三烷基氧膦(TRPO)萃取有机羧酸的研究

络合萃取法对有机物稀溶液的分离具有高效性和高选择性。选择甲酸、乙酸、一氯乙酸、二氯乙酸、三氯乙本酸为分离对象,三烷基氧膦（TRPO）为络合剂,煤油为稀释剂,进行了系统的萃取相平衡实验。结果表明,溶质的pKa对络合萃取影响起主导作用。红外光谱定性分析表明,TRPO萃取有机羧酸为氢键溶剂比历程,负载有机酸的TRPO中的P＝0吸收峰的位移与有机羧酸的酸性有关。采用质量作用定量定律分析方法,建立了相平衡分配系数的表达式,模型拟合精度是令人满意的。     

三烷基氧磷络合萃取邻氨基苯酚的研究

络合萃取技术对极性有机物稀溶液的分离具有高效性和高选择性,然而对同时具有Lewis酸性和Lewis碱性两种官能团化合物的络合萃取研究得相对较少。为了探讨该技术对两性有机化合物萃取规律,今以三烷基氧磷（TRPO）为萃取剂,邻氨基苯酚为萃取溶质,研究了稀释剂种类、溶液pH值以及溶质浓度等因素对邻氨基苯酚稀溶液萃取平衡分配比的影响;根据可逆络合萃取的基本理论,提出了同时考虑萃取剂络合萃取作用和稀释剂物理萃取作用的分配比的表达式。并通过参数寻优求出邻氨基苯酚的物理萃取分配常数m和表观化学反应萃取平衡常数K。结果表明,邻氨基苯酚主要通过氢键缔合与OAP的中性分子发生络合反应而萃入有机相,其在惰性稀释剂煤油中的分配比大于其在极性稀释剂正辛醇中的分配比。     

TRPO Impregnated Levextrel Resin: Synthesis and Extraction Behavior of Zr (IV) and Nd (III) Ions

A novel kind of Levextrel resin with trialkylphosphine oxide (TRPO) extractant impregnated in the styrene-divinylbenzene copolymerization was synthesized. The extraction behavior of the resin toward Zr (IV) and Nd (III) ions was investigated by batch and column operations. The influence factors such as suspension system, porogen content, stirring rate, and temperature were systematically examined. The TRPO impregnated Levextrel resin showed excellent extraction ability toward the metal ions. The adsorption capacity of 47 mg/g for Zr (IV) ion and 48 mg/g for Nd (III) ion could be obtained in 1.0 g/L solutions. The fast kinetics in the extraction process was another noteworthy feature of the resin. The numerous micro- and macro-pores in the internal resin facilitated the mass transfer, and the equilibrium could be reached in only tens of minutes. Besides, the cyclic operations showed that the resin had a reliable performance and could be conveniently recovered. The TRPO impregnated Levextrel resin possesses the potential for the removal of the lanthanides and actinides ions in radioactive liquid waste.     

Studies on Third Phase Formation in the Extraction of Th(NO3)4 by Tri-iso-amyl Phosphate in n-alkane Diluents

Third phase formation in the extraction of Th(NO₃)₄ from its solution with near-zero free acidity by 1.1 M solutions of tri-iso-amyl phosphate (TiAP) in n-dodecane, n-tetradecane, n-hexadecane, and n-octadecane has been investigated as a function of equilibrium aqueous phase Th(IV) concentration at 303 K. Distribution of Th(NO₃)₄ between organic and aqueous phases as well as the variation of densities of organic phases in biphasic and triphasic regions for its extraction by the above-mentioned solvents have been investigated with respect to equilibrium aqueous phase Th(IV) concentration under the above experimental conditions. Data on the ratio of volume of the diluent-rich phase to that of third phase for various TiAP/n-alkane-Th(NO₃)₄-303 K systems have also been generated in the present study. The results obtained are compared with literature data available for tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) and tri-n-amyl phosphate (TAP) systems which were experimented under identical conditions.     

