NaA/PAN复合膜渗透汽化分离DMF/H_2O溶液的性能研究

采用流延法制备大面积的NaA/PAN分子筛复合膜,并用于渗透汽化分离二甲基甲酰胺/水(DMF/H2O)溶液。考察了料液组成、进料量和操作温度对膜分离性能的影响。实验结果表明:渗透通量随着温度的升高而增大,在DMF质量分数为20%,操作温度为24℃,料液量为1.5 m3/h,膜后侧压力为500 Pa的条件下,NaA/PAN膜的渗透通量达到1.84 kg/(m2·h),分离因子为11.5。     

用于分离DMF/H2O体系的Me-silicalite-1渗透汽化分子筛膜的制备

采用二次生长法制备了用于渗透汽化分离DMF/H2O体系的杂原子取代Me-silicalite-1/α-Al2O3(Me=Co、Fe)分子筛复合膜,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)和紫外漫反射(UV-Vis)等方法对分子筛膜进行表征,结果表明金属离子进入分子筛骨架。渗透汽化实验显示,金属离子掺杂的silicalite-1/α-Al2O3分子筛复合膜,具有较好的分离性能且优先透过有机胺,有利于工业中DMF溶剂的回收和利用。随着操作温度升高,分离因子减小,渗透通量增加。40℃分离质量分数为5%的DMF/H2O混合液时,Co-silicalite-1/α-Al2O3分子筛膜和Fe-silicalite-1/α-Al2O3分子筛膜的分离因子分别为4.4和2.9,渗透通量分别为0.66和0.84 kg·m-2·h-1。     

渗透汽化膜分离乙醇水混合物

以自制的壳聚糖／聚丙烯腈透水复合膜，对乙醇水实行渗透汽化分离，分离因子可达１４０～２５００，含水８．９％～３４．６％（质）的溶液，透过液中含水高达９３％～９９．８％（质），渗透总通量为０．１５～１．２５ｋｇ／ｍ￣２·ｈ。     

芳烃/脂肪烃混合物分离渗透汽化膜的研究进展

芳烃/脂肪烃混合物的分离是化学工业中的重要过程,但是由于其物理和化学性质非常相似,采用传统方法分离困难。与传统的分离技术(萃取、蒸馏)相比,渗透汽化技术在经济、节能和环保方面具有很大的发展前景。本文综述了用于芳烃/脂肪烃混合物渗透汽化分离的渗透汽化膜的研究进展,对渗透汽化技术用于芳烃/脂肪烃混合物的研究前景进行了展望。     

甲醇/正己烷的渗透汽化分离的研究 Ⅰ.渗透汽化膜的研制

本文研制了从甲醇／正己烷体系中分离甲醇的渗透汽化复合膜ＣＡ／ＰＡＮ（ＰＥＳ）、ＰＶＡ／ＰＡＮ（ＰＥＳ）。实验证明膜对该体系有较高的选择分离性和良好的渗透性，当进料甲醇浓度为３％时，渗透通量Ｊ≈０．６００ｋｇ／ｈ·ｍ２，分离因子α→∝。本文还考察了不同操作条件对膜分离性能的影响及膜的稳定性和均匀性。     

新型PVA/PA复合膜的运行工艺对渗透汽化性能的影响

研究了聚乙烯醇（PVA）/聚酰胺（PA）复合膜渗透汽化（PV）分离异丙醇（IPA）/水混合物时运行工艺的影响,模拟了渗透通量（J）预测方程。结果表明,PVA/PA复合膜在料液中w（IPA）%在0～95%范围内或在25℃～100℃的操作温度范围获得的渗透液中IPA含量[w′（IPA）]都小于1%,J随料液中w（IPA）%的下降或操作温度的提高而增加。分离性能预测方程的拟合结果与试验数据有良好一致性。在室温条件下,经过90 d的间歇运行或经过120 d的长期贮存后,PVA/PA复合膜的分离性能稳定,在IPA/水混合物的共沸温度80.4℃运行时的J为73.1 g/m^2·h,渗透液中的水含量[w′（H2O）]都大于99.5%,展示了其在食品、生物、制药和化学等工业中将具有良好的应用前景。     

有机混合物渗透汽化分离膜材料及成膜技术的研究进展

本文综述了近年来国内外有机溶剂混合物渗透汽化分离膜材料及成膜技术的最新研究进展。指出了制备超薄而致密的复合型渗透汽化膜是提高膜性能的重要途径。     

CA和CTA膜分离MeOH/MTBE混合物渗透汽化性能研究

分别研究了甲醇(MeOH)和甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)纯纽分在二醋酸纤维素(CA)和三醋酸纤维素(CTA)膜内的吸着性能、扩散系数及渗透通量.结果表明,活度在0.2～1.0范围内,MeOH在CA和CTA膜内的平衡吸着质量分数分别为0.018～0.172和0.032～0.175,远大于MTBE,而组分在2种膜中的溶解度无明显差别,2种组分在CTA膜中的扩散系数和渗透通量均大于CA膜.考察了进料温度在25℃、32℃和40℃下,料液中MeOH质量分数为5%～35%时,MeOH/MTBE混合物在CA膜中的渗透通量和分离系数,结果表明,随着进料温度和料液中MeOH浓度的升高,通量增加,分离系数减小.     

