Facile fabrication of polyester filament fabric with highly and durable hydrophilic surface by microwave‐assisted glycolysis

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fabric with highly and durable hydrophilic surface was fabricated using microwave‐assisted glycolysis. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as a catalyst was proven to be suitable for PET glycolysis under assistance of microwave. The modified PET fabric (0.5% NaOH, irradiation 120 s) showed high surface hydrophilicity with a contact angle of 17.4 ° and a wicking length of 19.36 mm. The exposure of the carboxyl‐ and hydroxyl‐end groups on the surface of PET and the introduction of etches were confirmed by Methylene Blue staining and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), receptively. Although the strength of PET fabric decreased after modification, it was still high enough for textile applications. The thermal properties of the modified PET fabrics were well maintained. The high hydrophilicity and its original properties of PET could be controlled by changing the irradiation time from 60 s to 120 s and adjusting the content of sodium hydroxide from 0.2% to 0.5%. These results suggest microwave‐assisted glycolysis with sodium hydroxide is an effective method for PET hydrophilic finishing. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 44069.     

Phase separation to create hydrophilic yet non‐water soluble PLA/PLA‐b‐PEG fibers via electrospinning

In moisture wicking fabrics, fibers with hydrophilic surfaces that are also non‐water soluble are desirable. In poly(lactic acid), PLA, fibers it is expected that the addition of poly(ethylene glycol), PEG, will monotonically increase their wicking rates. In this paper, phase separation was used to create biocompatible, biodegradable, hydrophilic yet non‐water soluble fibers by electrospinning PLA with PEG and PLA‐b‐PEG copolymers. By tuning the thermoelectric parameters of the apparatus, and the chemical properties of the dopes, the amount of PEG in the fibers was improved over prior work; concentration increased by 60% (by weight, wt %) to 16 wt % in the PLA fiber. Instead of the expected increasing wicking rates with PEG concentration, there is a peak at 12 wt %; at greater concentrations, wicking decreases due to PEG crystallization within the PLA (verified via DSC). At 12 wt % PEG from copolymers, the nanofabric's wettability increases to 1300% its original weight. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 41030.     

预处理对微胶囊改性聚酯织物舒适凉爽性的影响

由于聚酯纤维的化学性质稳定、纤维表面光滑,不易与后整理剂相结合,因此利用薄荷油微胶囊后整理对聚酯织物进行舒适凉爽改性时,存在附着量少、改性效果差的缺点。为解决这一问题,本文在后整理前增加了碱预处理和等离子体预处理。通过对聚酯织物原样、无预处理后整织物、碱预处理后整织物和等离子体预处理后整织物进行舒适凉爽性能测试,深入分析两种预处理方法对聚酯织物改性效果的影响。结果表明：等离子体预处理在织物透湿、导水、润湿、速干和凉爽性改性方面促进作用更明显,相比无预处理后整织物,等离子体后整织物的透湿率、经向和纬向芯吸高度、滴水扩散时间、蒸发速率及接触凉感系数分别提高了3.32%、40.24%、27.25%、80.39%、21.21%和5.59%;碱预处理则在织物透气性和吸水性改善方面的效果更佳,相比无预处理的后整织物,可将织物的透气率和吸水率分别提高43.43%和13.03%。因此,两种预处理方法对聚酯织物舒适凉爽性的改性效果有显著促进作用。     

Surface and adhesion properties of poly(ethylene glycol) on polyester(polyethylene terephthalate) fabric surface: Effect of air‐atmospheric plasma treatment