TRPO－磺化煤油萃取乳酸的影响因素

报导了萃取发酵Ｌ－乳酸中的萃取和反萃取行为的研究。结果表明，在萃取过程中，无机盐（ＭｇＳＯ４、ＺｎＳＯ４、ＫＨ２ＰＯ４）、乳酸钙、葡萄糖和溶液初始乳酸的浓度均对分配比ＤＬａ有明显的影响；并对９０℃热水的反萃取进行了研究。反分配比Ｄ′Ｌａ随有机相初始酸浓的增加而逐渐下降；还对萃取和反萃取机理作了初步的探索     

溶剂萃取法分离提取衣康酸

研究了溶剂萃取法提取衣康酸的工艺 .首先进行了萃取剂的选择 .研究了萃取剂浓度、pH值、萃取温度在不同萃取体系中对萃取衣康酸的影响 .并在实验基础上建立了相应萃取分配的数学模型     

Palladium Extraction by a Malonamide Derivative (DMDOHEMA) from Nitrate Media: Extraction Behavior and Third Phase Characterization

Liquid-liquid extraction of palladium(II) from nitric media was carried out using, N,N’–dimethyl,N,N’-dioctylhexylethoxymalonamide (DMDOHEMA) in n-heptane. To this purpose, various experimental parameters such as reaction time, extractant concentration, pH, and nitrate concentration were investigated in detail. Efficient extraction of palladium can then be achieved, with good distribution coefficients (D up to 10) and performing kinetics (equilibration time ca. 30 min). In some cases, a solid phase appears at the interface between aqueous and organic layers. It was characterized as a palladium(II) complex with DMDOHEMA with appropriate techniques, and the conditions of its formation are discussed.     

三烷基氧膦络合萃取一元有机羧酸

络合萃取法对极性有机物稀溶液的分离具有高效性和高选择性。选择甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸为分离对象 ,三烷基氧膦 (TRPO)为络合剂 ,煤油为稀释剂 ,进行了系统的萃取相平衡实验 ,测定了络合剂浓度、稀释剂组成等因素对萃取平衡分配系数的影响。实验结果表明 ,溶质的亲油性对络合萃取平衡影响起主导作用 ;随TRPO浓度增大 ,萃取平衡分配系数呈增大趋势 ;随溶质初始浓度增大 ,有机相的溶质浓度向饱和萃取量接近 ;饱和萃取量随络合剂浓度的增大而增大。对相平衡分配系数进行拟合 ,精度令人满意。     

Third Phase Formation in the Extraction of Th(NO3)4 by Tri-n-Butyl Phosphate and Tri-iso-Amyl Phosphate in n-Dodecane and n-Tetradecane from Nitric Acid Media

Binary solutions of tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) or tri-iso-amyl phosphate (TiAP) in n-dodecane or n-tetradecane (1.1 M) as diluents have been investigated for third phase formation in the extraction of Th(NO₃)₄ from its solutions with 1 M or 5 M HNO₃ as a function of equilibrium aqueous phase Th(IV) concentration ([Th(IV)]_aq,eq) at 303 K. Extraction isotherms for the extraction of Th(IV) and HNO₃ have been generated with respect to [Th(IV)]_aq,eq. The difference in density between the third phase and the diluent-rich phase as well as the diluent-rich phase and the pure diluent, ratio of volume of the diluent-rich phase to that of the third phase have also been determined over a wide range of [Th(IV)]_aq,eq in the triphasic region. An attempt has also been made to determine the extractant concentrations in the third phase and the diluent-rich phase in the extraction of Th(NO₃)₄ by the above solvents from its saturated solutions with 1 M and 5 M HNO₃.     

