复合材料层合梁接触问题的线性化与能量解法

本文将非线性的接触问题线性化,即假设已知带可调参数的接触区载荷分布模态以及接触区宽度,再反求圆柱压头的半径。首先根据叠加原理将受力状态分解成对称和反对称状态,然后用正交完备的三角级数和勒让德级数构造这两种受力状态的位移场,并应用最小势能原理确定位移场中的待定系数,从而确定层合梁的位移场和应力场。载荷分布模态中的可调参数可根据接触区表面的位移协调条件确定,从而求得圆柱压头的半径。最后,由于在给定接触区的条件下压头曲率与压头合力成正比,故可以得到压头曲率在不同的接触区下随载荷变化的直线族。根据这些直线族,可以由已知的压头曲率和外载荷确定接触区尺寸。计算结果显示,这种解法的收敛性非常好。根据物理方程与根据平衡方程得到的层合梁剪应力分布的一致性非常好。而且,在远离接触区处的应力分布同经典层合梁理论结果的一致性也非常好。      

复合材料层合梁非对称分层问题的解析解法

根据叠加原理将含有非对称分层的复合材料层合梁在横向载荷作用下的受力状态分解为对称和反对称情况,再将反对称受力状态分解为无分层梁受反对称横向载荷状态与含分层梁在分层表面承受附加剪切载荷状态。将分层问题归结为在附加载荷状态中,层合梁附加位移与附加应力的分析,并据此建立了一个简单的力学模型。最后,根据工程梁理论得到了由分层引起的附加位移与应力的解析解答,利用能量释放率方法确定了应力强度因子,计算分析了分层区长度与层板厚度对附加位移的影响。      

复合材料层合板壳热弹性动力响应

本文提出了一个复合材料层合扁壳的位移场。据此导出了在力载和热载作用下的板壳运动方程。该位移场满足层间位移和横向剪应力的连续性,较充分反映了横向剪切对层合板壳力学行为的影响,但位移场的变量和运动方程均为五个,与一阶剪切变形理论相同。文中以暂态响应为例考察了横向剪切变形对层合板壳动力响应的影响,显着改善了解的精度。      

新型四边形广义协调层合板单元

基于一阶剪切变形理论（FSDT）,本文采用面积坐标构造一种新型20自由度（每结点5个自由度）,四边形复合材料层合板单元,适合于任意铺设情形的层合板的计算。它是按如下方式构造的：（1）引入平面内双线性位移场来体现层合板面内与弯曲的耦合作用;（2）单元每边的剪应变由Timoshenko层合厚梁理论来确定,对单元域内的剪应变场进行合理的插值;（3）将四边形面积坐标法与广义协调理论相结合,求解单元挠度场。针对位移复合材料板单元提出了一种新型应力杂交化后处理方法来改善单元计算应力的能力,使位移型单元可以简单和正确地预测层合板的应力,特别是层间横向剪应力的解。本文单元,记为TACQ20,不存在剪切闭锁现象,对位移和应力都可以得到高精度的结果。     

用杂交法改善应力解的新型复合材料层合板单元

本文给出一种基于一阶剪切变形理论(FSDT)新型的、无闭锁的位移型四边形复合材料层合板单元TMQ20的列式;并根据Hellinger-Reissner变分原理,针对位移型复合材料板单元提出了一种新型应力杂交化后处理方法来改善单元计算应力的能力,使位移型单元可以简单和正确地预测层合板的应力,特别是层间横向剪应力的解。数值算例表明,经过改善的TMQ20单元具有位移型和杂交型有限元的双重优点,它不仅自由度少,列式简单,而且对位移和应力都可以得到高精度的结果,适用于从薄到中等厚度的复合材料层合板的计算。本文所提出的杂交化后处理方法的概念适用于改善任何种类的位移型单元的应力解。     

复合材料层合板接触损伤问题的分析

将连续介质损伤力学的分析计算方法与复合材料层合板无损伤接触问题的分析相结合, 分析了层合板在接触载荷作用下的损伤问题。采用逆解法得到复合材料层合板无损伤接触问题的解。在进行接触损伤分析时, 考虑到实际应用中层合板的层间相对容易发生损伤, 同时为了简单起见, 不计复合材料铺层的损伤演化, 只计层间胶层的损伤, 并将层间胶层的损伤演化视为各向同性。通过胶层材料的疲劳性能实验曲线拟合得到损伤演化参数。采用附加载荷法与迭代法求解层合板接触损伤分析时应力场与损伤场的互耦问题, 得到了层间胶层的损伤度分布及应力分布。计算结果显示, 该方法收敛性好, 求解简单。      

