人参皂苷Re分子印迹整体柱的制备与吸附研究

以人参皂苷Re作为模板分子,甲基丙烯酸为功能单体,二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯为交联剂,异丙醇和十二醇为致孔剂,偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂,原位热引发聚合制备人参皂苷Re分子印迹整体柱,并考察整体柱对Re的分离与吸附性能。结果表明,实验最适流动相为V(甲醇)∶V(水)=40∶60,整体柱的分离因子为1.769,采用迎头法测定吸附等温线,表明吸附遵循反Langmiur型等温线模型,饱和吸附量为0.247 mg/g,整体柱表现出对Re的特异性吸附性能。扫描电镜表明,聚合物内部形成独特孔隙结构,利于流动相的流动和模板分子的传质。     

Removal of Lead in a Fixed-Bed Column Packed with Activated Carbon and Crab Shell

ABSTRACT

Crab shell particles (Protunus trituberculatus) and activated carbon (Norit 0,8 SUPRA) were used as packing materials in a fixed-bed column. When 1 g crab shell was added in a column packed with 10 g activated carbon, breakthrough occurred at 1500 bed volumes as compared to 380 bed volumes for 10 g activated carbon only. The addition of crab shell particles into an activated carbon column resulted in an increased uptake of lead. The dramatic improvement might be attributed to an increase in and OH^? available for binding lead. From the results of SEM, XRD, and FT-IR analyses, the major mechanism of lead removal was based on dissolution of CaCO₃ in the crab shell followed by precipitation of Pb₃(CO₃)₂(OH)2(s) on the surface of activated carbon. The lead uptake increased twofold when the influent lead concentration was increased from 10 to 50 mg/L.     

乙醇-水二元体系中水在玉米粉上吸附平衡测定

通过吸附-脱附试验,获得了乙醇-水二元混合气体中水在玉米粉上的吸附等温线。在乙醇-水二元体系中,由于两组分竞争吸附的存在,水在玉米粉上的平衡吸附量小于纯水-惰性气体下的水的平衡吸附量;二元体系中乙醇与水的吸附总量对温度更加敏感。乙醇的存在对于水的吸附曲线形状没有显著的改变,仍然可以用Sircar、GAB以及吸附势的大孔/无孔模型进行较好的拟合。     

Adsorption properties of a chelating resin containing hydroxy group and iminodiacetic acid for copper ions

A chelating resin, PSGI, was synthesized by the radical polymerization of GMA‐IDA, DVB, and styrene for the removal of Cu(II), Co(II), and Cd(II) from an aqueous solution. The characteristic functional groups and chemical composition of PSGI were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis of C, H, and N. The equilibrium adsorption capacities of PSGI from their single‐metal ion solutions were 1.46 mmol/g for Cu(II), 1.02 mmol/g for Co(II), and 1.10 mmol/g for Cd(II). The adsorption isothermal of Cu(II) by PSGI followed the Langmuir isotherm. Increasing the concentration (0–0.1 M) of KCl in Cu(II) solution affected the adsorption behavior slightly. Within the pH range of 2–5.5, decreasing the pH of the Cu(II) solution did not produce remarkable changes in the equilibrium adsorption capacities. The adsorption capacities of PSGI for Cu(II) did not cause significant change during the repeated adsorption–desorption operations. The competitive adsorption tests verified that this resin had good adsorption selectivity for Cu(II) with the coexistence of Co(II) and Cd(II). © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 2123–2130, 2004     

Water Purification from Heavy Metal Ions in a Packed Column

The process of adsorption from water solutions containing ternary system of Cu(II), Zn(II) and Ni(II) ions in time-variable conditions in a packed column with lyophilized chitosan beads is considered. The system of partial differential equations describing the adsorption column, due to the assumption of a properly defined variable is transformed into a system of ordinary nonlinear equations which enables the identification of object parameters in simple experiments. Analytical solution of that system was possible due to the assumptions made regarding the equation describing sorption kinetics. Using experimental data, the effective diffusion coefficient D_eff and the sorption kinetic constants K in the real environment were identified. The sorption capacity q* was obtained in separate sorption equilibrium experiments. Using a mathematical model the influence of initial concentration and solution flow rate on the breakthrough curve was determined. The approach which is presented provides a new method for modeling of sorption in a packed column.     

