胜利油田注聚采出液含油污水处理技术研究

分析了胜利油田注聚采出液含油污水处理现状,用有机阳离子型和非离子型药剂进行多元复配制备除油剂。进行了三元复合驱采出液油水分离剂的试验。试验证明,有机阳离子型除油剂能够较好的解决胜利油田注聚采出液含油污水处理问题。     

JH系列絮凝剂的合成与净水性能评价

针对现有有机絮凝剂品种少、破乳除油和去除污水中有机污染物能力差的问题，通过阳离子单体、疏水单体与丙烯酰胺反相悬浮共聚，研制了JH系列新型絮凝剂，并对比研究了其对含油污水的净水效果。结果表明，JH系列有机絮凝剂具有良好的絮凝除浊、破乳除油和去除有机物的能力；优于现有有机絮凝剂。絮凝剂分子中含有15％的阳离子基团和l％左右的疏水基团则更有利于其净水效果的发挥。     

用于稠油污水处理的高效反相破乳剂的合成

稠油污水乳化严重,水质复杂,破乳处理是稠油污水处理中的关键环节.在分析辽河欢四联稠油污水特点的基础上采用环氧氯丙烷、二甲胺和交联剂乙二胺合成了一种聚阳离子季铵盐型反相破乳剂HEY-M,该破乳剂具有强的压缩双电层和击破界面膜作用.HEY-M破乳剂除油效率＞96%,是一种高效稠油污水反相破乳剂.     

Synthetic polyelectrolytes of varying charge densities but similar molar mass based on acrylamide and their applications on palm oil mill effluent treatment

Cationic polyacrylamides of varying charge densities but similar molar mass were synthesized using free radical polymerization and Mannich reaction, characterized by different methods and applied as flocculants for palm oil mill effluents (POME). Flocculant performance was assessed by determining the polymer dosage, pH of POME and the removal efficiency of the resulting supernatants using turbidity, suspended solids and chemical oxygen demand as indicators. The pH of POME was adjusted to 3 prior to flocculation. It was found that varying the charge density of the polymer from 48.2-485 C/g affects flocculant performance significantly. Polymer adsorption increased as the charge density of the polymers increased. High charge density cationic polyacrylamide (485 C/g) is the most effective polymer as it obtains 98% turbidity removal, 98.7% suspended solids removal and 54% chemical oxygen demand removal with a dosage as low as 32 mg/l at pH 3 of POME.     

无机高分子多阳离子铁系絮凝剂的研究进展

无机高分子多阳离子铁系絮凝剂是铁盐等金属离子在水解过程中的中间产物与溶液中带负电荷的溶胶粒及不同阴离子的结合产物。介绍了无机高分子多阳离子絮凝剂中铁系絮凝剂的制备方法,包括聚磷硫酸铁絮凝剂、聚硅铁絮凝剂、聚硅铝铁絮凝剂、聚氯化铝铁絮凝剂,以及这些絮凝剂在印染废水、造纸废水、油田废水、食品工业废水、医药工业废水处理中的应用现状,并对今后的研究方向提出了建议。     

The investigation of a new moderate water shutoff agent: Cationic polymer and anionic polymer

Cationic polymers and anionic polymers were selected as a moderate water shutoff agent for water production control. Due to the adsorption of polymers on the sand surface, the adsorption capacity under static condition, in porous media, and adsorption morphology on mica were investigated through starch–cadmium iodide method, core flow test, and atomic force microscopy measurement. The adsorption quantity on the sand surface increased with the high polymer concentrations and long adsorption time. With the increase of temperature and shearing time, the adsorption capacity slightly decreased. In addition, the adsorption capacity under water wettability condition was significantly larger than that under oil wettability condition. Alternate injection of cationic polymer and anionic polymer caused larger adsorption capacity in the core test. An adsorption multilayer was formed through alternate adsorption of cationic polymer and anionic polymer confirmed by atomic force microscopy. The visual simulation experiment was also conducted to illustrate adsorption and enhanced oil recovery mechanism. The polymers preferentially entered the high permeability zone and adsorbed on the sand surface, thus enhanced oil recovery. Furthermore, alternate injection of cationic and anionic polymers as a moderate water shutoff agent was successfully applied for water production control in oilfield test. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 39462.     