复合材料管接头拉扭作用下胶层应力分析

发展了一种复合材料胶接管接头在拉伸和扭转载荷作用下胶层内应力分析模型。该模型利用管接头结构中缠绕法成形的管和套管材料、几何形状和所承受载荷的轴对称性,采用一阶层合板理论分析管壁的应力和变形。通过管接头中管、套管和它们之间胶层的位移协调性确定胶层内的应变和应力,从而建立了管接头结构的平衡方程。本模型计算了缠绕角为54°和26°管接头胶层内剥离应力、轴向剪切应力和切向剪切应力,计算结果与有限元分析结果相吻合。      

复合材料层合曲梁分层问题的解析解法

根据叠加原理将含有分层的复合材料层合曲梁在横向载荷作用下的受力状态分解为在面受力状态与出面受力状态,再将出面受力状态分解为无分层曲梁受横向载荷状态与含分层曲梁承受附加剪切载荷状态。将分层问题归结为在附加剪切载荷状态中,层合梁附加位移与附加应力的分析,并据此建立了一个简单的力学模型。最后得到了由分层引起的附加位移与应力的解析解答,并用能量释放率方法确定了应力强度因子。     

含椭圆形分层层板的状态分解-片条合成能量解法

根据叠加原理将含有椭圆形非穿透分层的层板在横向载荷作用下的受力状态进行分解,从而将分层问题归结为在分层表面上的附加剪切载荷作用下层板附加位移与附加应力的分析,并据此建立了一个仅包含分层区的力学模型。进而在层板分层区中切取平行于坐标平面的切片,将切片视为含分层的层合梁,其位移模态以相应层合梁的附加位移模态来表示。这样,可构造层板分层区内满足位移边界条件的位移场。最后,应用最小势能原理确定位移幅值的闭合解。计算结果表明,挠度幅值远远大于中面位移幅值,且与由双三角级数能量解法所得挠度幅值吻合很好。      

含矩形内部分层的复合材料层板的 状态分解-片条合成能量解法

根据叠加原理将含有矩形内部分层的层板在横向载荷作用下的受力状态进行分解, 从而 将分层问题归结为在分层表面上的附加剪切载荷作用下层板附加位移与附加应力的分析, 并据此 建立了一个仅包含分层区的力学模型。进而在层板分层区中切取平行于边界的切片, 将切片视为 含分层的层合梁, 其位移模态以相应层合梁的附加位移模态来表示。这样, 可构造层板分层区内满 足位移边界条件的位移场。最后, 应用最小势能原理确定位移幅值的闭合解。计算结果表明, 挠度 幅值远远大于中面位移幅值, 且与由双三角级数能量解法所得挠度幅值吻合很好。      

Three-dimensional stress analysis of rotating composite beams due to material discontinuities

Material discontinuity could cause in-plane stress gradients that it arises out-of-plane stresses in regions of sudden transition of material properties. A layerwise laminated plate theory is adapted to laminated beams to analyze analytically the three-dimensional stress field at material discontinuities in rotating composite beams. Equations of motion are obtained by using Hamilton’s principle. The beam is divided into two regions with different layups which are joined together to model the region of material discontinuity. The predicted stress distributions at the ply interfaces are shown to be in good agreement with comparative three-dimensional finite element analysis.     

叠层板的翘曲修正模型

本文利用翘曲修正理论,通过最小势能原理导出了复合材料叠层板的静力方程。数值计算则采用二维升阶谱有限元技术,用本文方法计算正交铺层矩形叠层板所得的位移、应力分布结果与精确解相比,具有很好的收敛性。     

Vibration and stability of cross-ply laminated composite plates according to a global higher-order plate theory

Natural frequencies and buckling stresses of cross-ply laminated composite plates are analyzed by taking into account the effects of shear deformation, thickness change and rotatory inertia. By using the method of power series expansion of displacement components, a set of fundamental dynamic equations of a two-dimensional higher-order theory for thick rectangular laminates subjected to in-plane stresses is derived through Hamilton's principle. Several sets of truncated approximate theories are applied to solve the eigenvalue problems of a simply supported thick laminated plate. In order to assure the accuracy of the present theory, convergence properties of the lowest natural frequency and buckling stress are examined in detail. Numerical results are compared with those of the published existing theories and FEM solutions. The modal displacement and stress distributions in the thickness direction are obtained and plotted in figures. It is noticed that the present global higher-order approximate theories can predict the natural frequencies, buckling stresses and stresses of thick multilayered composite laminates as accurately as three-dimensional solutions.     