PPVA/PAN渗透汽化复合膜分离特性研究

利用磷酸对聚乙烯醇进行酯化改性,制备了以磷酸酯化聚乙烯醇（ＰＰＶＡ）为生分离层的ＰＰＶＡ／ＰＡＮ渗透汽化复合膜用于乙醇一水混合中物的分离。试验结果表明,ＰＰＶＡ／ＰＡＮ复合膜对水具有较好的分离性能。考察了ＰＰＶＡ活性分离层的酯化度、分离湿度、进料浓度等因素对复 摹分离性能的影响。对复合膜活性分离吸附性能与共分离性能的关系研究表明,活性分离层的吸附充分反映了其分离性能。     

ZSM-5/NaY型复合分子筛膜的制备及其渗透汽化性能研究

采用水热合成法在n(SiO₂)∶n(Al₂O₃)∶n(Na₂O)∶n(H₂O)为25∶1∶22∶600的合成液体系中合成高性能的ZSM-5/NaY型复合分子筛膜,考察了陈化时间、合成液中水的摩尔分数、合成时间以及合成温度对膜的渗透汽化分离性能的影响,同时,考察了ZSM-5/NaY型复合分子筛膜的稳定性。利用SEM和XRD对膜的形态结构进行表征。结果表明,在合成液陈化18 h后,在105℃下晶化6 h,可成功制备出连续致密的ZSM-5/NaY型复合分子筛膜;在75℃下分离90%的异丙醇/水体系,渗透侧水质量分数可以达到99.15%以上,渗透通量保持在2.12 kg/(m²·h)以上,并且具有良好的重复性。     

有机混合物的渗透蒸发分离

有机混合物渗透蒸发分离技术在技术发展很快,膜的种类繁多,和化学性质差别很大,本文首先总结了分离有机混合物渗透蒸发膜的详细分类 及膜对应的分离物系,不同膜的物理性能和分离效果比较,在后对膜的多种改性方法作了较合面的论述。     

Separation of Trimethyl Borate from a Liquid Mixture by Pervaporation

Four commercial polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membranes were applied to the pervaporation of an azeotropic mixture containing trimethyl borate, a precursor to boronic acids used in Suzuki couplings and a gaseous anti‐oxidant in solder flux or brazing. The degree of cross‐linking of the chains in the active layer played a crucial role in the membrane process using the membranes PERVAP 4155‐80, PERVAP 4155‐40 and PERVAP 4155‐30. PERVAP 4155‐30 reached the best results from all tested membranes; an impressive selectivity with fast permeation was also achieved with the PERVAP 4060 membrane. Methanol preferentially passed through PERVAP 4155‐30, but trimethyl borate was favorably pervaporated from the mixture by PERVAP 6040, due to the diverse affinities of the membranes.     

交联壳聚糖膜对各种醇水体系分离特性的研究

壳聚糖（CS）膜对不同醇水混合物的分离性能与醇分子的体积相关,随醇分子体积的增加,膜的分离因子增加,而渗透通量下降。然而经戊二醛交联后的CS膜,在分离丙醇水体系时不但具有高的分离因子,还具有比乙醇水体系同的渗透通量。本文研究了在分离不同醇水体系时交联剂量对交联CS膜分离性能的影响,并就交联前后CS膜对醇水体系的分离性能发生变化的原因进行了探讨。     

聚砜-纤维素复合超滤膜材料的制备与表征

以聚砜为原材料,通过向铸膜液中混入纤维素微纳晶体,采用浸没沉淀相转化工艺制备了纤维素填充聚砜基复合超滤膜材料。通过正交试验分析了各因素对产品性能的影响并得出了制备复合超滤膜的最优条件:当聚砜质量分数为18%,添加剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP K30)为0.3%,纤维素微纳晶体加入量为聚砜质量的15%,空气中溶剂蒸发时间为10s,然后在凝胶浴水中凝胶成形。并测定复合超滤膜的水通量、截留率、平均孔径、孔隙率、强度等一系列性能,膜的水通量为152.72L/(m²·h),截留率为93.98%,孔隙率为63.22%,平均孔径为46.03nm,膜具有良好的综合性能。     