腈纶废丝改性水解物的制备及其絮凝效果

常压时在碱性条件下水解腈纶废丝可生成丙烯酰胺和丙烯酸的无规共聚物,此法在得到有机高分子絮凝剂的同时又能避免废腈纶对环境的污染。在常压、95～100℃下用乙二胺对废腈纶碱性水解物进行改性,制得含有酰胺基、羧钠基、羧基及羧铵基等活性基团的高分子絮凝剂,研究了改性水解产物对废水的絮凝性能,并由红外光谱对其结构进行了分析。结果表明,乙二胺在腈纶碱性水解过程中能够促进腈基的水解,改性水解物对废水的脱色、除浊、去油、除酚效果均明显优于水解产物,经测定其除浊、去油、除酚效果分别达到98%、70%、70%。     

聚合物驱采油废水的处理技术研究进展

随着聚合物驱油的广泛应用,产生了大量的聚合物采油废水,由于有聚合物的存在,增加了油水分离的难度。本文通过对聚合物驱采油废水性质分析以及近年污水处理方法的研究现状的介绍,主要阐述了超声波,膜技术,微波破乳技术等新技术的应用情况,探讨了聚合物驱采油废水处理方法的发展趋势。     

The Potential for Using Bubble Modification Chemicals in Dissolved Air Flotation for Algae Removal

Abstract

This paper investigates the potential for using surface modified bubbles in the treatment of algae using dissolved air flotation (DAF) instead of upstream coagulation and flocculation. Bubble modification is attempted by adding either metal coagulant, surfactant or polymers direct to the saturator. In this way, the chemical characteristics most suitable for removing small algae cells using this technique are examined. Optimum removal using metal coagulant, aluminium sulphate, was 60%; however, both a decrease in the magnitude of the zeta potential and microfloc generation occurred concurrently, thus accounting for the improved removal. In contrast, there was no change in system zeta potential and no microfloc generation when using cationic surfactant cetyltrimethyl-ammonium bromide (CTAB), for which 63% removal was achieved. An average of 95% removal was achieved using the cationic polymer, PolyDADMAC, with no change to system zeta potential. The results therefore confirm that there is a potential for adapting the conventional DAF process to operate without upstream coagulation and flocculation. A chemical with both a hydrophobic component in addition to a high molecular weight, hydrophilic, highly charge component is advised for the process.     

Synthesis and Characterization of New Polymers Containing Bis 1,2,4-Triazole Ring and Used in the Purification of Wastewater from Copper Ion

In this study, two types of polymers containing bis 1,2,4-triazole were prepared (poly thioether and poly thioester) by condensation polymerization. These polymers were characterized by FTIR, ¹H NMR, DSC and TGA techniques. Also, intrinsic viscosities were measured to estimate the molecular weight of the polymers. We use these polymers in treating wastewater containing heavy metal ion, Cu⁺². The effect of time on the efficiency of Cu⁺² ion removal in 25°C was investigated. Results showed that when researchers used poly thioester to removal the copper ion from wastewater, the ability of removal is better than when poly thioether is used.     

Heavy metal removal using hydroxypropyl cellulose and polyacrylamide gels,kinetical study

In this article we report the removal of Pb, Ni and Cu using a hydrogel made with hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and polyacrylamide (PAAm). The hydrogel successfully removed those metals, as shown by the results of atomic absorption spectroscopy; the polymer removed 53% of Pb, 52% of Ni and 51% of Cu. Different pHs were tried for these polymers. The highest metal removal was found at 40°C. The adsorption kinetics fitted Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Metal particles were detected on the hydrogel with electron microscopy and energy–dispersive X–ray spectroscpy, confirming that the gel removed the metals from the testing solutions. This polymer is a good option for treating wastewater and industrial waters as it removes metals and is composed of nontoxic materials. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43285.     