The surface and adhesion properties of different molecular weight poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) (400, 1500, and 3000 g/mol) on untreated and air‐atmospheric plasma‐treated PET woven fabrics were studied, with the aim of developing durable hydrophilic PET fibrous structures. PEG application was carried out by padding of the PET fabric in aqueous solution of PEG followed by curing and drying. The surface properties of the PEG‐coated PET fabrics were then characterized using wicking test to measure the water contact angle (θ°) and capillary weight (W_c), and using atomic force microscopy (AFM) images in the tapping mode. Results showed that without a prior air‐atmospheric plasma treatment of the PET fabric, the water contact angle decreased and capillary weight increased with the three PEGs, implying an increase in the hydrophilicity of both inner and outer PET fabric fiber surface. Air‐plasma treatment of the PET fabrics before PEG coating increases further the hydrophilicity of the inner fabric fiber surface: the capillary weight was almost doubled in the case of the three PEGs. Best results were obtained with PEG 1500: water contact angle decreasing from 82° to 51°, and the capillary weight increasing from 11 mg to 134 mg. Moreover, wash fastness test at room temperature and at 80°C confirms improved adhesion of PEG‐1500 to the plasma‐treated PET woven fabric surface, while under the same conditions the plasma‐treated PET without PEG loses completely its hydrophilic character. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.     

Microbial modification of polyethylene terephthalate fabric

A great disadvantage of synthetic fibers is their low hydrophilicity. Polyester fibers are particularly hydrophobic. In the first place, this affects the processability of the fibers. The surfaces are not easily wetted, thus impeding the application of finishing compounds and coloring agents. In addition, a hydrophobic material hinders water from penetrating into the pores of fabric. An additional advantage is a decrease in build‐up of electrostatic charge. Besides an improved processability of hydrophilic textiles, a number of advantages from the consumer's point of view are improved washability, as the water can remove hydrophobic stains more easily, and enhanced wearing comfort due to greater water absorbency. For these reasons, hydrophilicity of polyester fabrics was improved using Trametes versicolor. Incubation conditions were determined as; the polyester fabrics were incubated for 10 days at 28°C and 175 rpm. The modification medium was contained 1 g/L glucose and pH of medium was 4. The modification degree was determined according to the contact angle measurements. Water retention values were compatible with contact angle values. FTIR and SEM images showed that the modification occurred on the PET fabric surface. More hydrophilic PET fabric was made by T. versicolor. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

涤纶浸胶帘子布(帆布)的技术经济分析

本文首先介绍了国内外涤纶帘子线(布)发展情况、主要生产厂家及规模、各种骨架材料应用范围及其性能比较及涤纶帘子线技术指标等。第二介绍了涤纶树脂增粘、纺丝制帘子线及其生产工艺流程。第三介绍了涤纶帘子布厂的建厂规模、单位产品的投资数及成本、涤纶工业丝产品单位成本的测算和比较、涤纶浸胶帘子布单位成本的测算和比较。第四介绍了各种化纤工业丝比价、涤纶工业丝和民用丝比价、涤纶工业丝与帘子布的比价及浸胶帘子布与轮胎比值、最低售价的测算等。最后提出核定价格的几个原则及其建议价格。     

Investigating the wicking behavior of micro/nanofibrous core-sheath PET–PAN yarn modified by dimethyl 5-sodium sulfoisophthalate

The present research aims at imparting an improved wicking ability to the recycled multifilament yarns by wrapping composite nanofibers to attain an efficient material for filtration purposes. Therefore, polyacrylonitrile nanofibers containing dimethyl 5-sodium sulfoisophthalate nanoparticles were wrapped around the recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) yarn by means of a novel electrospinning technique. Several tests were performed to investigate the parameters affecting wicking rise and moisture regain of the samples. Taguchi method was used in two separate designs (with or without nanoparticles). Some factors such as polymer solution concentration, mass ratio of nanoparticles, take-up rate, and number of filaments were considered as the variable factors while yarn wicking rate and moisture regain were the response factors. It was found that the hydrophilic nature of nanoparticles together with the ultrafine structure of nanofibers provide yarns with enhanced wicking properties. Although solution concentration is the predominant factor in wicking rate of the yarns containing nanoparticles, the most effective factor in wicking rise and moisture regain for other cases is the number of filaments. The mechanism of nanoparticle effect on fluidic jet during electrospinning process is explained by theory of nanofluids stability which has never been validated experimentally in previous research studies. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 48185.     

