Application of Response Surface Methodology for Optimization of Bromelain Extraction in Aqueous Two-Phase System

Extraction of bromelain from pineapple fruit in an aqueous two phase system (ATPS) composed of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 1500 and potassium phosphate has been studied using response surface methodology. The various process variables such as PEG, potassium phosphate and NaCl concentration, and pH were optimized using a central composite rotatable design (CCRD) of response surface methodology (RSM) based on the partition coefficient, % yield, and purification factor of an enzyme. An optimized ATPS composed of 14% (w/w) PEG 1500, 17.66% (w/w) potassium phosphate and 1 mM sodium chloride at pH 7.5 was used to purify bromelain from a pineapple fruit. With this system, a maximum enzyme partition coefficient of 12.62 and %yield of 90.33 in the top PEG-rich phase with a purification factor of 2.4 was predicted. The enzyme partition coefficient, % yield, and purification factor obtained from experimentation are 12.22, 89.65, and 2.8, respectively, in the top PEG phase. The response model is validated by the closeness between the predicted and experimental results.     

双水相萃取技术研究现状

近年来,双水相萃取(ATPE)已经发展成由计算机控制、在常规萃取设备中、能连续操作的分离技术。介绍了传统双水相体系(ATPS)和新型ATPS的特征、分相机理、工业应用的优缺点,指出寻找低成本易回收可循环利用的ATPS组成物质和对预分离物质有更高选择性的ATPS组成物质是研发新型ATPS的方向。论述了ATPS液液平衡的热力学模型、分配系数的关联方法,指出提高选择性及分离效率是ATPE应用研究的方向,指出总结分配系数影响因素规律、修正液液平衡的热力学模型是ATPE理论研究的方向。     

响应面优化淫羊藿抗氧化多酚超声提取工艺

以总多酚得率和DPPH自由基清除率为指标,采用响应面设计法优化淫羊藿抗氧化活性多酚超声提取工艺。结果表明以多酚得率为指标时,最佳工艺条件为：57％乙醇,料液比28 mL／g,在50℃下超声提取25 min,总多酚得率为34．58 mg／g;以DPPH自由基清除率为指标时,最佳工艺条件为：58％乙醇,料液比30 mL／g,在50℃下超声提取22 min, DPPH自由基清除率为88．4％。     

双水相萃取技术的应用进展

主要介绍了双水相萃取的基本要点及应用特点,综述了近三年来双水相萃取技术在生物工程、药物成分提取分离、环境中有害物分离测定及与其它方法配合使用等方面的应用,探讨了双水相萃取技术的应用前景.     

双水相体系萃取木瓜蛋白酶的研究

采用聚乙二醇(PEG)/(NH4)2SO4双水相体系对木瓜蛋白酶进行萃取分离,研究了PEG相对分子量、PEG质量分数、(NH4)2SO4质量分数和pH值对木瓜蛋白酶分配系数及酶活力回收率的影响.结果表明,最佳萃取条件为:PEG4000质量分数6%、(NH4)2SO4质量分数18%、pH值6.0,在此条件下,木瓜蛋白酶的...     

Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Puerarin from Radix Puerariae using Response Surface Methodology

Statistical experimentical designs were applied to optimize microwave-assisted extraction of puerarin from Radix Puerariae. The most important factors affecting the extraction procedure were determined using a Plackett-Burman design. Results indicated that the concentration of ethanol, solvent-material ratio, extraction time, and microwave power were the main factors affecting the extraction yield. These factors were further optimized using a central composite design and response surface methodology. The optimal extraction parameters were ethanol concentration of 52.36%, microwave irradiation time of 60 s, microwave power of 184.8 W and solvent-material ratio of 25:1(mL/g). The average experimental puerarin yield under the optimum conditions was found to be 11.97 mg/g, which agreed with the predicted value of 11.8 mg/g. The proposed method shows high degree of reproducibility.     

响应面分析优化霉酚酸发酵培养基

借助Design Expert 7.0软件,对霉酚酸发酵培养基的主要成分进行优化研究。首先采用全因子设计找出玉米浆和蔗糖为影响霉酚酸产量的主要因素,通过最陡爬坡法逼近最大响应区域,再利用中心组合设计及响应面分析法进行回归分析,求得两因素的最优水平：玉米浆98 g/L,蔗糖53 g/L。经验证,发酵培养基优化后菌株产量提高了38.2%。     

蒸汽爆破提取银杏叶黄酮类化合物的工艺研究

采用新近发展的蒸汽爆破技术对银杏叶进行预处理提取黄酮类物质,通过单因素实验,采用响应面法进行处理过程中的多因素组合的工艺优化,研究汽爆压力、汽爆时间、固液比对黄酮提取效率的影响,建立并分析了各因素与处理后黄酮提取率的数学模型。得到的优化条件为:汽爆压力0.38 MPa,汽爆时间235 s,固液比1∶15。与传统有机溶剂提取法相比,蒸汽爆破预处理使提取率提高了2.1倍。     

