫量的90%;增大气体流量、减小加热速率有利于使硫向气相转移,从而使固体焦炭中的硫分配降低;固体焦炭中硫含量变化亦表明,H2气氛下脱硫效果较佳,在空塔速度0.8, 1.3, 2.1 mm/s和3.0, 1.5℃/min两种加热速率下可使焦炭中硫含量分别降低0.36%~0.39%和0.46%~0.56%.