Measurement and correlation of excess enthalpies for water+ethanol+1-buthyl 3-methylimidaozolium tetrafluoroborate system

It is difficult to find physical properties data for systems containing ionic liquids, excess molar enthalpies, binary interaction parameter, etc. In this study, the excess molar enthalpies were measured for water+ethanol+ionic liquid system using a isothermal microcalorimeter at 298.15 K. The ionic liquid used was 1-butyl 3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate, [BMIM] [BF₄]. The isothermal microcalorimeter (IMC) is a flow-type calorimeter that measures the heat of mixing directly, using specific mixing cell. By employing NRTL, electrolyte-NRTL and UNIQUAC models, binary interaction parameters were determined and investigated for the correlation with vapor liquid equilibrium (VLE). The e-NRTL model with the partial dissociation was employed to correlate the ionic liquid system. The binary data of VLE system were used from literatures. Specifically, UNIQUAC volume and surface area parameters were determined using Bondi radius.     

The thermodynamics and separation process design for the ternary system 1,3-propanediol + 1,3-butanediol + 2,3-butanediol

ABSTRACT

The isobaric vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) data at 101.3kPa for (1,3-propanediol(PG) + 1,3-butanediol(BD)), (1,3-PG+2,3-BD) and (1,3-BD+2,3-BD) and for the ternary system of (1,3-PG+1,3-BD+2,3-BD) have been measured. The thermodynamic properties of the non-ideal vapor phase have been considered with the EOS equation. The liquid activity coefficients have been calculated with Wilson, NRTL and UNIQUAC equations, and the binary interaction parameters were regressed by these models. The vapor composition of VLE data were calculated by the optimum parameter group and generated a good consistency to experimental values. Based on all the preceding results, a two-column distillation process was designed.     

醋酸脱水过程中对二甲苯+(醋酸,醋酸甲酯,醋酸正丙酯)和醋酸甲酯+醋酸正丙酯的二元汽液相平衡(英文)

The vapor-liquid equilibrium data of four binary systems (acetic acid +p-xylene, methyl acetate +n-propyl acetate, n-propyl acetate +p-xylene and methyl acetate +p-xylene) are measured at 101.33 kPa with Ellis equilibrium still, and then both the NRTL and UNIQUAC models are used in combination with the HOC model for correlating and estimating the vapor-liquid equilibrium of these four binary systems. The estimated binary VLE results using correlated parameters agree well with the measured data except the methyl acetate +p-xylene system which easily causes bumping and liquid rushing out of the sampling tap due to their dramatically different boiling points. The correlation results by NRTL and UNIQUAC models have little difference on the average absolute deviations of temperature and composition of vapor phase, and the results by NRTL model are slightly better than those by UNIQUAC model except for the methyl acetate +n-propyl acetate system, for which the latter gives more accurate correlations.     

Salting-out effect of sodium carbonate on the liquid–liquid equilibrium of (Water + Dichloromethane + N,N-Dimethylacetamide) system at temperature T=(298.15 and 308.15) K

The salting-out effect of sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) on the liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) of the ternary system of {water + dichloromethane + N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC)} was studied at temperature T = (298.15 and 308.15) K and atmospheric pressure. The generated data for salt-free system have been used to estimate the binary interaction parameters for the nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) activity coefficient model. The mass fraction of the added salt is 2% or 5% of the initial water. Adding a 0.02 mass fraction Na₂CO₃ leads to an average enhancement of about 147% in distribution coefficient of DMAC between two phases, and it reaches to about 227% by adding 0.05 mass fraction of the salt. Isoactivity condition, the binary subsystems consistency and the tie-lines consistency have been verified in this paper and the K-value method is used for LLE data correlation. The root-mean-square deviation of the system was calculated in order to detect the correlation and accuracy of the NRTL model.     

A simple thermo-physical model for vapor–liquid equilibrium of the reactive HIx (HI–H2O–I2–H2) system

Thermodynamic phase equilibrium of the reactive HIx system encountered in the sulfur-iodine (SI) cycle has been identified as a basic research need for the hydrogen economy. In this communication, a simple NRTL (nonrandom two-liquid)-based vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) model is devised for the HIx system considering the HI decomposition reaction in the gas phase only. We propose a new set of NRTL binary interaction parameters as well as a new expression for the HI decomposition chemical equilibrium constant as a function of temperature. This simple VLE model with the use of only one set of NRTL binary parameters is capable of reproducing the Larousse et al. (Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 34 (2009) 3258–3266) experimental data for a wide range of pressures (1–24 bar) and HI concentrations beyond the azeotrope.     

