用离心萃取器连续逆流提取氢化可的松的研究

采用环隙式离心萃取器进行了提取氢化可的松的研究。用醋酸丁酯从发酵液中萃取氢化可的松 ,其传质过程受扩散因素控制 ,且分配系数随平衡水相浓度的增大而增大。开发了用环隙式离心萃取器连续逆流提取氢化可的松的工艺流程 ,当转速为 340 0～ 380 0r/min ,总流量为 40～ 75mL/min ,V(O ,有机相 )∶V(A ,水相 )为 (0 35～ 0 42 )∶1 0 0时 ,氢化可的松的萃取率为91 0 8%～ 93 16 % ,而厂家现行生产工艺采用的V(O)∶V(A)是 0 7∶1 0 ,氢化可的松的萃取率为90 %。因而 ,新工艺提高了氢化可的松的萃取率 ,降低了萃取剂耗量     

离心萃取器在咖啡因工业生产中的应用

在咖啡因工业生产中,一般是采用静态混合器为萃取设备、氯仿为萃取剂来回收母液中的咖啡因,主要缺点是萃取率只在90％左右以及氯仿损失大。离心萃取器是一种高效的液一液萃取设备,具有许多显著优点,为此,采用了4台Ф230离心萃取器代替静态混合器组成串联逆流萃取流程,对该生产环节进行了技术改造,结果表明,萃取率提高到了99％,氯仿用量降低到了25％。     

新型离心萃取机的开发及其应用前景

介绍了离心萃取机的结构和工作原理,国内外发展历程,对比了国内外机型的技术参数。着重分析了自行开发的新型离心萃取机的技术创新点和优点,探讨了新型离心萃取机在核能、环保、湿法冶金、生物制药、精细化工等行业的市场应用前景。     

离心萃取器用于反胶束溶液萃取牛血清白蛋白

离心萃取器用于反胶束溶液萃取牛血清白蛋白陆强，李宽宏，施亚钧（华东理工大学化学工程研究所，上海２００２３７）关键词离心萃取器，反胶束溶液，牛血清白蛋白１前言以表面活性剂溶于非极性有机溶剂所形成的反胶束溶液为萃取剂，提取与分离水溶液中的蛋白质，是一种有...     

CTXL325-N离心萃取器处理对硝基酚钠废水试验

介绍了用ＣＴＸＬ３２５－Ｎ离心萃取器、ＡＢＫ萃取剂络合萃取处理对硝基酚钠废水的方法,提出了合理的工艺条件,确认ＣＴＸＬ３２５－Ｎ离心萃取器、ＡＢＫ萃取剂络合萃取处理含酚废水工艺是经济有效的     

Extraction of Caffeine with Annular Centrifugal Contactors

Abstract

An extraction process for caffeine has been developed with annular centrifugal contactors. The caffeine distribution ratio in the mother solution effluent‐chloroform system was measured to be about 18.6. Both the pilot tests and the plant tests have been completed with Φ20 mm and Φ230 mm annular centrifugal contactors, respectively. The extraction rate higher than 99% was achieved in the pilot tests, when the rotor speed was 3000‐4500 r/min, the total flow was 20‐80 mL/min, and the flow ratio (A/O) was 2/1. When the rotor speed was 1800 r/min, the mother solution flow was 2000 L/h, and the chloroform flow was 1000 L/h; the extraction rate was also more than 99% in the plant tests.     

Effect of Cylinder Rotation on Flow Characteristics of the Annular Region in Annular Centrifugal Extractor

The flow patterns in the annular region of a 50 mm annular centrifugal extractor (ACE) were studied using phase particle image velocimetry (PIV), by which the distributions of radial velocity, axial velocity, vorticity, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), and micromixing time of a fluid under different rotating Reynolds numbers were investigated. In the center of the annular region, both the radial and axial velocities of the fluid are close to zero, regardless of the rotating Reynolds number changes. The TKE of the fluid along the radial direction is small at center and large on the edge. The results show that the mixing process mainly occurs at the region near the outer cylinder’s sidewall, and the mixing time in this region is less than that in the internal annular region. Besides, the whole mixing efficiency is proportional to the rotational speed when the speed is below a certain level, and then gradually reaches a plateau when the speed is further increased.     