基于响应曲面法优化文冠果种仁油的提取工艺研究

以文冠果种仁为原料,利用响应曲面法优化文冠果种仁油的提取工艺。在单因素实验的基础上,应用Box-Behnken设计方法建立数学模型,选择提取温度、提取时间和液料比为影响因子,以文冠果种仁油提取率为响应值,进行响应曲面分析。确定文冠果种仁油的最佳提取工艺条件为：提取温度58℃、提取时间31 min、液料比6∶1（mL∶g）,在此条件下文冠果种仁油的平均提取率为59.58%,与模型高度拟合。     

Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Artemisinin from Artemisia annua L. by Response Surface Methodology

Artemisinin is a compound extracted from Artemisia annua L. with a remarkable curative effect against malaria. It can be extracted using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and then detected via HPLC. In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize UAE conditions for obtaining the maximum yield of artemisinin. Three independent variables (ratio of solvent to material, extraction temperature, and ultrasonic power) were evaluated using the Box-Behnken experimental design, with the yield of artemisinin as a response variable. Experimental data were highly fitted to a mathematical-regression model using multiple linear regression (MLR). Based on response surface plots, the three independent variables exhibited interactive effects on the yield of artemisinin. The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: 42.71 mL/g ratio of solvent to material, 41.86°C extraction temperature and 120 W ultrasonic power. The predicted yield of artemisinin by model was 0.7848%, whereas the actual yield in the extracts was 0.7826% ± 0.0790% in adjusted optimal conditions, with a relative error of 0.28%. The results undoubtedly demonstrated that RSM could be used to explore the optimum conditions of artemisinin extraction.     

Optimization of Process Parameters for Water Extraction of Stevioside using Response Surface Methodology

Hot water extraction process was used for the extraction of steviosides from dry stevia leaves. The independent variables were, leaf to water ratio (1:5 to 1:20), heating time (10 to 120 min), and temperature (30 to 90°C). The combined effects of these independent variables on the extracted stevioside concentration and color of the extract were studied. For optimizing the extraction process, central composite rotatable design in combination with response surface methodology was used. Significant regression models with coefficient of determination greater than 0.90 were established to study the effect of independent variables on the responses. The optimum conditions are: temperature of water: 78°C, time of heating: 56 min and leaf to water ratio: 1:14 (g:mL).     

Response Surface Methodology and Artificial Neural Networks for Optimization of Catalytic Esterification of Lactic Acid

Response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) models were employed to study the esterification of lactic acid and isoamyl alcohol. A carbon-based solid acid catalyst prepared by wet impregnation was used in the esterification reaction. Experimental characterization revealed its potential to serve as catalyst for the esterification reaction. The experiments were performed based on the design of experiments provided by RSM and ANN models. Both models were compared on the basis of prediction efficacies and deviation from actual data. The prediction data results demonstrated that the ANN model gave better prediction efficiency and lower prediction deviation than the RSM model. The ANN model provided a higher coefficient of determination and lower error values than the RSM model. Moreover, the catalyst exhibited a good stability and recyclability up to four reaction cycles.     

响应面法优化微波辅助提取板栗壳色素

以板栗壳为原料,利用微波辅助提取板栗壳中的棕色素。在单因素实验的基础上,运用响应面分析法进一步对板栗壳色素的微波提取条件进行优化,并研究了各因素间的交互作用。研究结果表明,在重复提取3次的条件下,当1.0wt%Na HCO3为提取溶剂、料-液比为1∶25(g/m L)、辐照时间为6 min、微波功率为462 W,再将粗提液经酸沉、重结晶后,板栗壳色素的提取率达到了15.5%。响应面分析结果显示,功率对提取效率的影响最为显著,表明微波法可较好地应用于板栗壳棕色素的提取。     

星点设计-效应面法优化白芷超临界CO2萃取工艺

采用星点设计-效应面法优化白芷超临界CO2萃取工艺。以萃取温度、夹带剂浓度和萃取时间为自变量,以总香豆素得率为因变量对自变量各水平进行多元线性回归和二项式拟合,用效应面法选取最佳工艺条件,并进行预测分析。得到的最佳萃取条件为:萃取温度54℃、夹带剂浓度43%、萃取时间97 min,在此条件下总香豆素得率可达0.212%,与预测值的偏差为-2.42%。利用星点设计-效应面法优化白芷萃取工艺,方法简便,预测性良好。     

Supercritical CO2 Extraction Optimization of Onion Oil Using Response Surface Methodology

