国外消防员防护服隔热性能研究情况前瞻

通过国外消防员防护服隔热性能研究内容和测试装置的描述，归纳出消防员防护服隔热性能向整体研究和基础研究两个方面发展的趋势，并提出今后国外该领域的研究方向。     

消防员隔热防护服的抗辐射热渗透性能

运用维恩位移定律计算得到火场辐射热所产生的峰值红外线的主要波段,在此波段内进行反射率测试,研究两种材料的抗辐射热渗透性能。实验结果表明,在760~2 500nm波段,铝箔复合材料与镀铝复合材料都具有79%以上的反射率,在1 000~2 500nm波段,反射率可达到90%以上,说明两种材料都具有较好的抗辐射热渗透性能,可以应用于消防员隔热防护服;在760~2 000nm波段,铝箔复合材料的反射率略高于镀铝复合材料,说明铝箔复合材料的抗辐射热渗透性能优于镀铝复合材料。     

耐高温阻燃防护服研究进展

在介绍耐高温阻燃防护服研究进展的基础上,重点论述了耐高温阻燃防护服的面料情况,并对防护服的性能评价方法作了分析和探讨.     

关于消防救援人员轻质灭火防护服的研究

随着我国一线消防队伍“全灾种、大应急”工作职能的拓展,消防救援人员所直面的灾害类型逐渐增多,对于现场处置人员的个人安全防护等级也提出了更高的需求。以一线消防救援人员实际配备的灭火防护服为研究对象,以常见轻质灭火防护服为实例,对实战处置过程中消防救援队伍实际穿戴的防护服防水透气层以及舒适层等部位的改进方式进行了逐一研判及对比,并以此为依据对防护服织物的防护性能测试提出了切实有效的相关建议,为相关功能装备的研发提供了思路与方法,有益于为消防救援队伍选择更安全、更高效的防护服。     

美国消防队员防护服及装备

1971年美国消防协会根据其标准拟定程序首次通过并颁发了消防队员防护服标准。颁发该标准旨在尽力避免消防队员在灭火救援过程中发生伤亡 ,以确保队员的生命安全。导致消防队员伤亡的因素很多 ,如 :对火灾事故的处置 ,火灾危险控制 ,灭火战术 ,装备 ,训练 ,火场纪律 ,团队素质等。尽管我们常常将消防队员伤亡的原因归咎于防护服和消防装备 ,但如果使用得当 ,这并非重要因素。以美国消防队伍近十年来火灾受伤或烧伤事故统计数据为例 ,1984年有 62 70 0人在火场中受伤 ,即每10 0 0起火灾中有 2 7人受伤。其中 10 .6% ( 6640人 )是烧伤。 1993…     

中欧消防员灭火防护服标准比较

对比分析我国与欧盟的灭火防护服标准中灭火服设计、阻燃、耐热、隔热、耐静水压及透水蒸气、抗拉和耐撕以及反光带的可见性等主要性能的技术要求。我国标准对灭火防护服设计的规定非常具体,欧盟标准则是以最终灭火防护服的性能为目标核心做出较为原则的规定。对我国灭火防护服标准的修订提出几点建议:引入灭火防护服的分级概念;综合考量灭火防护服的防护性能与舒适性能;修改服装试样性能测试前的处理方法;增加灭火防护服整体防护性能的技术要求及测试方法;增加灭火防护服初级特种防护性能要求。     

德国消防员排除万难救天鹅 竟是玩具

目前，德国消防队员彻夜冒着严寒和低温，破冰解救了一只被困在冰冻湖心的天鹅，最后却发现它竟然是一只塑料天鹅。     

关于招用合同制消防员 创新消防队伍建设体系的实践与探索

近年来，随着社会经济的迅速发展和城市化进程的加快，火灾、毒气泄漏、爆炸等各种灾害事故不断增多，消防安全保卫任务日益繁重。为缓解沉重的消防保卫压力，切实解决消防兵力不足的问题，山东省在深入调查研究的基础上，积极探索，大胆实践，创新消防队伍建设体系，由政府出资在全省向社会公开征招合同制消防员，充实一线消防执勤灭火力量，实行现役制与合同制二元执勤新模式，走出了一条消防队伍建设新路子。     

消防防护服的分类与命名

分析了国内消防防护服技术的发展现状 ,介绍了美国的情况 ,提出了我国消防防护服的分类与命名的设想。     

Thermal radiative protection of fire fighters' protective clothing

A method for measuring the thermal radiative protection of actual fire fighters' garments to an incident radiative heat flux of 8.4 kW/m² is described. Typical results obtained with several conventional and prototype garments are presented. These results indicate the time to pain, and second degree burn as well as the pain alarm time. The thermal inertia of the garments is also measured based upon burn exposure time. Differences in physical properties such as garment thickness, total weight and number of layers are examined in order to establish the existence of any correlations.Issued as NRCC 26171. Reference: M. Day and P. Z. Sturgeon, Thermal Radiative Protection of Fire Fighters' Protective Clothing,Fire Technology, Vol. 23, No. 1, February 1987, p. 49.     

消防员灭火防护服及内衣服装的保暖性能研究

为更好地保证消防员在低温环境下的作战效率,开展了灭火防护服及内衣的保暖性能研究.基于问卷调研和查阅标准明确了消防员对保暖性能的需求,测试表明现有服装难以满足保暖性能的要求.基于聚酰亚胺材料和新型结构设计,改进了内衣、绒衣、内胆以及消防员灭火防护服的保暖性能.对改进型服装的不同组合进行了计算,针对不同地区推荐了最优的改进...     

Personal protective clothing and safety of firefighters near a high intensity fire front

The main objective of this work is the establishment of useful guide lines for secure fighting of high intensity fires, namely the determination of the influence of the personal protective clothing properties on safety during wildland firefighting operations. The physiological reaction of men exposed to these extreme conditions is obtained by numerical simulation of the heat and the mass transfer from an individual in the proximity of a fire line, as representative of a typical situation of a firefighter suppressing a high intensity fire. It is obvious that the impinging flux density depends on flame's dimensions and its properties as well as on the distance between the flame and those involved in fire suppression activities. The results obtained were calculated using a computer program based on a modified version of the Stolwijk thermoregulation model. Taking into account the time evolutions of skin, rectal and hypothalamus temperatures, a parametric study is presented about the importance of clothing properties, activity level and other external parameters in order to avoid the risk of significant undesired thermophysiological reactions within the firefighters. The results clearly show that, besides the improvement of personal protective clothing properties, the safety of firefighters is essentially related to good control of the exposure times to these high intensity radiation fluxes.     

Experimental measurements of the thermal effectiveness of two types of protective clothing for fire fighters

Experiments were conducted to quantitatively assess and compare the thermal effectiveness of two types of lower torso protective clothing, commonly known as a day clothing set and a night clothing set, as a function of the moisture content and tightness of fit. Results were obtained giving the temperature distribution through the clothing sets. Note: Allan T. Kirkpatrick is Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado. Henry, Curtis and Alan Adelgren are undergraduate students, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.     

液压油的安全使用与维护

<正>液压系统有结构简单、质量稳定、机械效率高,容易实现设备的自动化等诸多优点。因此,目前砖瓦生产线上的许多设备配备了液压系统,例如液压顶车机、液压多斗挖土机等。液压系统是以液压油为工作介质,以液压泵为能源装置,通过控制调节