Plutonium Third Phase Formation in the 30% TBP/Nitric Acid/Hydrogenated Polypropylene Tetramer System

Abstract

A study on plutonium third phase formation in 30% TBP/nitric acid/hydrogenated polypropylene tetramer (HPT) was performed. Characterization studies of HPT indicate its composition to be a mixture of many highly branched alkanes with a volatility close to n‐undecane. This composition results in about a factor of two better resistance to Pu(IV) third phase formation than dodecane. At 7 M nitric acid in the aqueous phase, the presence of Pu(VI) was observed to substantially reduce the organic phase metal concentration necessary to induce phase splitting in both diluents. Spectroscopic investigation of mixed valence systems also suggest a prominent role for Pu(VI) in the formation of the dense organic phase. Accumulation of Pu(VI) in the heavy phase, as well as certain spectral features, suggest that Pu(VI) is forming a different species, possibly a plutonyl trinitrato, with a strong tendency to form third phase.     

利用TRPO-煤油/盐酸-ZrOCl_2萃取体系的第三相制备ZrO_2介孔材料

首次利用TRPO-煤油/HCl-Zr(Ⅳ)萃取体系中负载Zr(Ⅳ)的第三相作为模板和Zr(Ⅳ)源,采用冷冻的方法成功地制备了ZrO2介孔材料。并利用TG-DTA,TEM,XRD,N2吸附-脱附等方法对所制得的材料进行表征。     

Synergistic Enhancement and Separation of Zirconium(IV) and Hafnium(IV) with 3-Phenyl-4-Benzoyl-5-Isoxazolone in the Presence of Crown Ethers

Abstract

3-Phenyl-4-benzoyl-5-isoxazolone (HPBI) was synthesized and examined with regard to the synergistic solvent extraction behavior of zirconium(IV) and hafnium(IV) in the presence of various crown ethers (CEs), namely, 18-crown-6 (18C6), dicylohexano-18-crown-6 (DC18C6) and benzo-15-crown-5 (B15C5) from hydrochloric acid solutions. The results demonstrated that zirconium(IV) and hafnium(IV) were synergistically extracted into chloroform with mixtures of HPBI and CEs as ZrO(PBI)₂ · CE and HfO(PBI)₂ · CE, respectively. The complexation strength follows the order DC18C6 >18C6 > B15C5. The addition of CEs not only enhances the extraction efficiency of zirconium(IV) and hafnium(IV) but also significantly, especially in the presence of B15C5, improves the selectivity (Zr/Hf = 4.73) between these metal ions as compared to HPBI alone (Zr/Hf = 2.09). On the other hand, selectivity has been moderately decreased by the addition of 18C6 or DC18C6 to the metal-chelate system.     

磷酸三丁酯－煤油从浓酸溶液中萃取Zr的第三相行为

本文研究了磷酸三丁酯（ＴＢＰ）在煤油中从浓硝酸和盐酸溶液中对Ｚｒ（Ⅳ）的萃取，考察了室温了初始Ｚｒ浓度、ＴＢＰ浓度以及水相酸度对萃取的影响，同时确定了体系第二相的形成条件．发现酸同Ｚｒ被—同萃取，酸度越高则萃取率越大，较高的酸度和Ｚｒ（Ⅳ）浓度易使萃取有机相分相．用红外光谱研究了第三相的组成，用Ｋａｒｌ－Ｆｉｓｃｈｅｒ滴定法和电导率仪分别测定了第三相的水含量和比电导，对可能的萃合物结构进行了推测，认为从胶体化学看第三相可能是一种具有双连续相结构的微乳液．     

Studies on the Extraction of Actinides by Substituted Butyl Phosphonates

The extraction of actinides by homologs of dibutylalkyl phosphonates has been studied in detail. This study was taken up in order to understand the influence of the phosphorus-carbon bond in phosphonates on the extraction of actinides. In this context, dibutylhexyl phosphonate (DBHeP) and dibutyloctyl phosphonate (DBOP) were synthesized and characterized by various techniques. The physical properties of the two solvents and the extraction of nitric acid and actinides by these phosphonates were compared with those by dibutylbutyl phosphonate (DBBP). The physical properties such as density, viscosity, surface tension, refractive index, and solubility are reported here for the first time. Dispersion number, a dimensionless quantity that characterizes the ability of the solvent to separate from two-phase dispersion, is reported for all the three phosphonates. The extraction characteristics of actinides by these series of compounds are compared with those by tributyl phosphate (TBP).     