Extraction of Hydrocortisone from the Fermentation Liquor with Annular Centrifugal Contactors

Abstract

A continuous countercurrent extraction process for the recovery of hydrocortisone from the fermentation liquor has been developed with annular centrifugal contactors. When the hydrocortisone was extracted from the fermentation liquor with the butyl acetate, the distribution ratio increased with increase of the hydrocortisone concentration in the equilibrium aqueous phase. Both the laboratory tests and the plant tests have been finished with Φ20 mm and Φ230 mm annular centrifugal contactors respectively. In the laboratory tests, when the rotor speed was 3400～4200 r/min, the fermentation liquor flow was 30～50 mL/min and the phase ratio (V_O/V_A) was 0.36～0.50, the percent recovery of hydrocortisone was higher than 92%. In the plant tests, when the rotor speed was 2000 r/min, the fermentation liquor flow was 2000 L/h and the butyl acetate flow was 1000 L/h, the percent recovery of hydrocortisone was about 96.5～98%.     

索氏提取器提取桂花精油

用索氏提取器对桂花精油成分进行提取,并用GC-MS联用仪对其有效成分进行了测定,研究表明:桂花精油中主要成分有18种,检出率占总成分的93.24%。其主要成分为(Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-十八碳三烯-1-醇(23.17﹪)、肉豆蔻酸(12.23﹪)、棕榈酸乙酯(8.76﹪)、二氢-β-紫罗兰酮(7.76﹪)、萜烯(5.86﹪)、棕榈酸(5.78﹪)、5-己基二氢呋喃-2-酮(5.35﹪)、橙花醇(4.68﹪)、正辛醛(3.80﹪)等。     

离心萃取器提取对甲酚的实验和模拟研究

In this study, extraction of p-cresol from the simulated wastewater has been studied using centrifugal extractors and QH-1 extractant. The distribution ratio of p-cresol was approximately 308.5 in the QH-1-p-cresol （pH =2.0） system. The extraction stage efficiency of the single-stage centrifugal extractor was higher than 92%, and the extraction rate of the three-stage cascade was higher than 99%. When 15% NaOH was used for the stripping of p-cresol in QH-1 solution, the stripping rate of the three-stage cascade reached 100%. A mathematical model of multistage countercurrent extraction process that considers the phase volume change, extraction stage efficiency, and phase entrainment was used to simulate the extraction of p-cresol using centrifugal extractors. The calculated results using this model were in good agreement with the experimental results.     

Synergistic Extraction of Lanthanides (III) with Mixtures of TODGA and Hydrophobic Ionic Liquid into Molecular Diluent

The extraction of lanthanides(III) from aqueous nitric acid solutions with N,N,N’,N’-tetra(n-octyl)diglycolamide (TODGA) and with mixtures of TODGA and the hydrophobic ionic liquid (IL) [C₄mim][Tf₂N] into 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) has been investigated. The extraction efficiency of Ln(III) ions was greatly enhanced by the addition of a small amount of IL to an organic phase containing TODGA. The synergistic effect comes from the higher hydrophobicity of Ln(III) extracted species formed by TODGA and the weakly coordinating Tf₂N^? anions compared with those formed by TODGA and NO₃^? ions as the counter-anions. The partition of Tf₂N^? anions between the organic and aqueous phases is the dominant factor governing the extractability of lanthanides(III) with mixtures of TODGA and [C₄mim][Tf₂N]. The extraction of Ln(III) from aqueous nitric acid solutions by TODGA alone and its mixtures with [C₄mim][Tf₂N] into DCE can be described on the basis of the solvation extraction mechanism. However, in the extraction system with added [C₄mim][Tf₂N], the partition of Tf₂N^? between two immiscible phases and the interaction between HTf₂N and TODGA in the organic phase should be taken into account. Possible reasons of the antagonistic effect in the TODGA–[C₄mim][Tf₂N] extraction system are discussed.     

离心萃取机技术开发及其在环境保护方面的应用

通过对最新开发的离心萃取机工作原理和萃取特征的介绍 ,指出在环保治理方面尤其是在化工废水治理及再利用方面 ,该机由于其独特的优点因而具有非常广阔的应用前景。     

实验室用小流量环隙式离心萃取器的研制

CTL50-N型小流量环隙式离心萃取器作为一种快速、高效的萃取试验设备，应用广泛，效果良好。本文详细介绍了该萃取器的工作原理、技术参数、结构设计和应用方面的情况。指出通过该萃取器的试验，能直观便捷的验证许多萃取数据，为萃取工艺的确定奠定基础。     

Continuous Interfacial Centrifugal Separation and Recovery of Silver Nanoparticles

Continuous-flow separation and recovery of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using an annular centrifugal extractor (ACE) is demonstrated. Separation was achieved at the liquid-liquid interface based on the balance between centrifugal force and the solubility of the capping agent. A mathematical model is presented to understand the mechanism in greater detail. The separation of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP)-coated AgNPs in an ACE using a strong immiscible solvent was performed. The material accumulated at the interface was separated periodically without discontinuing the operation. The method is also suitable for separation of large particles or 1D/2D nanostructures even employing a single annular centrifugal extractor. Stable AgNPs were selected for a detailed antimicrobial activity study.     