C2H4/CO2混合体系在活性炭上吸附的实验与模型

通过重量法测定吸附等温线,研究了C2H4/CO2混合体系在活性炭上的吸附分离。采用高精度的智能重量分析仪,测定了C2H4和CO2纯组分以及混合组分在活性炭上的吸附等温线,将测量值与DL-IAST模型计算值进行比较,并计算出了C2H4的吸附选择性。结果表明,DL-IAST模型可以准确地描述C2H4和CO2纯组分在活性炭上的吸附;不同摩尔分数下,C2H4/CO2混合体系的DL-IAST模型计算值与实验值吻合得较好,C2H4摩尔分数越大,模型的相对偏差就越小;随着压力的增加,C2H4的吸附选择性减小,C2H4摩尔分数越大,C2H4的吸附选择性也减小。DL-IAST可以准确地描述C2H4/CO2混合体系的吸附等温线以及推算出C2H4的吸附选择性。     

Heavy Metal Adsorption to a Chelating Resin in a Binary Solid Fluidized Bed

The addition of inert particles of lighter density and smaller diameter increases considerably the mass transfer coefficient in comparison to that of mono‐component active particles at the same liquid velocity. This effect was applied to elimination of copper ions by adsorption on a chelating resin. An intensification of the film mass transfer coefficient in binary system leads to a 15 % increase of the usable adsorbent efficiency.     

填料塔精馏过程的建模与优化

通过对填料塔的等板高度的计算，将填料塔精馏过程的建模问题转化为一个理论筛板塔的建模问题，简化了建模过程的复杂性，并推算出灵敏板的位置和灵敏板温度，同时提出了优化操作的合理、可行的建议。     

前沿分析法测定葡萄糖在制备色谱柱上的吸附等温线

吸附等温线对模拟移动床色谱操作参数的模拟和优化具有重要的指导意义。以前沿分析法测定65℃下葡萄糖在离子树脂色谱柱上的吸附等温线,实验结果表明该行为符合anti-langmuir吸附模型。用所求模型参数预测脉冲实验,模拟结果较好,验证了测定的模型参数准确可靠。     

A New Method for Determination of the Adsorption Isotherm of SDS on Polystyrene Latex Particles Using Conductometric Titrations

Monodisperse polystyrene (PS) latex particles were prepared through a conventional batch emulsion polymerization procedure. After cleaning, the latex was subjected to a surfactant titration by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and the conductivity was monitored. Using the break point in the conductivity‐concentration curve, the adsorption area of the surfactant molecules at saturation, A_s, was determined as 46 Ų per SDS molecule. In order to determine the contribution of the different ionic species to the conductivity, a simple model based on experimental conductivity measurements was developed. The degrees of counterion binding to the micelles and to the surfactant anions adsorbed onto polymer particles were calculated as 0.770 and 0.849, respectively. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm was determined for the adsorption of SDS onto PS latex particles with Γ_∞ = 7.257 · 10^–10 mol/cm² and K = 1.208 · 10⁵ cm³/mol.     

倒锥型真空填料精馏塔的性能

在倒锥型塔中,采用两种小型散装高效填料和三种回流比,在5～50 mmHg的塔压范围内,就塔压、空塔汽速、回流比、填料类型和塔的结构等诸要素对真空填料精馏塔的传质性能和流体力学性能的影响进行了研究,并与文献报导的直塔和四段塔进行了比较。实验结果表明,锥型塔在传质和流体力学性能两方面,都较为优越。作者还推导了一个能较好地描述锥型塔传质特性的数学模型。     

XDA-8大孔树脂对高浓度咖啡因的吸附热力学研究

测定了不同温度下极性大孔吸附树脂XDA-8对高浓度咖啡因的吸附等温线,并采用Langmuir吸附等温方程进行了拟合,在此基础上对吸附行为进行了热力学研究.结果表明,Langmuir吸附等温方程对吸附过程拟合程度很高,XDA-8大孔树脂对咖啡因的吸附为单分子层吸附;XDA-8大孔树脂吸附咖啡因是一个放热过程,升高温度使其...     

Adsorption of Ce(IV) Ions from Aqueous Solution by Silica Aerogels

The adsorption process of Ce(IV) ions from aqueous solution by the silica aerogels was studied. The silica aerogels with hydrophobicity were prepared by the sol-gel process, supercritical drying, and heat treatment. The SEM image and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm show that the heat-treated silica aerogel was a co-continuous porous structure with high BET surface area and narrow pore size distribution. The adsorption of Ce(IV) ions onto the silica aerogels was found to be fitted well by pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm model. The activation energy for Ce(IV) adsorption onto silica aerogels could be calculated to be about 17.88 kJ/mol, which implied that the attractive forces of adsorption were weak electrostatic forces accompanying most ion-exchange reactions. The thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic.     