2,2-二甲基丁烷+乙醇、+正丙醇二元体系常压汽液平衡的测定

使用自行设计的汽液平衡釜测定了常压下2,2-二甲基丁烷+乙醇和2,2-二甲基丁烷+正丙醇二元体系的汽液平衡数据,所得到的汽液平衡数据通过了Herrington面积法热力学一致性检验。实验数据用NRTL方程进行关联,采用关联得到的模型参数计算相应的汽相组成,并与实验值比较。汽相组成的平均偏差小于0.02,这说明NRTL模型适用于所研究的二元体系。     

间苯二酚溶剂萃取液液相平衡数据的关联

用NRTL模型对实验测定的24℃、101.33 kPa下醋酸正丁酯-间苯二酚-盐水及正丁醇-间苯二酚-盐水拟三元体系的液液相平衡数据进行了关联,分别得出了醋酸正丁酯-间苯二酚-盐水及正丁醇-间苯二酚-盐水拟三元体系的模型参数,并运用模型对体系相平衡进行了预测.将实验数据与关联结果比较,结果表明:NRTL模型能较好地对以...     

Extractive Distillation of p-Cresol/2,6-Xylenol Mixtures in the Presence of Alkanolamines

Abstract

The separation of p-cresol/2,6-xylenol mixtures has been investigated by extractive distillation in the presence of alkanolamines. The interaction parameters of liquid phase models, such as Wilson, NRTL, and UNIQUAC, have been estimated from binary vapor-liquid equilibrium data. The predicted relative volatility values for the p-cresol/2,6-xylenol mixtures in the presence of the alkanolamines were compared with experimental data.     

甲基二氯硅烷-甲基乙烯基二氯硅烷-甲苯三元体系等压汽液平衡

Vapor-liquid euilibrium (VLE) for a ternary system of Methyldichlorosilane methylvinyldichlorosilane toluene and constituent binary systems were measured at 101.3kPa using a new type of magnetical pump-ebulliometer,The equilibrium conpositions of the vapor phase of binary systems were calculated indirectly from the total pressure-temperature-liquid composition(pTx).The experimental data were correlated with the Wilson and NRTL(non-random two liquid )equations.The parameters of the Wilson moldel were employed to predict the ternary VLE data .The calculated boiling points were in good agreement with the experimental ones.     

醋酸+二甲基甲酰胺常压汽液平衡数据测定与关联

用改进式Rose釜测定了101.33 kPa下醋酸+二甲基甲酰胺二元体系的VLE数据,结果表明二甲基甲酰胺与醋酸形成了二元最高共沸物。实验数据通过了面积法热力学一致性检验。分别采用NRTL、W ilson、UNQUIC方程对实验数据进行关联,NRTL方程关联结果较好,温度平均偏差0.23℃,醋酸在汽相中的平均偏差为0.009 7。用NRTL方程参数推算了共沸点数据,共沸点温度155.65℃,醋酸摩尔分数0.312 7。     

乙酸异戊酯+异戊醇和乙酸异戊酯+正己醇体系汽液平衡

在50.00和101.33 kPa下,采用改进的Rose汽液平衡釜测量乙酸异戊酯+异戊醇和乙酸异戊酯+正己醇体系的汽液平衡数据。乙酸异戊酯+异戊醇在50.00 kPa下形成最低共沸物。使用Herington法对汽液平衡数据进行热力学一次性检验,结果表明测得的汽液平衡数据符合热力学一致性。对实验数据使用NRTL、Wilson和UNIQUAC活度系数模型进行关联,回归获得相应的二元交互参数,模型计算的温度和组成与实验值相比均方差小于0.20 K和0.0050,表明3种模型的拟合结果与实验数据吻合较好。通过Wilson模型预测乙酸异戊酯+异戊醇体系在98.4 kPa时共沸点消失。为化工数据库增添了内容,为乙酸异戊酯体系的工程设计和进一步深入研究奠定了基础。     

Measurement and Prediction of Vapor Pressure for H2O+CH3OH/C2H5OH+[BMIM][DBP] Ternary Working Fluids

The ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dibutylphosphate ([BMIM][DBP]) was prepared and the vapor pressures of three set of binary solutions H2O(1)/CH3OH(1)/C2H5OH(1)+[BMIM][DBP](2) were measured...     