聚砜/纳米TiO2有机-无机复合超滤膜的制备与表征

用阴离子表面活性剂改性的纳米TiO2,加入到聚砜铸膜液中,采用相转化法制备了分散均匀的聚砜/ TiO2复合超滤膜.通过测定纯水通量、对牛血清蛋白的截留率、水接触角、粘度、抗污染性、机械强度等实验,研究了不同TiO2加入量对膜的超滤性能和力学性能的影响.并在扫描电镜下观察了膜的表面与断面形态,测定了膜的孔密度、孔隙率、孔径及其分布,从而考察了添加纳米TiO2对膜微观结构的影响.结果表明,当纳米TiO2的加入量为2%(wt)时,膜的孔隙率增大,平均孔径减小;同时膜的性能得到了明显的改善,纯水通量提高了69%,同时膜的抗压强度和断裂强度也分别提高了50%和26.7%,并且膜的亲水性也明显增强,水接触角由72.1度降低到41.4度,从而使膜的抗污染性明显改善.但进一步增加TiO2的浓度(3%(wt)以上),膜的机械强度、亲水性和超滤性能反而下降.因此在聚砜膜中适量地添加纳米TiO2粒子,可明显改善膜的亲水性和力学性能,提高膜的通量,增强膜的抗污染能力,从而拓宽了膜的应用领域.     

Development of a Mixed-Matrix Membrane for Pervaporation

Abstract

In the production of pure alcohol, pervaporation is developing into an important technology. In this study, in order to improve the performance of the pervaporation process, a mixed-matrix polymer-zeolite membrane is developed. In the preparation of these membranes, cellulose acetate as base polymer, acetone or DMF as solvent, and 13X or 4A zeolites as fillers were used. To test the performance of homogeneous and mixed-matrix membranes, a laboratory-scale pervaporation setup was constructed. The effect of the following experimental parameters on the selectivity and flux were experimentally studied to determine the optimum values of operating conditions and to understand the separation mechanism in the indicated ranges: feed concentration, 70–90 wt%; feed temperature, 30–70°C; feed flow rate, 32–76 L/h. It was observed that the addition of zeolite to the membrane matrix improves the flux value twofold with respect to its homogeneous membranes with some loss in their selectivity. For example, for a feed concentration of 74 wt% EtOH at 50°C and 1 mmHg, the flux value for the unfilled membrane is 0.6 L/m²·h, and for a 30% zeolite-filled membrane, the flux is increased to 1.33. For these cases, the selectivities are 7.76 and 5.0 for the unfilled and filled membranes, respectively. TEM micrographs of the mixed-matrix membranes show a homogeneous distribution of zeolite particles which produce a cavelike porous structure in the matrix. The combined effect of this modified morphology and zeolite selectivity is the possible reason for the observed pervaporation performances of mixed-matrix membranes.     

Separation of Diacteone Alcohol‐Water Mixtures by Membrane Pervaporation

Abstract

A study was conducted to evaluate membrane pervaporation for the separation of diacetone alcohol‐water mixtures using commercially available membranes for organic enrichment and dehydration. Empirical correlations for the effect of the process parameters of feed concentration, feed temperature, permeate‐side pressure, and scale‐up were developed. The solvent‐water mixture was successfully separated with a poly(vinyl alcohol) based Sulzer PERVAP 2210 dehydration membrane. Various dehydration membranes were evaluated and a comparison of the flux and separation factor was made. The membrane performance in separating acetone‐water mixtures was also studied. An overall model to predict the membrane area needed for a scale‐up was developed based on the results.     

共沉淀法制备镁铝水滑石及其表征

采用共沉淀法以硝酸铝、销售镁、氢氧化钠及碳酸钠为原料,制备镁铝水滑石,通过XRD、TG-DTA对不同初始溶液Mg/Al摩尔比制备的水滑石进行表征,结果表明:不同初始溶液Mg/Al摩尔比的情况下均能制备出结晶度好,晶相比较单一,晶型结构较为完整的Mg/Al-CO3水滑石,随Mg/Al摩尔比增加,水滑石热稳定性相应升高,样品结晶度提高。     

Pervaporation Separation of Water/Ethanol Mixtures through Polycarbonate/Cobalt(III) Acetylacetonate Membranes

ABSTRACT

In the present work, cobalt(III) acetylacetonate [Co(acac)₃] was added to polycarbonate (PC) to improve its performance on pervaporation separation of water/ethanol mixtures. By adding 3 wt% of Co(acac)₃ the resulting PC/Co(acac)₃ complex membrane possessed a permeation rate similar to a pure polycarbonate membrane, but the separation factor (water/ethanol) was about three times higher. The stability of the complex membrane was tested, and it was found that, after being immersed in an aqueous ethanol solution for 72 hours, the complex membrane was still stable. In addition, the effects of the added amount of Co(acac)₃ and the feed composition on pervaporation performance are presented in this work, and the mechanism of the improvement in pervaporation performance is briefly discussed.