Core‐shell ZrO2/PMMA composites via dispersion polymerization in supercritical fluid: Synthesis,characterization and mechanism

In this study, the polyester (PET) fabric was hydrolyzed with alkali to increase the surface activity and enhance the nano titanium dioxide (nano-TiO₂) adsorption to produce higher functionality. The PET fabric was first treated with sodium hydroxide along with cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide as a cationic surfactant and then dipped into an ultrasound bath containing nano-TiO₂ followed by curing at high temperature. The weight loss, vertical wicking, and water droplet adsorption time were evaluated and are reported. The photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ nanoparticles deposited on the PET fabric was examined by the degradation of methylene blue as a model stain under daylight irradiation. The residual TiO₂ on the fabric surface after 1 and 10 successive washings was determined to indicate the washing durability of the finished fabric. Also, the UV protection was assessed by UV reflectance spectroscopy. The scanning electron microscopy pictures and energy-dispersive X-ray spectra of some fabrics are also reported. The surface hydrolysis of the PET fabric with sodium hydroxide created some voids and hydrophilic groups on the fabric surface; this led to the higher adsorption of nano-TiO₂ particles and enhanced the wettability, vertical wicking, and higher durability against repeated washings of the nano-TiO₂ treated fabric. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

吸湿排汗针织面料的纤维素酶柔软整理

对以纯棉纱为面纱、COOLCOOL涤纶低弹丝为底纱制织的针织纬编添纱组织的织物面料进行纤维素酶洗柔软整理,研究处理时间、处理浴pH值、处理温度、纤维素酶用量等对试样柔洗效果以及对织物的吸湿排汗性能的影响规律,并且得出优化的酶洗柔软整理工艺。对整理后的针织布的悬垂性、透气性、透湿性、液态水扩散速度、毛细芯吸高度进行测试分析,结果表明：COOLCOOL纤维／棉针织布的悬垂系数小;透气量、透湿性大;芯吸高度好;液态水扩散速度大,说明COOLCOOL纤维／棉针织布的舒适性好。     

Chemical grafting of curcumin at polyethylene terephthalate woven fabric surface using a prior surface activation with ultraviolet excimer lamp

Durable curcumin‐treated antibacterial polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabrics (against Staphylococcus aureus) were produced by dyeing with curcumin after surface activation using vacuum ultraviolet excimer lamp at 172 nm. Surface change properties of the exposed fabrics were characterized by surface analysis methods such as wettability, atomic force microscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Results show an increase in surface hydrophilicity with a water contact angle of the PET fabric reaching 24° after 10 min excimer irradiation, which could be attributed to an increase in carboxyl group formation as confirmed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. Varying concentrations of curcumin were immobilized onto untreated and vacuum ultraviolet‐irradiated PET samples using diffusion method at 90°C, and the treated fabrics characterized using K/S (color strength) values at 440 nm. K/S values increased when the PET surface was subjected to a prior excimer irradiation, because of grafting of curcumin at the PET surface. Increased excimer irradiation time increased grafting of curcumin because the inner fabric fiber surfaces were also more thoroughly treated. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Effect of PEGylated chitosan on plasma etched PET fabrics surface properties

In this work, PEGylated chitosan derivatives were prepared and used to modified poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fabrics. PET fabrics surface were etched by oxygen plasma before different concentrations PEGylated chitosan derivatives solution treatment. The effects of oxygen plasma and PEGylated chitosan derivatives on the surface properties of PET fabrics are investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Surface wettability was monitored by water contact angle measurement and moisture regains. The results showed that the occurrence of oxygen‐containing functional groups (i.e., C?O, C? O, and ? OH) of the plasma‐treated PET and the surface coarseness increased from those of the untreated one. There was a layer film formed on the surface of PET fabrics after PEGylated chitosan modification. The combination treatment of oxygen plasma with PEGylated chitosans lightly lowered the breaking strength and elongation of PET fabric. That moisture regains increased and the contact angle decreased implied the hydrophilicity enhancement for the PET fabrics. In addition, dyeing property of PEGylated chitosan derivative modified PET was improved. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 39693.     

