离子液体萃取金属离子的研究进展

室温离子液体具有低蒸汽压、低熔点、宽电化学窗口、良好离子导电性、导热性及高热稳定性等特点,故近年来在各种金属离子液／液萃取领域的应用日益受到关注。本文系统的评述了离子液体萃取金属离子特点,并展望了该分离方法在环境分析化学领域的应用前景。     

室温离子液体在萃取中的应用

综述了室温离子液体在萃取中的应用研究,包括液—液萃取,液相微萃取,固相微萃取,超临界CO2萃取。     

Ionic Liquid (IL) Cation and Anion Structural Effects on Metal Ion Extraction into Quaternary Ammonium-based ILs

Numerous factors have previously been shown to influence the mode of extraction of alkali and alkaline earth cations from an acidic aqueous phase into 1, 3-dialkylimidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) by a crown ether, among them the hydrophobicity of both the IL anion and cation. To determine if this observation is “generic” and thus, could provide the basis for guidelines for the rational design of ILs to be used as solvents in metal ion extraction, other families of ILs must be studied. A series of quaternary ammonium-based ILs have therefore been examined as solvents for the extraction of various metal ions from acidic nitrate- and chloride-containing aqueous phases by dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 (DCH18C6). Although the overall metal ion extraction behavior in these systems is similar to that observed for 1, 3-dialkylimidazolium-based ILs, significant differences in metal ion separation factors (e.g., α_Sr/Na) are observed under certain conditions, differences that may be sufficient to influence the choice of IL in separations applications.     

离子液体用于金属离子萃取的研究进展

作为一种重要绿色溶剂的离子液体,因其具有独特的物理化学特性,故其在分离领域的研究一直处于活跃状态。本文介绍了离子液体作为稀释剂应用于金属离子萃取分离过程的研究进展,着重梳理讨论了含有萃取剂的离子液体萃取体系中阳离交换和阴离子作用两种萃取机理。     

离子液体在萃取脱硫研究中的应用进展

论述了离子液体应用于燃料油萃取脱硫的发展历程,通过对比萃取脱硫、萃取耦合化学氧化脱硫、萃取联合催化氧化脱硫三种不同体系的脱硫机理与技术优势,探究了离子液体的萃取性、催化性、氧化性及其再生问题。阐述了离子液体在燃料油脱硫领域的发展趋势。     

离子液体在制备金属纳米粒子中的应用

金属纳米材料是一种具有优异性能的新型功能材料,使用范围非常广泛。离子液体作为一种绿色环保溶剂与传统溶剂相比具有很多特殊性质,为金属纳米粒子的制备开辟了一条新途径。本文就近年来国内外相关研究进展,对离子液体在金属纳米颗粒制备中的应用进行综述。     

离子液体在萃取分离中的应用

室温离子液体是由正负离子组成的室温为液体的熔融盐,因其具有极低的蒸汽压、可设计性和特殊的选择溶解能力等独特的性质,使得其在萃取分离有机物及金属离子、液相微萃取和汽油柴油中脱硫及碱性氮化物等领域都有着广泛应用。综述了离子液体在萃取分离上的应用进展。     

Desulfurization of Real Fuel Oils by Extraction with Ionic Liquids

Aromatic 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide ([C₄mim][N(CN)₂]) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide ([C₂mim][N(CN)₂]) ionic liquids are tested for their performance in the extractive desulfurization of real FCC gasoline and diesel fuel. [C₄mim][N(CN)₂] has proven to be more effective than [C₂mim][N(CN)₂] in removing sulfur from fuels and was thus selected to undergo a series of further tests. A competitive desulfurization efficiency of nearly 40% and 30% was realized with [C₄mim][N(CN)₂] for diesel fuel and gasoline, respectively, in a single extraction at <1 h, 25°C, and 1:1(w/w)IL:fuel. The influence of IL:fuel mass ratio, temperature, and multiple extractions on S-extraction efficiency is investigated, and the result tends to favor large-scale industrial application. This high efficiency obtained at low temperature, together with the insensitivity of the Nernst partition coefficient on desulfurization efficiency, is industrially favorable because not much energy and cost are required. The influence of mass ratios is not obvious, but to some degree, the Nernst partition coefficients depend on the mass ratio, suggesting that this extraction is not a completely physically-determined extraction. This work offers a significant contribution to the production of clean oils by extraction with ionic liquids.     

Ionic Liquids as Extracting Agents for Heavy Metals

The development of applications of ionic liquids in extraction processes stretches back to the mid-1960s when the first studies on ionic liquid- based extractions were published. Since then, the interest of both academics and the industrial community on the development of ionic liquids-based technologies is continuously growing. The main driving force of ionic liquid engineering is to combine their “environmentally friendly” properties (e.g., extremely low vapor pressure) and their unique reactivity and miscibility behavior in order to improve the current “state of the art” technologies. The focus of this review is on the application of ionic liquid in heavy metal extraction processes. The critical aspects of their journey from academic curiosity towards industrial application are highlighted.     