Preparation of dialdehyde cellulose hydrazone derivatives andevaluating their efficiency for sewage wastewater treatment

The cellulose hydrazone derivative is a novel product prepared from dialdehyde cellulose with 2-hydrazino-3,5,6,7tetrahydrocyclopentanethieno[2,3-d]-pyrimidin-4(4H)-one under suitably selected conditions. It was found that the reaction of dialdehyde cellulose with the 2-hydrazino derivative decreased progressively in the series cellulose powder, viscose wood pulp and cotton linter. The principal objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of dialdehyde cellulose hydrazone derivatives on sewage wastewater settling, percentage of total suspended solids (TSS), carbon oxygen demand (COD), and iron and chromium removal. About 30-50% of chlorine was removed after treatment using dialdehyde cellulose hydrazone derivatives, thus indicating their good efficiency for halogen removal. Cellulose hydrazone derivatives were recommended as good coagulants and removed Fe and Cr by 73.9% and 66.7%, respectively. Jar tests revealed that the wastewater was best treated with the addition of chemical coagulants such as FeCl₃ or Al₂(SO₄)₃ combined with cellulose hydrazone derivatives at optimum doses. The optimum conditions produced better cleaning-up and improved removal of COD and TSS up to 77% and 97%, respectively.     

Population Balance Model (PBM) for flocculation process: Simulation and experimental studies of palm oil mill effluent (POME) pretreatment

The present study is intended for the first time to completely replace the inorganic coagulants with organic polymers in palm oil mill effluent (POME) pretreatment by using direct flocculation of single and dual polymer systems under applied shear. The efficiency of direct flocculation of POME was investigated by using the Population Balance Model (PBM) which considered the charge neutralization and bridging attraction under applied shear. The collision efficiency was calculated based on the Derjaguin Landau Verwey Overbeek (DLVO) theory which considered the effect of adsorbed polymer layers on van der Waals attraction and bridging attraction. This is the first attempt to correlate the floc size distribution from PBM to the indirect indicators of COD, suspended solids, oil and grease. The model predictions are in close agreement with the experimental results for both single and dual polymer systems. The interaction energy curves based on PBM shows that the flocculation using cationic polymer is by charge neutralization and bridging attraction whereas flocculation using anionic polymer is by only bridging attraction. At the optimum flocculation conditions, 99.66%, 55.79%, 99.74% and 80.78% of suspended solids, COD, oil and grease removal and water recovery are achieved, respectively. The direct flocculation process significantly reduced the treatment cost by a factor of 3.6 compared to the conventional coagulation–flocculation process.     

温敏型聚合物在稠油污水中的絮凝作用探讨

稠油污水絮凝剂大都是阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM),但该絮凝剂在稠油污水中高分子长链的伸展受到高温和高矿化度的影响,絮凝效果大大降低。探讨了一种温敏型絮凝剂PA在不同浓度、温度、及不同浓度无机盐(NaCl和CaCl_2)条件下的絮凝作用并与CPAM进行对比。实验结果表明:温敏絮凝剂PA对稠油污水的乳化油和固相悬浮物的去除率较CPAM高,其主要原因是PA在较高温度下发生相分离使溶液亲水性降低、吸附能力增强;温度和无机盐(NaCl、CaCl_2)能促进温敏絮凝剂PA对稠油污水中乳化油和固相悬浮物的去除效果。     

Treatment of a combined dairy and domestic wastewater in an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor followed by activated sludge (AS system)

The feasibility of using an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor followed by activated sludge (AS system) for the treatment of wastewater discharged from dairy factory was explored. The UASB reactor was operated at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 24 h and organic loading rates (OLRs) ranging from 1.9 to 4.4 kgCOD/m³.d. The average total chemical oxygen demand (COD_total) and total biological oxygen demand (BOD_5total) concentrations of the UASB reactor effluent were 1385 and 576 mg/l, corresponding to percentage removal of 69% and 79%, respectively. Total suspended solids (TSS) and volatile suspended solids (VSS) removal averaged above 72% and 75%, respectively. Residual phosphorous and oil and grease concentrations of the UASB reactor effluent were 8.2 and 44 mg/l, corresponding to percentage removal values of 63% and 83%, respectively. This good performance could be attributed to the relatively long sludge residence time (SRT = 76 d) imposed to the reactor. Total and faecal coliform counts were reduced in the treated effluent by a value of 1.07 and 0.9 log₁₀, respectively. The net sludge yield coefficient was found to be 0.2 g VSS per g COD_total removed per day, corresponding to 20% of the total influent COD imposed to the UASB reactor. The volatile solids / total solids (VS/TS) ratio of 0.66 of excess sludge revealed its good quality. Preliminary batch experiments of the AS system treating UASB reactor effluent indicated first-order removal kinetics between total organic carbon (TOC) and contact time. The TOC removal reached 80%, resulting in only 47 mg/l in the final effluent at a HRT of 2.0 h. Accordingly, the AS system was operated at a HRT of 2.0 h. The system achieved a substantial reduction of COD_total, BOD_{5 total}, TSS and oil and grease resulting effluent quality with residual values of only 35.0, 7.0, 14.0 and 2.8 mg/l, respectively. The geometric mean of total and faecal coliform counts was reduced by a value of 1.28 and 1.64 log₁₀, respectively. Based on these results, it is recommended to use of an integrated system consisting of a UASB reactor followed by the AS system for the treatment of a combined dairy and domestic wastewater to produce a good effluent quality complying with the standards for discharge into agricultural drains.     