填料型预碳化塔的数学模型与模拟 ‘

硕酸化反应为一典型的连串、可逆放热反应,液膜内的快反应与液相本体的慢反应相互耦合,共同决定着ＣＯ２的化学吸收速率。本文在以往工作的基础上,通过对碳化机理和动力学的全面分析,建立了填料型预碳化塔的数学模型。对有关工业过程进行了模拟,指出了影响填料行为的关键因素并提出了相应的改进措施。     

Experimental Investigation and CFD Modeling of Hydrodynamic Parameters in a Pulsed Packed Column

In this work, a combination of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and droplet population-balance model (DPBM) in the framework of Fluent was applied to simulate the drop-size distributions and flow fields in a pilot-plant liquid–liquid extraction pulsed packed column. The three-dimensional unsteady-state liquid–liquid flow was modeled using the Eulerian two-fluid equations in conjunction with the realizable k – ε turbulence model. The classes method (CM) was chosen for solving population-balance equations. Two models for breakage and coalescence, the models of Luo and Garthe, were used in the CFD code. The model was validated by comparing the simulated drop-size distributions and holdup with experimental measurements. After the validation of the model, the effects of the operating conditions (feed rates and pulsation) on the dispersed phase holdup and drop-size distributions were studied. The results of linked CFD-DPBM model and experiments revealed that the dispersed phase holdup was increased when the organic and aqueous flow rates increased and when the intensity of pulse was increased, the holdup increased. Increasing the dispersed and continuous feed rates caused the Sauter mean diameter of the drops decreased and when the intensity of pulse was increased, because of high droplets break up rate, the Sauter mean diameter decreased. Results of linked CFD-DPBM model show that the CFD-DPBM tool is able to predict hydrodynamic parameters in a pulsed packed column.     

板波纹填料塔中的液体分布

根据透明有机波纹填料片内染色液体流动分布的实验研究 ,提出了板波纹填料塔内液体流动模型 ,并对真实填料塔进行了实例计算 ,所得结果对于填料塔实际操作具有指导意义     

ZH-03树脂对苯酚和2,4-二氯苯酚的吸附机理研究

在静态条件下,研究了水溶液中新型树脂ZH-03吸附苯酚和2,4-二氯苯酚的热力学特性,测定了在288k、303k、318k和下降到288k温度下的吸附等温线。结果表明,在稀溶液中ZH-03吸附剂对苯酚和2,4-二氯苯酚的吸附同时符合Langm u ir和F reund lich模型。该树脂对苯酚的吸附是一个放热过程,而对2,4-二氯苯酚的吸附属于吸热过程,同时不同温度下的吸附等温线和热力学计算结果都证明了在树脂ZH-03对2,4-二氯苯酚吸附行为中存在着化学吸附。     

脉冲填料萃取塔的绿色设计

在用脉冲填料塔（以苯为溶剂）萃取硫酸铵水溶液中己内酰胺的过程中,由于设备正常操作时溶剂泄漏以及公用工程中锅炉燃油燃烧,部分苯和有害气体排放到大气中,对环境产生不可忽视的影响.今根据绿色设计思想,引入化学物质环境影响因子和化学物质边际环境损害的概念,将萃取塔和溶剂回收塔中泄漏的苯,以及锅炉燃烧排放的硫、氮氧化物、二氧化碳等化学物质引起的环境损害进行了量化,并综合考虑萃取过程的经济成本（设备和操作成本）和环境影响,提出了新的设计目标函数,优化确定了脉冲填料塔的绿色设计结果,并与传统设计结果作了比较.     

Adsorption of 1-Butanethiol from kerosene oil on red mud

Adsorption studies indicate that low concentration and high temperature favour the removal of 1-butanethiol from kerosene oil by adsorption on red mud. A first order mechanism has been proposed to describe the adsorption in the present system. Equilibrium data at different temperatures fit well in the Langmuir isotherm equation. Thermodynamic parameters for the present system indicate the feasibility of removal of 1-butanethiol from kerosene oil by adsorption on red mud.