氧流量对ITO和ITO∶Zr薄膜性能的影响

利用双靶共溅法在玻璃衬底上沉积了Zr掺杂ITO薄膜,对比研究了在不同氧流量下ITO和ITO∶Zr薄膜性能的变化.Zr的掺入促进薄膜晶化的同时也导致了(400)晶面取向的加强,ITO∶Zr比ITO薄膜具有较低的表面粗糙度.氧流量的上升降低了方阻和载流子浓度,ITO∶Zr薄膜具有更高的载流子浓度.一定范围的氧流量可以改善薄膜的可见光透过率,但过量的氧却使得薄膜的光学性能变差.通过直接跃迁的模型得出ITO∶Zr比ITO薄膜具有更宽的光学禁带.共溅法制备的ITO∶Zr薄膜比ITO薄膜表现出更好的光电性能.     

氧流量对ITO和ITO：Zr薄膜性能的影响

利用双靶共溅法在玻璃衬底上沉积了Zr掺杂ITO薄膜,对比研究了在不同氧流量下ITO和ITO：Zr薄膜性能的变化。Zr的掺入促进薄膜晶化的同时也导致了（400）晶面取向的加强,ITO：Zr比ITO薄膜具有较低的表面粗糙度。氧流量的上升降低了方阻和载流子浓度,ITO：Zr薄膜具有更高的载流子浓度。一定范围的氧流量可以改善薄膜的可见光透过率,但过量的氧却使得薄膜的光学性能变差。通过直接跃迁的模型得出ITO：Zr比ITO薄膜具有更宽的光学禁带。共溅法制备的ITO：Zr薄膜比ITO薄膜表现出更好的光电性能。     

磁控溅射ITO薄膜结构和性能的研究

利用中频脉冲磁控溅射工艺制备ITO薄膜,研究了在衬靶间距为60 mm、衬底温度为350℃、溅射功率为120 W、溅射气压为0.2 Pa的条件下,氧氩比(O2/Ar)、溅射时间对ITO薄膜表面形貌、膜厚、沉积速率及光电性能的影响。通过实验和分析,最终确定了在玻璃衬底上制备ITO薄膜的最佳氧氩比和溅射时间:氧氩比为0.4:40,溅射时间为45 min,获得了方阻为2.55Ω/□,电阻率为1.46×10-4Ω·cm,可见光范围内平均透过率为81.2%的薄膜。     

掺Sn的In2O3透明导电膜生长优先取向对其光电性能的影响

采用反应热蒸发法制备掺Sn的In2O3(ITO)透明导电膜,系统研究了ITO薄膜生长的优先取向对其光电性能的影响.结果表明,ITO薄膜(400)取向的优先生长对其透过率影响很小,但可明显增加载流子迁移率,从而有效降低了薄膜的方块电阻.在两个相同的薄膜硅/单晶硅太阳能电池上分别沉积(222)和(400)ITO优先取向膜,光电转换效率分别为10.3%和12.9%,表明(400)取向更有利于提高电池效率.经优化,最佳衬底温度(Ts)为225℃,最佳氧流量(fO2)为4sccm.在优化的沉积条件下制备ITO薄膜,其电阻率可达到4.8×10-4Ω·cm,可见波段的透过率大于90%,性能指数为3.8×10-2□/Ω.     

掺Sn的In2O3透明导电膜生长优先取向对其光电性能的影响

采用反应热蒸发法制备掺Sn的In2O3(ITO)透明导电膜,系统研究了ITO薄膜生长的优先取向对其光电性能的影响.结果表明,ITO薄膜(400)取向的优先生长对其透过率影响很小,但可明显增加载流子迁移率,从而有效降低了薄膜的方块电阻.在两个相同的薄膜硅/单晶硅太阳能电池上分别沉积(222)和(400)ITO优先取向膜,光电转换效率分别为10.3%和12.9%,表明(400)取向更有利于提高电池效率.经优化,最佳衬底温度(Ts)为225℃,最佳氧流量(fO2)为4sccm.在优化的沉积条件下制备ITO薄膜,其电阻率可达到4.8×10-4Ω·cm,可见波段的透过率大于90%,性能指数为3.8×10-2□/Ω.     

直流磁控溅射ITO薄膜的正交试验分析

利用直流磁控溅射系统制备ITO薄膜,采用正交试验表格L32(48)安排试验.测试了薄膜的方阻和透过率,分析了8个工艺参数对薄膜电光特性的影响,其中沉积气压、氩氧流量比和退火温度的影响最大.分析得到优化工艺参数为:沉积气压2×133.322 4 mPa、氩氧流量比16∶0.5、退火温度427 ℃、靶基间距15、退火时间1 h、溅射功率300 W、退火氛围为真空、沉积温度227 ℃.在此工艺参数下制备的ITO薄膜方阻为17 Ω/□,电阻率为1.87×10-4Ω·cm,在可见光区域平均透过率为85.13%.     

有机玻璃衬底磁控溅射ITO膜的制备与性能研究

在低温条件下采用直流磁控溅射法在有机玻璃(PMMA)衬底上制备了ITO薄膜。分别采用分光光度计、四探针测试仪研究了底涂层、衬底温度、氧流量、溅射时间对PMMA上沉积的ITO薄膜性能的影响。研究结果表明:涂覆底涂层有助于ITO成膜;衬底温度影响薄膜的方块电阻值;适当增大O2流量可以提高薄膜的透射率,但过高的O2流量降低薄膜的导电性;溅射时间延长,方块电阻值减小。优化工艺后制备的ITO薄膜为非晶态膜,可见光平均透过率达83.5%,方块电阻为22Ω/□。     

有机玻璃衬底磁控溅射ITO膜的制备与性能研究

在低温条件下采用直流磁控溅射法在有机玻璃(PMMA)衬底上制备了ITO薄膜。分别采用分光光度计、四探针测试仪研究了底涂层、衬底温度、氧流量、溅射时间对PMMA上沉积的ITO薄膜性能的影响。研究结果表明: 涂覆底涂层有助于ITO成膜; 衬底温度影响薄膜的方块电阻值; 适当增大O2流量可以提高薄膜的透射率, 但过高的O2流量降低薄膜的导电性; 溅射时间延长, 方块电阻值减小。优化工艺后制备的ITO薄膜为非晶态膜, 可见光平均透过率达83.5%, 方块电阻为22Ω/□。     

一种新型透明导电氧化物薄膜—ITO∶Ta

利用磁控溅射,在玻璃基底上沉积了ITO∶Ta薄膜。研究了在不同衬底温度下ITO和ITO∶Ta薄膜的光电性能。高价金属元素Ta掺杂促进薄膜晶化的同时,导致了(400)晶面择优取向的形成。低温沉积的ITO∶Ta薄膜比ITO薄膜展示了较好的光电性能,Ta掺杂使得室温沉积ITO薄膜的效益指数分别由0.003×10-3Ω-1上升到了0.880×10-3Ω-1。透射谱表明,参数的变化引起明显的Burstin-Moss效应,通过直接跃迁的模型研究了光学禁带的变化。     

低温ITO膜的制备及光电性能

论述了直流磁控溅射法低温ITO透明导电薄膜的过程中,衬底温度、溅射功率、溅射压强、水蒸气分压对ITO薄膜的光电性能的影响。在通入分压为3×10-5Torr的水蒸气、衬底温度50℃、低功率100W的条件下制备出了光电性能优良的ITO透明导电膜,其方阻为27.5Ω/□,在可见光区平均透过率高于为83%。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.