Extraction of Lanthanides(III) by a Mixture of a Malonamide and a Dialkyl Phosphoric Acid

Several hydrometallurgical processes studied in France for lanthanide/minor actinide separation use a combination of DMDOHEMA and HDEHP as extractants. Although these processes have proved to be reliable, the modeling of their extraction properties remains a difficult task due to a lack of knowledge about the behavior of the mixed DMDOHEMA-HDEHP organic phase. In the present work, it was found that the solvent extraction of Ln(III) ions by a mixture of these extractants exhibits a complex behavior involving a synergistic effect at either 1 M HNO₃ or high metal concentration, and an antagonistic effect on extraction of metal traces at higher pH (> 2). To understand these effects, Ln(III) complexes formed after extraction by DMDOHEMA and/or HDEHP were characterized by several spectroscopic techniques (FT-IR, UV-Vis, ESI-MS, TRLIFS). Results suggested formation of DMDOHEMA-HDEHP adducts and ternary mixed complexes involving both extractants and possibly a nitrate ion.     

Numerical Simulation of Liquid-Solid Countercurrent Fluidization inside an Extraction Column Based on Particle Trajectory Model

The liquid–solid countercurrent fluidization process in an extraction column was numerical y simulated based on the particle trajectory model of Eulerian–Lagrangian method. The simulation approach was ...     

萃取分析时最低掩蔽剂浓度的简便计算方法

提出一种萃取分析时掩蔽剂最低浓度的简便计算公式:lg[R]=1b[lgKe+nlg[HLn(o)]+npH-lgβb+3+lgVV((wo))],式中Ke为干扰金属离子与萃取剂配合物的萃取平衡常数,[HLn(o)]为萃取剂在有机相的浓度,V(o)和V(w)分别为有机相和水相的体积,n、b分别为干扰金属离子与萃取剂配合物的最大配位数和溶液中干扰金属离子与掩蔽剂配合物浓度最大配离子的级数。β为干扰金属离子与掩蔽剂配合物的累积稳定常数。求解时,我们从第一级配离子浓度最大开始,若计算出的[R]位于第一级配离子浓度最大的自由配体浓度范围,则此时的[R]即为计算结果;否则试探下一级配离子直至位于其浓度范围。得到了[R]后,由酸效应系数可计算出掩蔽剂的最小浓度。     

Pilot-Scale Multi-Stage Countercurrent Extraction of Scutellarein from Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand-Mazz

Abstract

A low-temperature, timesaving, lower solvent consumption, and energy cost and multi-stage countercurrent extraction (MCCE) technique was developed for pilot-scale production of scutellarein from Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand-Mazz. The optimum conditions of MCCE process were obtained using the orthogonal array design method, i.e., 70% (v/v) of ethanol water solution, 16 L/kg of solvent to herbal sample ratio, 45°C of extraction temperature and 30 min of extraction time. A comparison between the MCCE technique and single pot extraction (SPE) under respective optimized operation conditions was made and time courses of scutellarein of MCCE and SPE processes were plotted, indicating that the MCCE technique can lower the extraction temperature and decrease five-sixth of the extraction time and two-thirds of the solvent consumption at the equivalent extraction yield of scutellarein.     

Solvent Extraction and Separation of Trivalent Lanthanides Using Cyphos IL 104, a Novel Phosphonium Ionic Liquid as Extractant

Solvent extraction of trivalent lanthanides from chloride solution using a novel ionic liquid Cyphos IL 104 (trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis-2,4,4-(trimethylpentyl) phosphinate or [R₄PA]) has been investigated, while comparing the results with that of its precursors trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium chloride [R₄PCl or Cyphos IL 101], Cyanex 272 [HA] and their equimolar mixture. The results also indicate very high extractability of Cyphos IL 104 toward trivalent lanthanides. Unlike the conventional acidic extractants, extraction of trivalent lanthanides with Cyphos IL 104 increases the equilibrium pH of the aqueous phase due to the preferential extraction of acid over the lanthanide ions. Extraction mechanism has been established by studying the extraction of neodymium(III) with the ionic liquid as a function of the concentrations of Cyphos IL 104 and chloride ions. Separation studies of trivalent lanthanides from a mixed solution containing 1 × 10^?4M each of La, Nd, Gd, and Lu with Cyphos IL 104 or Cyanex 272 indicate that Cyphos IL 104 is a better extractant in terms of extraction coefficient, but Cyanex 272 exhibits better selectivity toward heavier lanthanides. The prospects of stripping and regeneration of ionic liquid (Cyphos IL 104) have also been discussed in the present study.