Response surface methodology was employed to optimize the conditions of supercritical CO₂ extraction of the oil from freeze‐dried onion powder. The effects of pressure, temperature and extraction time on the yield of oil were investigated. The maximum extraction yield of 4.69 ± 0.04 g/kg dry basis was achieved at a pressure of 20.6 MPa, a temperature of 40.6 °C, a time of 260 min, a CO₂ flow rate of 22 L h^–1, and an entrainer ratio of 0.1 mL absolute ethanol per gram dry basis. The chemical composition of the oil was analyzed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. The most representative compounds of the essential oil were organosulfur‐containing compounds and, among these, the main constituents were methyl 5‐methylfuryl sulfide (18.30 %), methyl 3,4‐dimethyl‐2‐thienyl disulfide (11.75 %) and 1‐propenyl propyl disulfide (9.72 %).     

Extraction of Puerarin using Ionic Liquid Based Aqueous Two-Phase Systems

Various ionic liquid-based aqueous two-phase systems (IL-ATPS) were evaluated to extract puerarin. The results indicated that the nature of ILs, the salting-out ability of salt, and the acidity and basicity of the salt-rich solution had important influence on the extraction efficiency. Various factors were optimized systematically, that is, the amount of IL, salt, puerarin, and short-chain alcohol. Under the optimal experimental conditions (the amount of K₂HPO₄ 0.30–0.42 g/mL, [Bmim]Br 0.30–0.36 g/mL and 1.0 mL puerarin stock solution), the extraction efficiency of puerarin was over 99% by a single-step extraction, which indicated that the evaluated IL-ATPS was a prospective extraction medium. Finally, the IL-ATPS was successfully used to extract puerarin from Radix Puerariae Lobatae extracts.     

响应面法优化微波辅助萃取柠檬皮中果胶的研究

该文以离子液体[BMIM]Cl(氯化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑)水溶液为萃取剂,采用微波辅助萃取技术提取柠檬皮中的果胶,系统考察了[BMIM]Cl浓度、萃取温度、萃取时间和萃取溶剂体积等因素的影响,并通过响应面法对提取工艺进行了优化,得出最佳工艺条件为[BMIM]Cl浓度1.0 mol/L,萃取温度88℃,萃取时间9.6 min,每克干柠檬皮用萃取溶剂22.7 mL,在该条件下,果胶的提取率为24.68%,与拟合的二次回归模型预测值基本相符。     

Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Astaxanthin from Haematococcus Pluvialis by Response Surface Methodology and Antioxidant Activities of the Extracts

Abstract

Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was applied for the extraction of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis and response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize extraction parameters to the content of astaxanthin. Four independent variables such as microwave power (W), extraction time (sec), solvent volume (mL), and the number of extraction were optimized in this paper. The optimal conditions were determined and tri-dimensional response surfaces were plotted from the mathematical models. The F-test and p-value indicated that microwave power, extraction time, the number of extraction, and their quadratic had a highly significant effect on the response value (p <0.01), then the solvent volume and the interaction effects of microwave power and the number of extraction also displayed significant effect (p <0.05). Considering the extraction efficiency, the optimized conditions of MAE were as follows: microwave power was 141 W, extraction time 83 sec, solvent volume 9.8 mL, the number of extraction four times. About 594 ± 3.02 µg astaxanthin was extracted from Haematococcus pluvialis the dried powders (100 mg) under the optimal conditions, and it close to the predicted contents (592 µg). The antioxidant activities of the extracts obtained under optimal conditions were analyzed, and the results showed that the extracts presented strong ability of inhibiting the peroxidantion of linoleic acid, exhibited strong radical-scavenging properties against the DPPH, as well as strong reducing power.     

Potassium Phosphate Salts-Based Aqueous Two-Phase Systems Applied in the Extraction of Gallic Acid from Guava

Aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) consisting of potassium phosphate salt + alcohol or polyethylene glycol were investigated to extract gallic acid. The partitioning process was studied using purity gallic acid (GA). The constituents either promote the partition process of GA to bottom or top phase, leading to the creation of versatile systems. The salt acts as a drive force of process because it influences the value of phase pH, and consequently the deprotonation of biomolecule and its partition. The results using GA from guava are in close agreement with the model systems, validating the experimental data and supporting their applicability in real systems.     

响应面法优化超声波辅助提取豹皮樟多酚工艺

在单因素试验的基础上,选定提取时间、液固比、超声波功率为自变量,以多酚得率为响应值,采用Box-Benhnken法设计3因素3水平的响应面分析试验优化超声波辅助提取豹皮樟多酚工艺。结果表明,回归模型拟合度高,最佳工艺条件为： 5 g样品,提取时间22 min,液固比21：1（mL：g,下同）,超声波功率300 W,在此条件下,豹皮樟多酚得率可达3.76%。