离子液体在萃取分离中的应用

在查阅了大量的国内外文献资料的基础上,介绍了近几年离子液体研究应用的进展。综述了离子液体在萃取分离过程中的应用,并展望了离子液体在分离方面的应用前景和发展方向。     

离子液体的合成研究进展

综述了离子液体的合成研究进展,具体的合成方法包括：传统的一步和两步合成法;新型的超声波辅助合成、微波辅助合成、电化学合成和液液萃取法。对一步和两步合成法进行分析和比较;对新型超声波辅助、微波辅助、电化学合成和液液萃取等合成方法的工艺流程进行分析,发现超声波辅助、微波辅助可以大幅度缩短合成时间,电化学合成和液液萃取法可以得到高纯度的离子液体。     

具有羧酸官能团的功能性离子液体萃取分离钇的研究(英文)

A new kind of hydrophobic ionic liquids [1-alkyl-3-(1-carboxylpropyl)im][PF6] has been synthesized,and their extraction properties for Y(III) in the nitric acid medium was also investigated.The effects of extractant concentration,equilibrium pH of aqueous phase,salt concentration,temperature etc.were discussed.The results show that this kind of Task-Specific Ionic Liquid(TSIL) needs to be saponified before being used for the Y(III) ex-traction,and the extraction is acid dependent,and the extraction efficiency increases with the aqueous phase acidity decreasing.Furthermore,the loaded organic phase is easy to be stripped;more than 95% Y(III) could be stripped from the loaded organic phase when the stripping acidity is higher than 0.07 mol?L?1.The slope analysis technique is used to investigate the extraction mechanism,and a possible cation-exchange extraction mechanism is proposed in the present extraction system.     

疏水性离子液体用于萃取酚类物质

测定了苯酚、苯基酚、苯二酚等几种不同取代基的酚类物质在疏水性离子液体[bmim]PF6(1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐)和[dmim]PF6(1-癸基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐)与水两相中的分配系数. 实验结果表明,萃取过程很快可以达到平衡. 与传统有机溶剂相比,分配系数处在同一个数量级. 分配系数随温度升高而降低,离子液体对不同取代基的酚类萃取能力有很大差异,咪唑基团上取代烷基链的长度对不同酚类物质的分配系数有很大影响,因此可以通过调节离子液体结构使其适用于不同成分的含酚废水.     

L-脯氨酸为阴离子的手性离子液体的合成、表征及光学活性

以L-脯氨酸为手性源,合成了四种烷基咪唑手性离子液体,并进行了结构表征。烷基咪唑溴化物离子液体经与氢氧化钾碱化后再与氨基酸中和反应制得产物,探索了合适的反应条件。测定了产物的比旋光度,考察了各产物的光学纯度。     

The Radiation Chemistry of Ionic Liquids: A Review

Ionic liquids have received increasing attention as media for radiochemical separations. Recent literature includes examinations of the efficiencies and mechanisms of the solvent extraction of lanthanides, actinides, and fission products into ionic liquid solutions. For radiochemical applications including as potential replacement solvents for nuclear fuel reprocessing, a thorough understanding of the radiation chemistry of ionic liquids will be required. Such an understanding can be achieved based upon a combination of steady-state radiolysis experiments coupled with post-irradiation product identification and pulse-radiolysis experiments to acquire kinetic information. These techniques allow for the elucidation of radiolytic mechanisms. This contribution reviews the current ionic liquid radiation chemistry literature as it affects separations, with these considerations in mind.     

Liquid Phase Extraction and Separation of Noble Organometallic Catalysts by Functionalized Ionic Liquids

Abstract

The separation of two noble organometallic catalysts from a homogeneous organic phase was investigated using liquid phase extraction with functionalized ionic liquids. Thirteen functionalized ionic liquids containing amino, hydroxy, thioether, carboxylic, or olefin functional groups were prepared by a standard neutralization method. The extractions of Jacobsen's catalyst and Wilkinson's catalyst were conducted using the functionalized ionic liquids as the extraction phase without adding any other metal complexing extractant. The distribution factors between the ionic liquid (IL) phase and toluene (organic solution phase) demonstrated that the functional groups in ILs exhibited moderate to high affinity with the metal complexes. The influence of the ionic liquid structure on the distribution factors was also investigated.     

Investigation of Ionic Liquids for the Separation of Butanol and Water

Abstract

With the continual rise in the cost of fossil fuel based energy, research into economic and sustainable alternatives is of increasing importance. One significant source of increased cost and demand is the consumption of fossil fuels for automotive fuels. While ethanol has received the most attention as a fuel additive; butanol could be a better direct fuel alternative owing to its physical properties and energy value when compared to ethanol. Commercial butanol is nearly exclusively produced from petroleum feedstocks currently; however, some recent interest has begun to refocus on its generation via fermentation. Unfortunately, this production is limited due to the nature of the process and the use of energy-intensive separation techniques. Ionic liquids are novel green solvents that have the potential to be employed as an extraction agent to remove butanol from the aqueous fermentation media. A hurdle to this potential is the limited availability of solubility data for ionic liquids. This research investigates the phase behavior of two ionic liquids, butanol, and water. Additionally, issues related to the implementation of the investigated ionic liquids are discussed.     

Extraction of Uranyl Ion Using 2-Thenoyltrifluoro Acetone (HTTA) in Room Temperature Ionic Liquids

The extraction of UO₂²⁺ ion was studied using six different solvent systems containing 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone (HTTA) in room temperature ionic liquids such as [C_nmim][X] (where, n = 4, 6, or 8 and X^? = PF₆^? or NTf₂^?) from low to moderate pH solutions for the first time. The extraction kinetics studies indicated rather slow attainment of equilibrium which in some cases improved if the solutions were pre-equilibrated with the aqueous phase prior to the actual experiments. The D_U values were found to increase with increasing pH and leading to a plateau like profile at higher pH values. The D values were quite high as compared to that obtained with molecular diluents. The nature of the extracted species was ascertained by slope analysis method which suggested species of the type: UO₂(TTA)⁺_IL, UO₂(TTA)_2,IL, and UO₂(TTA)₂(HTTA)_IL in different ionic liquid based solvents. Temperature variation studies on UO₂²⁺ ion extraction were also carried out and the thermodynamic parameters were calculated which indicated high endothermicity of the reactions with large positive entropy values.