Analysis of thick orthotropic laminated composite plates based on higher order shear deformation theory

A two-dimensional finite element model is presented to perform the linear static analysis of laminated orthotropic composite plates based on a refined higher order shear deformation theory. The theory accounts for parabolic distributions of transverse shear stresses and requires no shear correction factors. A finite element program is developed using serendipity element with seven degrees of freedom per node. The present solutions are compared with those obtained using three-dimensional elasticity theory and those obtained by other researchers. The theory accurately predicts displacements and transverse shear stresses compared to previously developed theories for thick plates and are very close to three-dimensional elasticity solutions. The effects of transverse shear deformation, material anisotropy, aspect ratio, fiber orientation and lamination sequence on transverse shear stresses are investigated. The error in values of transverse shear stresses decreases as the number of lamina increases, for a plate of same thickness. An increase in degree of anisotropy results in lower values of deflection in the plate. For cross-ply plate an increase in anisotropy results in an increase in effective stress whereas for angle-ply plate the effect is almost negligible. Through thickness variation of transverse shear stresses are independent of anisotropy. The maximum effective stress increases exponentially at lower values of anisotropy and reaches to an asymptotic value at higher values. The stacking sequence has a significant effect on the transverse deflections and shear stress. Rectangular plates experience less effective, in-plane and transverse shear stresses compared to square plates.     

A semi-analytical finite element for laminated composite plates

This paper presents a semi-analytical finite element solution for laminated composite plates. The method is based on a mixed variational principle that involves both displacements and stresses. Finite element meshes are only used in the plane of plate, while the through thickness distributions of displacements and stresses are obtained using the method of state equations. Numerical results show that the rate of convergence of the new method is fast and the solutions can be very close to corresponding exact three-dimensional ones. The use of a recursive formulation of the state equations leads to an algebra equation system, from which solution are sought, whose dimension is independent of the numbers of layers of the plate considered.     

Nonlinear Viscoelastic Response of Unidirectional Polymeric Laminated Composite Plates Under Bending Loads

Nonlinear bending analysis of polymeric laminated composite plate is examined considering material nonlinearity for viscoelastic matrix material through a Micro–macro approach. The micromechanical Simplified Unit Cell Method (SUCM) in three-dimensional closed-form solution is used for the overall behavior of the unidirectional composite in any combination of loading conditions. The elastic fibers are transversely isotropic where Schapery single integral equation in multiaxial stress state describes the matrix material by recursive-iterative formulation. The finite difference Dynamic Relaxation (DR) method is utilized to study the bending behavior of Mindlin annular sector plate including geometric nonlinearity under uniform lateral pressure with clamped and hinged edge constraints. The unsymmetrical laminated plate deflection is predicted for different thicknesses and also various pressures in different time steps and they are compared with elastic finite element results. As a main objective, the deflection results of viscoelastic laminated sector plate are obtained for various fiber volume fractions in the composite system.     

Free vibration and stability of angle-ply laminated composite and sandwich plates under thermal loading

A two-dimensional global higher-order deformation theory is presented for the free vibration and stability problems of angle-ply laminated composite and sandwich plates subjected to thermal loading. By using the method of power series expansion of continuous displacement components, a set of fundamental governing equations which can take into account the effects of both transverse shear and normal stresses is derived through Hamilton’s principle. Several sets of truncated Mth order approximate theories are applied to solve the eigenvalue problems of a simply supported angle-ply multilayered plate. Natural frequencies and critical temperatures of angle-ply laminated composite and sandwich plates subjected to thermal loading are obtained. Critical temperatures are obtained by increasing the temperature until the natural frequency vanishes. The effects of prebuckling displacements on the natural frequencies and critical temperatures are taken into account. Modal displacement distributions through the transverse direction of the laminates are plotted for the specific temperature parameter. Numerical results are compared with those of the published existing theories. The present global higher-order approximate theories can predict the natural frequencies and critical temperatures of angle-ply laminated composite and sandwich plates subjected to thermal loading accurately within small number of unknowns.     

Interlaminar stresses in laminated composite plates, cylindrical/spherical shell panels damaged by low-velocity impact

Prediction of damage caused by low-velocity impact in laminated composite plate cylindrical/spherical shell panels is an important problem faced by designers using composites. Not only the in-plane stresses but also the interlaminar normal and shear stresses play a role in estimating the damage caused. The work reported here is an effort in getting better predictions of damage in composite plate cylindrical/spherical shell panels subjected to low-velocity impact.

The low-velocity impact problem is treated as a quasi-static problem. First, the in-plane stresses are calculated by 2-D nonlinear finite element analysis using a 48 degrees of freedom laminated composite shell element. The damage analysis is then carried out using a Tsai-Wu quadratic failure criterion and a maximum stress criteria. Interlaminar normal and shear stresses are predicted after taking into account the in-plane damage caused by low-velocity impact. The interlaminar stresses are obtained by integrating the 3-D equations of equilibrium through the thickness. The deformed geometry is taken into account in the third equation of equilibrium (in the thickness direction). After evaluating the formulation and the computer program developed for correctness, the interlaminar stresses are predicted for composite plates/shell panels which are damaged by low-velocity impact.