Creating aesthetics and functional values in cotton fabrics through the introduction of thermobonding amorphous polyester fibers into blends

Low‐melting thermobonding PET (copolymer) fibers were used to produce heather effects in fabrics blended with cotton, which could be classified as natural 100% cotton fabrics. PET (copolymer) fibers produced at relatively low molecular weights with intrinsic viscosities of 0.57 and 0.47 were used in this investigation. These were mostly amorphous fibers that showed a low specific gravity at 1.27 g cm^?3. The fibers were blended with cotton to produce open‐ended spun yarns without the PET component being melted. These yarns were knit into fabrics and cured. The curing was based on the thermal behavior of these fibers as observed in differential scanning calorimetry thermograms. The amount of pigmented PET copolymer needed to achieve the required heather effect was optimized by variations of the blend ratios. This approach provided another avenue for introducing additional functional properties, such as antibacterial and soil‐resistance properties, to the fabric. Both the fibers and resultant fabric properties were studied extensively, along with the finishing of these fabrics. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 3747–3756, 2003     

新型纤维材料及其制品在体育用品中的应用

以推动新型纤维材料及其制品在体育用品领域的开发和应用着手,从纤维的物理和化学性能、制作工艺、后整理加工等方面对各类新型纤维材料,如碳纤维、Outlast纤维、对位芳纶、吸湿排汗功能性纤维、负离子功能性纤维以及新型纤维织物如防水透湿织物、低阻抗力的运动织物、超高强力织物等在体育用品中的广泛应用进行了介绍。     

涤纶亲水性后整理的现状

介绍了表面接枝聚合和亲水整理剂的吸附固着后整理方法对涤纶服用舒适性能的改善;提出了涤纶亲水性整理剂应向着环保、绿色、一剂多能的方向发展;阐述了用天然环保型整理剂壳聚糖整理涤纶可提高织物的吸湿性、透气透湿性、抗菌性等性能,且整理效果具有耐久性,对环境无污染。     

Wetting behavior of thermally bonded polyester nonwoven fabrics: The importance of porosity

The wetting properties of thermally bonded polyester nonwoven fabrics with different basis weights were studied. These nonwovens had the same composition: 85% poly(ethylene terephthalate) and 15% poly(butylene terephthalate) fibers. Two techniques, the 3S wicking test and sessile drop method, yielded similar water contact angles for all the nonwovens, but these results differed from the values obtained with the single fibers. In the nonwoven fabrics, the pore structure played a dominant role in the wetting properties: the existence of large pores in the thinner nonwovens reduced the dimensions of the liquid–solid interfacial perimeter. Compared with the water contact angle of the constituent single fibers, the contact angle of the fabrics was increased. A crenellated surface model was created to quantify the influence of pores on the wettability of nonwovens. It was possible to deduce the surface porosity of the fabric with this model, but only in the case of contact with nonwetting liquids such as water: this surface porosity corresponded only to the outermost layers of the fabric structure. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 387–394, 2006     

Contact angle determination on plasma‐treated poly(ethylene terephthalate) fabrics and foils

The surfaces of polyester (PET) fabrics and foils were modified by low‐pressure RF plasmas with air, CO₂, water vapor as well as Ar/O₂ and He/O₂ mixtures. To increase the wettability of the fabrics, the plasma processing parameters were optimized by means of a suction test with water. It was found that low pressure (10–16 Pa) and medium power (10–16 W) yielded a good penetration of plasma species in the textile structure for all oxygen‐containing gases and gaseous mixtures used. While the wettability of the PET fabric was increased in all cases, the Ar/O₂ plasma revealed the best hydrophilization effect with respect to water suction and aging. The hydrophilization of PET fabrics was closely related to the surface oxidation and was characterized by XPS analysis. Static and advancing contact angles were determined from the capillary rise with water. Both wetting and aging demonstrated a good comparability between plasma‐treated PET fabrics and foils, thus indicating a uniform treatment. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 1452–1458, 2006     