离子液体[BMIM][DBP]+水+甲醇/乙醇三元工质溶液蒸汽压的测量和预测(英文)

The ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dibutylphosphate ([BMIM][DBP]) was prepared and the vapor pressures of three set of binary solutions H2O(1)/CH3OH(1)/C2H5OH(1) + [BMIM][DBP](2) were measured at different temperature and in the ILs mole fraction range from 0.1 to 0.6 with a static equilibrium apparatus. The measured vapor pressures were correlated with Non-Random Two Liquid (NRTL) activity coefficient model and the average relative deviations (ARD) between experimental and correlated vapor pressures for these binary solutions were 3.19%, 2.42% and 2.95%, respectively. Then, the vapor pressures of two set of ternary solutions H2O(1) + CH3OH(2)/C2H5OH(2) + [BMIM][DBP](3) were measured with an inclined boiling apparatus and further predicted with NRTL activity coefficient model based on the binary interaction parameters coming from fitting the vapor pressures of the binary solutions. The results indicated that the ternary solutions containing [BMIM][DBP] were shown a strong negative deviation from Raoult’s Law when the mole fraction of [BMIM][DBP] was larger than 0.2, which meant that ternary solutions could absorb the refrigerant vapors at the same or below solution temperature. Meanwhile, the average relative deviations between experimental and predicted vapor pressures for ternary solutions were 2.92% and 3.06%, respectively. Consequently, the NRTL active coefficient model used for non-electrolyte solutions was still valid for predicting vapor-liquid equilibrium of binary or ternary solutions containing ILs.     

VAPOR-LIQUID EQUILIBRIA OF TOLUENE + n-BUTANOL AND TOLUENE + n-BUTANOL + CALCIUM CHLORIDE AT 94.0kPa

Vapor-liquid equilibrium data of toluene + n-butanol and toluene+ n-butanol + CaCl₂ (at saturation) were measured at a pressure of 94.0 kPa, using a modified Malanowski equilibrium still. The salt investigated in this work, i.e., CaCl₂, exhibits a slight salting-out effect on toluene. The experimental results of the salt-free binary were compared with those obtained from NRTL, ASOG, and UNIFAC models. The latter two models predicted the bubble-point temperatures within 0.5 K (as a root mean square deviation, RMSD) whereas the NRTL model, which was employed to establish thermodynamic consistency by directly fitting the experimental data, correlated the bubble-point temperatures with an RMSD of 0.2 K. On the other hand, the experimental data of toluene+n-butanol+CaCl₂ were compared with those predicted by the NRTL-Tan model for the effect of the electrolyte. This model predicted the bubble-point temperatures with an RMSD of 0.5 K. Calcium chloride has been shown not to have a sensible effect on the azeotropic composition.     

二甲醚-甲醇体系二元交互参数的拟合与评价

本文通过化工模拟软件AspenPlus,液相采用NRTL模型,气相采用PR方程,对二甲醚-甲醇二元体系进行汽液平衡计算时涉及到的二元交互作用参数进行了研究。首先分别选用AspenPlus自带的三个数据库VLE—LIT、VLE—RK和VLE—HOC中二元交互参数进行计算,结果表明,选用数据库VLE—ILK和VLE—Hoc中模型参数时,计算值与实验值吻合较好,并且数据库vLE—RK的计算结果更好。其次利用文献实验数据拟合参数,进行气液平衡计算,与实验结果对比表明本文拟合参数最为适合,即对NRTL模型：a12=1．486,a21=-1．1496,b12=-28．06,b21=194．7,C12=0．0172;PR方程：k12=k21=-0．0605。     

Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium for Systems Containing Epoxidized Oils,Formic Acid,and Water: Experimental and Modeling