Extraction of Uranium(VI) and Plutonium(IV) with Tetra-Alkylcarbamides

ABSTRACT

The use of tetra-alkylcarbamides as novel extractants for the separation of uranium(VI) and plutonium(IV) by solvent extraction from spent nuclear fuels is investigated in this study. Batch extraction experiments show that tetra-alkylcarbamides strongly extract U(VI) with high distribution ratios. Plutonium(IV) can be co-extracted with U(VI) at high nitric acid concentration, while high U(VI)/Pu(IV) selectivities can be reached at lower acidity. Loading capacity experiments with high uranium concentrations show that alkyl chains longer than butyl are necessary to avoid third phase formation. Nevertheless, the viscosity of uranium-loaded solvents gets too high with alkyl chains longer than pentyl. Overall, this study shows that with TPU extractant (with four pentyl chains), an efficient co-extraction of uranium and plutonium can be reached (D_U,Pu > 1) for a concentration of nitric acid higher than 4 mol?L^?1, while the partition between uranium(VI) and plutonium(IV) could be operated even at 2 mol?L^?1 nitric acid without redox chemistry.     

EXTRACTION OF HNO 3 AND SOME IONS WITH TRIBUTYL PHOSPHATE (TBP)-MIXED TRIALKYL PHOSPHINE OXIDES (TRPO)/KEROSENE

Tributyl phosphate (TBP) and trialkyl phosphine oxides (TRPO) are important extractants. They are widely used in industrial extraction processes, especially in the nuclear power industry. However, both TBP and TRPO suffer from several disadvantages. TBP has a low extractability for trivalent transuranium elements such as Am 3+ and Pu 3+ while TRPO has low loading capacity for HNO 3 and UO 2 2+ . The extraction of HNO 3 and 20 other ions of importance in the nuclear power industry was studied using TBP-TRPO/kerosene. The loading capacity of UO 2 2+ and HNO 3 in TBP-TRPO/kerosene was determined. The synergistic extraction characteristics of the mixture for Am 3+ and TcO 4 - were studied. the influence of high-concentration UO 2 2+ on the extraction of Am 3+ , Eu 3+ , Pu 4+ , and TcO 4 - was investigated. The experimental results show that TBP-TRPO/kerosene mixtures display both a high extractability for a number of ions and a high loading capacity for UO 2 2+ and HNO 3 .     

固相萃取-反相高效液相色谱法对泼尼松龙片剂有效含量的测定

采用固相萃取-反相高效液相色谱法测定泼尼松龙含量。以甲醇-乙酸缓冲液作为提取液,经Oasis HLB固相萃取柱净化,氮吹仪浓缩定容,经液相C18色谱柱分离,在247nm波长下检测。结果表明泼尼松龙线性相关系数为0.9992,变异系数为1.23%,回收率为87.4%～93.7%。     

Equilibrium studies of the extraction of zirconium(IV) from sulfuric acid solutions with Di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid

Equilibrium studies were made at 25°C in the extraction of zirconium(IV) from sulfuric acid solutions with di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA, HR) dissolved in kerosene. The reaction stoichiometry was numerically determined and the compositions of the extracted species were found to be ZrR₄ and ZrR₄(HR) at low loading ratios of D2EHPA (α < 0.09), but became ZrR₄ and ZrR₄(HR)₃ at relatively higher loading ratios (0.10 < α < 0.32). The equilibrium constants for the formation of these species were also obtained. Furthermore, numerical treatment of the experimental data excluded the existence of polynuclear complexes under the conditions studied (α < 0.32).