煤化工废水中油泥的聚结分离与水中有机物的去除效果

针对煤化工废水中存在的高浓度油及油泥的问题,本研究制备了高电荷、低聚合度的无机复合材料和低电荷、高聚合度的有机复合材料,探究无机、有机复合材料协同作用下对煤化工废水中油及油泥的聚结分离效果以及对废水中有机物的去除特性。结果表明,无机、有机复合材料在复合比例为500∶1的条件下,废水中油和固体悬浮物（SS）去除率分别达到55%和98%;现场试验发现,无机、有机复合材料对油含量1700～2000mg/L,SS含量为1500～2000mg/L的废水,油和SS的去除率一直稳定于50%和95%左右,表现出较好的稳定性;进一步对废水中典型有机物的去除效果研究可知,该复合材料同时也对废水中各类有机物有较好的去除效果,多环芳烃（PAHs）、苯系物和酚类物质的去除率可达到82.85%、41.9%和37.56%。可以发现,无机、有机复合材料可有效解决煤化工废水中油及油泥的去除问题,具有广阔的产业化应用前景。     

胶原多肽基表面活性剂对废水中Cu(Ⅱ)的沉淀浮选性能

以低浓度Cu²⁺水溶液模拟重金属离子废水,研究了胶原多肽基表面活性剂（阴离子型CBS和阳离子型C-CBS）对重金属离子废水的沉淀浮选性能。通过单因素实验考察了pH、气速、表面活性剂质量浓度、气浮时间、Cu²⁺初始浓度等因素对废水中Cu²⁺沉淀浮选效果的影响。结果表明,CBS和C-CBS均适用于在碱性条件下对金属离子废水进行沉淀浮选,Cu²⁺的去除率达到90%左右;且随着气速的升高,Cu²⁺的去除率增加而后趋于不变;随着表面活性剂用量的增加,对CBS,Cu²⁺的去除率增加,而对C-CBS,Cu²⁺的去除率反而下降;随气浮时间延长,Cu²⁺去除率逐渐增加而后趋于不变。研究表明,胶原多肽基表面活性剂可用于重金属离子废水的沉淀浮选。     

丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸-丙烯羟肟酸共聚物乳液脱除电镀废水中的重金属离子

采用反相乳液聚合法合成了丙烯酰胺(AM)-丙烯酸(AA)- 丙烯羟肟酸(AHA)共聚物乳液。考察了该共聚物配方中丙烯羟肟酸用量、共聚物乳液的投量和pH值对电镀废水中重金属离子的脱除效果。结果表明：pH=10,丙烯羟肟酸在共聚物乳液中的用量≥15%,共聚物乳液的投量为20～30 mg/L时,脱除电镀废水中重金属离子的效果最好,Cr、Cu、Ni和Zn等重金属离子的脱去率≥99.5%,处理后的水中每种重金属离子浓度≤0.2 mg/L。     

TR型油田污水去活催化剂的研制

采用浸渍法制备了以过渡金属-稀土为主要成分的TR型油田污水去活催化剂,并通过EDS、XRD和SEM对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,催化剂催化性能与其表面形态有关。当过渡金属与稀土金属的原子比为2∶1时,催化性能最好。该催化剂用于多相催化氧化处理模拟油田污水时催化性能高效稳定,与未处理的模拟污水相比,采用TR型油田污水去活催化剂,经多相催化氧化处理后的模拟污水配制的聚合物溶液粘度提高548％。