Epoxidized oils are eco-friendly plasticizers, which are industrially produced through the epoxidation reaction in a formic acid-hydrogen peroxide autocatalyzed system. The fundamental knowledge to describe the phase equilibrium of systems after epoxidation reaction is lacking, which is crucial for the design of the purification facilities. This work reported experimental data for the liquid–liquid equilibrium of three systems, i.e., epoxidized fatty acid methyl esters + formic acid + water, epoxidized fatty acid 2-ethylhexyl esters + formic acid + water, and epoxidized soybean oil + formic acid + water, in the temperature range (303.15–348.15) K under atmospheric pressure. The results indicated that the liquid–liquid equilibrium constant of formic acid in the systems followed the order of epoxidized fatty acid 2-ethylhexyl esters > epoxidized fatty acid methyl esters > epoxidized soybean oil. Moreover, the obtained experimental data were correlated using nonrandom two liquid (NRTL) and universal quasi chemical (UNIQUAC) models. The maximum root mean square deviation (RMSD) values as low as 0.0052 and 0.0263 were estimated using the NRTL and UNIQUAC model, respectively. The NRTL model is more suitable than the UNIQUAC model to describe the liquid–liquid equilibrium behavior of these ternary systems.     

Influence of salt concentration on solubility and tie-line data for the system: Formic acid + n-butanol + water

The tie-line and solubility data, i.e. formic acid (FA) + n-butanol + water + NaCl, were resolved at T = 298.15 K and under ambient pressure. The Othmer–Tobias equation was applied in this study. The experimental data were correlated and all linear correlation coefficients were found to be approximately equal to 1. Both the Universal Quasi-chemical Theory (UNIQUAC) and Nonrandom Two Liquid Theory (NRTL) and NRTL models were employed in order to compare the experimental liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) and tie-line data. Consequently, the calculated and experimental data proved to be a good fit. Results show that adding salt to the system proved beneficial by increasing the separation of FA from water.     

壳聚糖-聚乳酸接枝共聚物多孔支架制备

天然聚合物壳聚糖,生物可降解材料聚乳酸,都有着良好的生物相容性,在生物医学领域有着广泛的用途。但是,壳聚糖与聚乳酸各自的性能缺陷导致了这两者单独使用有着很大的局限性。为了改善这两者的缺点,可以利用将聚乳酸接枝共聚到壳聚糖主链上。这样既可以改善壳聚糖不易于加工的缺点,而壳聚糖本身碱性多糖的结构也可以中和乳酸降解过程中所产生的酸性。本文介绍了壳聚糖-聚乳酸接枝共聚体系的制备方法。     

醋酸+二甲基亚砜等压汽液平衡研究

二甲基亚砜可作为水+醋酸体系的萃取共沸剂,文中用改进的Rose汽液平衡釜,测定101.33 kPa下醋酸+二甲基亚砜二元体系的等压汽液平衡数据,实验数据通过了热力学一致性逐点校验。考虑醋酸在汽相中的缔合效应和非理想性,分别采用van Laar,Wilson和NRTL模型对醋酸+二甲基亚砜体系的汽液平衡数据进行关联,得到了相应的模型参数和关联偏差。结果表明,NRTL模型关联结果较好,温度平均绝对偏差0.26 K,醋酸在汽相中的平均绝对偏差为0.002 7,可为醋酸萃取精馏工艺设计提供必要的基础数据。     

Vapor-liquid equilibria of water+monoethanolamine system

The accurate design of carbon dioxide separation processes by the absorption method requires knowledge of the vapor-liquid equilibrium of aqueous alkanolamine systems. MEA (monoethanolamine) is widely used for the separation of carbon dioxide by the chemical absorption process. The equilibrium apparatus was tested by comparing the measured VLE data for the methanol+ethanol system with the literature data. The isobaric vapor liquid equilibrium data were measured for the water+MEA binary system by using a modified Stage-Muller equilibrium still with circulation in both phases. The vapor liquid equilibrium data of water+MEA were measured in the pressure range from 50.0 to 70.0 kPa and temperature range from 355.2 to 430.3 K. The measured data were correlated with the UNIQUAC and NRTL activity coefficient models. This article is dedicated to Professor Chul Soo Lee in commemoration of his retirement from Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering of Korea University.