Influence of textile treatment on mechanical and sorption properties of flax/epoxy composites

The aim of the present work is to study the effect of conventional textile treatments of woven flax on the mechanical properties and the water sorption of flax/epoxy composites. The flax fabrics are standard 2/2 twills. Various treatments are carried out on fabric such as mercerization, bleaching, and leaching for long fibers or on yarn such as leaching for short fibers. A model, based on a modified rule of mixture applied to composite reinforced with woven fabric, is developed to include the effect of fiber and porosity volume fractions on composite stiffness and strength. Most treatments improve tensile stiffness and strength of flax/epoxy composite and reduce composite water sorption. We prove by X‐ray fluorescence analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and tensile tests of dry fabric that it is due to an improvement in the interfacial bonding between fibers and matrix. The best performances are achieved with bleaching and mercerization treatment. The weakest performances are obtained with the composites made with leached yarns. POLYM. COMPOS., 34:1761–1773, 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers     

电化学氧化表面处理提高粘胶基碳纤维的界面粘结性能

通过动力学的方法研究了电化学处理前后接触角的变化 ,并用其表征碳纤维表面润湿性能的改变 ;通过拔出实验测定电化学处理前后碳纤维与树脂之间粘结性能的变化。结果表明 ,电化学处理后 ,碳纤维表面的润湿性大大改善 ,碳纤维与树脂的粘结程度提高至原来的 14 0 %～ 160 % ;研究还发现 ,不同种类的电解质电化学处理后对碳纤维表面的润湿性及其拔出强度的影响不同 ,( NH4) 2 SO4处理的碳纤维的润湿性能和拔出强度最好 ,H2 SO4处理的润湿性较之 Na OH的好 ,但拔出强度却不如 Na OH处理的高。且拔出强度越高 ,其断裂的模式趋向于单剪切断裂 ,拔出强度降低 ,其断裂变为多剪切断裂甚至为粉碎性断裂。     

干爽型调温织物的开发

以热舒适理论、织物中水传导机制、相变蓄热调温机制为基础,构建了干爽型调温织物的结构模型。采用Coolmax混纺纱、黏胶纱、Outlast空调纤维混纺纱为原料,设计织造了5种纱线原料含量比不同的机织物小样,并对试样的吸湿速干性能以及调温性能进行测试分析。结果表明:开发的干爽型调温织物可同时达到吸湿速干与调温的效果。     

Automatic detection of layout of color yarns of yarn‐dyed fabric. Part 3: Double‐system‐Mélange color fabrics

Automat layout detection of color yarns is necessary for weaving and producing processes of yarn‐dyed fabrics. This study presents a novel approach to inspect the layout of color yarns of double‐system‐mélange color fabrics automatically, which is Part III of the series of studies to develop a computer vision‐based system for automatic inspection of color yarn layout for yarn‐dyed fabrics. The inspection of single‐system‐mélange color fabrics has been realized in Part I of the series of studies. Integrating the projection‐based region segmentation method proposed in Part I and the FCM‐based stepwise classification method proposed in Part II, the proposed approach is composed of three steps: (1) fabric region segmentation, (2) fabric region selection, and (3) layout of color yarns recognition. In the first step, the fabric regions are segmented by the projection‐based region segmentation method. In the second step, the reasonable fabric regions are selected by analyzing their color histograms and comparing their weft color's frequency. In the third step, the layout of color yarn is recognized by the FCM‐based stepwise classification method, and the precise layouts of color warps and wefts are produced. The experimental analysis proved that the proposed method can recognize the layout of color yarns of double‐system‐mélange color fabrics correctly by testing four different color fabrics and three pieces of same yarn‐dyed fabrics. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 42, 250–260, 2017